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1.
甘蓝型油菜无花瓣种质的选育及鉴定研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文论述了甘蓝型油菜无花瓣种质无花瓣１号的选育过程，并从遗传，生理，生态，抗性、农艺性状等方面，对该种南进行系统的鉴定与研究。提出无花瓣种质在抵能耗与抗病性上具有较高育种潜势，是进一步选育具有高产、抗病、优质综合性状油菜品种的重要资源。 相似文献
2.
本文综达了国内外关于油菜无花瓣性状的一些研究,以及无花瓣育种概念的形成。重点对作者选育的甘蓝型油菜无花瓣突变体,在遗传、生理特性及育种方面的研究进展进行评述。指出采用遗传的方法,去除非光合器官——花瓣及其花冠层,存在显著的育种潜势,是一种新的育种途径。将培育出以无花瓣为标志性状的低能耗、高抗病、高产优质新品种。 相似文献
3.
两种油菜花瓣缺失突变体 无花瓣性状的遗传分析 。 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
以两种不同类型油菜花瓣缺失突变体为实验材料,通过与正常有花瓣油菜杂交并回交构建F2 和BC1 群 体,分析两种油菜无花瓣突变体的无花瓣性状的遗传规律。根据田间各遗传群体花瓣度( PDgr)的观察和统计表 明,甘蓝型油菜突变体APT02无花瓣性状由两对主效隐性基因和一对隐性修饰基因控制;白菜型油菜突变体 AM032无花瓣性状由一对隐性基因控制。两种油菜无花瓣突变体无花瓣性状的遗传都不存在母体细胞质效应。 相似文献
4.
油菜株型结构及其理想型研究 Ⅱ.无花瓣性状对构建理想株型的作用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
采用田间试验方法和１４Ｃ示踪技术研究有、无花瓣油菜近等基因系花期前后的株型演变及花期同化产物的运转分配。结果表明,无花瓣性状促进了中下层分枝和角果的发育,有利于增大分枝茎皮面积和角果皮面积,促进中下结角层多结角果和籽粒,并提高下层角果的质量,１４Ｃ示踪也证明无花瓣性状促使花期同化产物向下部分枝和角果运转。无花瓣性状可用于构建油菜理想株型。 相似文献
5.
油菜株型结构及其理想型研究：II.无花瓣性状对构建理想株型 … 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用田间试验方法和＾１４Ｃ示踪技术研究有,无花瓣油菜近等基因系花期前后的株型演变及花期同化产物的运转分配,结果表明,无花瓣性状促进了中下层分枝和角果的发育,有利于增大分枝茎皮面积和角果皮面积,促进中下结角层多结角和籽粒,并提高下层角果的质量,＾１４Ｃ示踪也证明无花瓣性关促使花期同化产向下部分枝和角果运转,无花瓣性状可用于构建油菜理想株型。 相似文献
6.
远缘杂交是发掘利用现有种质资源的重要途径,为创建油菜的某些新性状或新类型,1983年以来我们利用国内外的芸薹属资源,开展种间和属间杂交实验,得到了一批有特异性状的后代。无花瓣油菜不仅可提高光的利用率,且感菌核病率也大为降低(Mendham,N.J.等1981;Yates,D.J.等1987;傅寿仲等1990),是实现油菜更高产的重要途径。本文主要就甘蓝型油菜(Brassica 相似文献
7.
白菜型无花瓣油菜突变体的花器官形态特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
在我国白菜型油菜地方品种余井花籽和国外白菜型油菜品种Am032中同时发现了无花瓣突变体。通过对白菜型油菜无花瓣突变体与甘蓝型无花瓣油菜及正常油菜器官形态的鉴定和比较，认为白菜型油菜无花瓣突变体的花瓣缺失突变机制与甘蓝型油菜不同，白菜型油菜无花瓣突变体有花瓣转变成雄蕊的现象，推测白菜型油菜花瓣缺失突变可能与花器官同源异型基因突变有关。 相似文献
8.
甘蓝型油菜无花瓣近等基因系的选育研究初报 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
近等基因是研究作物性状表现与功能的重要材料。利用高代群体分离法，育成了2对无花瓣油菜近等基因系，即NIL－PL01和NIL－APL01及NIL－PL02和NIL－APL02。近等基因系间除花瓣存在差异外，其它主要农艺性状基本一致，NIL－PL02和NIL－APL02具有浅紫色叶片和茎秆标记。NIL－PL01和NIL－APL01品质性状为双低，NIL－PL02和NIL－APL02为中芥高硫。利用随机引物对基因组DNA扩增结果表明，NIL-PL01和NIL－APL01之间多态性差异较小，遗传南质性达98．6％，该材料正用于筛选与花瓣性状紧密连锁的分子标记。 相似文献
9.
采用田间试验方法研究有、无花瓣油菜花期前后的株型演变及其与成熟期株型结构的关系。结果表明，无花瓣油菜花期缺少花瓣，植株中、下部受光充足，光合产物多，形成低分枝、多分枝、结角层厚、角果多的大株型。有花瓣品种宁油７号花瓣影响透光，下部分枝退化多，形成高分枝、少分枝、结角层薄、角果少而集中的较小株型。还研究了株型质量问题。 相似文献
10.
概述分子标记在甘蓝型油菜遗传图谱以及甘蓝型油菜植物学、品质、抗病、生理等重要性状基因定位的研究进展，并对研究中存在的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献