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1.
[目的]研究冬季半休眠期枝梢环剥对油橄榄成花、坐果及叶片碳氮营养、光合作用的影响,探讨环剥技术对油橄榄大小年结果的调控作用及环剥后较长时期内叶片光合作用调控机制.[方法]以16年生油橄榄'莱星'典型的大、小年树为试验材料,研究了冬季半休眠期枝梢环剥对油橄榄成花、坐果及叶片碳氮营养、光合作用的影响.[结果]冬季半休眠期枝梢环剥可显著提高油橄榄大、小年树次年花芽形成率和早期坐果率(花后30天),但对最终的坐果率、单个果实干鲜质量和果实产量无明显影响.环剥后30天,叶片可溶性糖含量显著升高,叶片淀粉含量明显升高,叶片全氮含量显著下降,叶片碳氮比值显著升高;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著下降,叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)基本未变.之后,随处理时间延长,叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉含量积累效应基本消失时(处理后120 d),叶片Pn和Gs仍显著低于对照,叶片Ci显著高于对照.[结论]冬季半休眠期枝梢环剥可促进油橄榄成花,但果实产量无显著提高;莱星品种明显的结实大小年节律可能主要决定于其品种的发育节律和遗传本身.环剥后短期内叶片Pn的下降应与叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉积累有关. 相似文献
2.
[目的]为科学评价皆伐、火烧对中亚热带常绿阔叶林不同深度土壤有机碳吸存的影响,[方法]以福建省中亚热带36年生米槠人促更新林为研究对象,采用非散射红外CO2浓度探测仪和Licor-8100土壤碳通量系统,并结合Fick扩散法计算并分析0~80 cm不同深度土层CO2通量的日动态特征。[结果]表明:(1)火烧地(RB)和皆伐地(RR)不同土层CO2浓度均出现明显下降,其中,对照(CK)地土壤CO2浓度值(0~80 cm)分别是RB和RR的1.9、1.3倍;(2)各试验地土壤CO2通量(0~80 cm)表现为RB(1.99 μmol·m2·s-1)>RR(0.99 μmol·m2·s-1)>CK(0.96 μmol·m2·s-1),除2040 cm土层外,RB土壤各层CO2通量均显著高于RR和CK(P<0.05);(3)试验地不同土层CO2通量(0~80 cm)日变化幅度表现为RB>RR>CK,其中,RB土壤各层的变化幅度均显著大于RR和CK(P<0.05),而RR与CK间的差异表现在0~5、10~20、20~40 cm土层(P<0.05);(4)拟合分析表明,各试验地不同深度土壤CO2通量与土壤温度呈显著相关,且 RB的决定系数(R2)显著高于RR和CK;不同试验地各土层温度、含水量的双因素模型拟合效果均优于单因素模型;Q10值显示,皆伐、火烧后初期土壤各层的温度敏感性得到明显提高。 相似文献
3.
将由林龄(AG)、海拔(AL)以及物种数目(IS)组合而成的综合资源位指数(RGI)作为资源轴的划分标准,应用Levins(B(sw)i)和Shannon-Wiener(B(L)i)生态位宽度指数,生态位重叠指数(Lih和Lhi)以及生态位相似性比例指数(Cih)等将阿尔山地区不同起源的兴安落叶松林(天然林、人工林及火烧迹地恢复林)划分为6个资源位,在此基础上进行群落调查,对林下植物种群的生态位进行了定量分析。结果表明:兴安苔草和黑麦草的重要值最大,不同资源位重要值之和达到114.924 8%和70.911 1%。生态位宽度较大的有北方拉拉藤、粗根老鹳草、黑麦草及兴安苔草,这些物种适应能力强,分布范围大,倾向于泛化种。生态位狭小的植物种群则可能成为林区进行植物多样性保护的重点,需要引起特别关注。本研究证实生态位宽度较大种群与其他种群存在较大的生态位重叠和相似性,而这在某些重要值较低且生态位宽度较窄的种群也会出现(如铁杆蒿、黄花委陵菜及巴天酸模),生态位重叠和相似性并非仅仅取决于生态位宽度。生态位重叠既能反映两种群在共享资源时的竞争关系,也能反映两者在利用资源时相互促进的关系。生态位宽度较大的植物种可作为植被恢复阶段的先锋种,而与其生态位重叠较大的物种以及与先锋种生态位相似性比例较小的物种则可作为伴生种,以便于充分利用环境资源,逐步恢复受损地区的植被。 相似文献
4.
研究了13个与栗山天牛危害程度有关的林分因子,并对这些林分因子与栗山天牛危害林地有虫株率进行逐步回归分析,从中筛选出林地坡位、栎树胸径和主林层郁闭度3个关键因子。结果表明:栗山天牛危害林地有虫株率(y)与坡位(x1)和胸径(x6)呈显著正相关关系,与主林层郁闭度(x4)呈显著负相关关系,依此建立多元回归模型:y=0.071 2+0.691 8x1-0.507 4x4+0.561 3x6,经检验,平均差异程度为0.174 2。因此,可用该模型对栗山天牛危害程度进行风险评估。 相似文献
5.
为了揭示云冷杉林生长季坑丘微立地上微气候因子的时空变化以及PPFD、RH、SWC与不同深度TS的相关性。2013年7—9月在小兴安岭谷地云冷杉林风倒区1.50 hm2的固定样地内,测定所有35对坑丘微立地(丘顶、丘面、坑底、坑壁)的光量子通量密度(PPFD)、空气相对湿度(RH)、地表土壤温度(TS0)、5 cm和10 cm深度的土壤温度(TS5和TS10),以及07.6 cm、012 cm和020 cm土壤含水量(SWC1、SWC2和SWC3)等微气候因子,并将完整立地(未受掘根干扰的完整林地)设为对照样地。比较5个不同微立地微气候因子的月变化以及PPFD、RH以及SWC对土壤温度(TS)的影响。结果表明:7—9月,坑丘微立地(丘顶、丘面、坑底、坑壁)的月均PPFD和TS0均为7月>8月>9月,月均RH以及TS5和TS10均为8月>7月>9月,月均SWC均为8最大;7—8月不同微立地月均PPFD大小顺序均为丘顶>丘面>坑底>完整立地,9月却为丘顶>丘面>完整立地>坑底>坑壁;7—9月,各微立地TS0大小顺序均为丘顶>丘面>完整立地>坑壁>坑底,而5 cm和10 cm均为丘顶>丘面>坑壁>完整立地>坑底;月均RH和月均SWC均为坑底>坑壁>完整立地>丘面>丘顶;7月丘顶的PPFD最大,为736.11 μmol·m-2·s-1,完整立地最小,为25.46 μmol·m-2·s-1,丘顶TS最高,为26.29℃,坑底TS最低,为5.13℃;浅层SWC大于较深层的,最大SWC出现在8月的坑底,为51.58%。相同微立地(丘顶、坑底、完整立地)PPFD与浅层TS的相关性大于较深层的土壤,TS0与PPFD呈正相关,与RH呈负相关。 相似文献
6.
Photosynthetic responses to a series of 1-min lightflecks (1,000μmol m−2 s−1) superimposed on a background with different duration (1, 5, and 10 min) and intensity (25 and 50μmol m−2 s−1) of low background photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were measured in the leaves ofFagus crenata grown in a gap and understory of aFagus crenata forest in the Naeba Mountains. The two background PPFD intensities most frequently occurred in understory and gap sites respectively.
The maximum net photosynthetic rate (P
Nmax) and maximum stomatal conductance (g
smax) were higher in the gap seedlings than in the understory seedlings. However, when the background PPFD was 25μmol m−2s−1, the net photosynthetic rate (P
25) and stomatal conductance (g
s25) were almost the same between the gap and understory. When the background PPFD duration was 1-min, the net photosynthetic
rate (P
N
) at the end of each lightfleck increased progressively. When the background PPFD duration was 5- and 10-min, the increase
inP
N
at the end of each lightfleck was less. This indicates that background PPFD duration is important to photosynthetic responses
to lightflecks. The higher ratios ofP
25/P
Nmax andg
s25/g
smax in the understory seedlings indicate that the understory seedlings can maintain relatively lower levels of biochemical and
stomatal limitations than the gap seedlings under low light conditions. The ratios ofP
N
/P
Nmax at the end of each lightfleck (IS) and light utilization efficiency of single lightflecks (LUE
s) that showed the influence of lightflecks on carbon gain were higher in the understory seedlings than in the gap seedlings
when the background PPFD was 25μmol m−2 s−1. This means that understory seedling are capable of utilizing fluctuating light more efficiently under low light conditions
than the gap seedlings although the net carbon gain of single lightflecks (CG
s) in the understory seedlings was not higher than that in the gap seedlings. There were no significant differences inIS andLUE
s between understory seedlings at a background PPFD of 25μmol m−2 s−1 and gap seedlings at a background PPFD of 50μmol m−2 s−1. However,CG
s in gap seedlings was higher than in understory seedlings. These results provide more evidence thatF. crenata acclimate to a natural light environment in respect to relative induction state at low background PPFD and can capture the
fluctuating light at the same efficiency in both the gap and understory seedlings under natural light environments.
This study was funded by the research project, Evaluation of Total CO2 Budget in Forest Ecosystems, coordinated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. 相似文献
7.
以油茶无性系高产品种、中产品种和普通品种为试材,采用LI-6400P便携式光合测定系统在新梢生长期对其净光合速率、蒸腾速率等日变化规律及光合-光响应曲线进行了比较研究。结果表明:3个品种净光合速率日变化曲线存在单峰和双峰两种类型,高产品种与中产品种为单峰型,普通品种为双峰型,普通品种存在明显的光合午休现象,3个品种的净光合速率存在显著差异;3个品种上、下部叶片的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为单峰型,水分利用效率的日变化曲线均为"U"型;3个品种的最大净光合速率在8.404 - 10.879 μmol·m-2·s-1之间,光饱和点在305 - 318 μmol·m-2·s-1之间,光补偿点在24 - 53 μmol·m-2·s-1之间;逐步回归分析表明,影响高产品种叶片净光合速率的主导因子为气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和相对湿度;气孔导度是影响中产品种净光合速率的主导因子,普通品种净光合速率主要受气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度的影响。 相似文献
8.
采用质量法和酶活性测定法研究了毒死蜱对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)3龄幼虫食物利用的影响,并测定了其毒力及解毒酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性。用亚致死浓度(1.5 mg·L-1)毒死蜱处理小黑杨叶片,饲喂舞毒蛾3龄幼虫,其幼虫生长率(RGR)、食物利用率(ECI)和食物转化率(ECD)均显著低于对照,而近似消化率(AD)显著高于对照,相对取食量(RCR)处理和对照间差异不显著。毒死蜱对舞毒蛾幼虫24 h致死中浓度(LC50)为5.86 mg·L-1,其毒力低于三氟氯氰菊酯而高于氧化乐果。毒死蜱对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和AChE均有抑制作用,抑制程度为CarE＞AChE＞GSTs。毒死蜱通过影响舞毒蛾食物利用和抑制酶活性而表现出杀虫活性,为一种有效防治舞毒蛾的有机磷杀虫剂。 相似文献
9.
Euonymus evergreen hybrid(1#, 2#, 3#) and their parents (Euonymus japonicus‘Zhuzi’, E. kiautschovicus) were studied to test whether their cold resistance were stronger than their parents in the winter. The result showed The semi-lethal temperatures (LT50) were assessed separately by electrolyte leakage, the result showed that the LT50 of 1#, 2#, 3#, E. japonicus‘Zhuzi’ and E. kiautschovicus were 36℃, 32.1℃, -28.5℃, -26.9℃, and -28℃ respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) in 3# were higher than that of the others, but there was no significant difference among the other varieties. The contents of proline in leaves of E. japonicus‘Zhuzi’ were higher than that of Euonymus evergreen hybrids and E. kiautschovicus. The present study indicates that the hybrid evergreen euonymus and their parents had different mechanisms of cold-resistance. 相似文献
10.
以三峡库区马尾松飞播林为研究对象,针对不同营林措施:除灌(清除所有除灌产生的枝叶)、采伐I(采伐强度15%,采伐树干,并未对枝叶进行清除)、采伐II(采伐强度70%,采伐剩余物处理同采伐I)、对照,采用LI-8100土壤CO2通量测定系统对其土壤呼吸速率进行为期1年的连续观测,分析了不同营林措施对于土壤呼吸的影响以及不同营林措施下土壤呼吸产生差异的原因。结果显示:年土壤呼吸速率均值除灌(1.82±0.07 μmol·m-2·s-1)< 对照(2.18±0.05 μmol·m-2·s-1)< 采伐I(2.37±0.07 μmol·m-2·s-1)< 采伐II(2.86±0.1 μmol·m-2·s-1);采伐强度与土壤呼吸速率增值呈正比;不同营林措施与对照土壤呼吸速率均在夏季生长旺盛期7-8月达到最大值;高强度的采伐显著提高了土壤温度与湿度,对照、除灌、采伐I、采伐II土壤呼吸敏感性指数Q10值依次为: 2.18±1.09、1.65±0.07、2.20 ±0.09,2.36±0.09。 相似文献
11.
采用盆栽控制试验,研究了不同浓度(0、60、120和180 mmol·L-1)Na2SO4胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明:(1)盐胁迫对沙枣幼苗生长具有显著的抑制效应。不同浓度Na2SO4胁迫沙枣的株高、侧枝数、总叶面积、单株叶片数、比叶面积以及各组织(除根)生物量均显著低于对照,且均随盐胁迫浓度的升高呈下降趋势,而根冠比值则由对照的0.153 1显著增加到180 mmol·L-1Na2SO4胁迫幼苗的0.348 7。(2)盐胁迫显著降低了沙枣幼苗的光合能力。随着Na2SO4胁迫的加剧,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈下降的趋势,而气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE)则依次增加,且Pn下降主要受气孔限制;180 mmol·L-1Na2SO4胁迫沙枣幼苗的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr分别为对照的71.57%、30.85%、67.15%和51.65%,而Ls和WUE则分别为对照的1.91、1.38倍。(3)盐胁迫强度与幼苗株高、总叶面积、单株叶片数、比叶面积、茎生物量、叶生物量、总生物量等生长指标以及Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr等光合参数呈极显著负相关,叶片的光合参数与总叶面积、单株叶片数呈显著或极显著正相关,而叶片的生长指标、光合参数与幼苗的株高生长和生物量累积也呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
12.
We conducted a 1-year greenhouse experiment to assess the impact of nutrient manipulations on seedling growth, biomass partitioning, and leaf gas exchange between two fast growing Pinus taeda clones that differed in growth efficiency. After 1 year we observed significant treatment and treatment by clone effects on growth, biomass partitioning, and gas exchange parameters. Fertilization increased total seedling biomass 18% primarily through an increase in foliage and coarse-roots. Clones did not differ in total seedling biomass, however, clone 85 produced more stem than clone 93 leading to 37% greater stem:leaf, while clone 93 maintained more branch biomass. The logging residue treatment increased stem:leaf by 30%, but had no effect on total biomass or partitioning. Differences in leaf morphology resulted in significantly greater canopy leaf area in clone 93 than clone 85. Increased foliar N concentration from fertilization had only minor effects on specific photosynthesis under saturating light (ASat), but lowered stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and internal to external CO2 concentration ratio (Ci/Ca) as well as improved water use efficiency (WUE) independently of genotype. When gas exchange data was scaled to the canopy level both genotypes achieved similar canopy level CO2 assimilation rates, but our data suggests they did this by different means. Although we did see a small effect of nutrient limitations in total canopy photosynthesis under saturating light (ACanopy), ASat, and total leaf area (TLA), our foliar N concentration ([N]) indicated that our level of logging residue incorporation did not cause [N] to decrease below sufficiency limits. From a practical standpoint, a better understanding of strategies for capturing and partition C may lead to better selection of clonal material, thereby, optimizing productivity. 相似文献
13.
自由基具有强氧化性,机体衰老及多种疾病如肿瘤、炎症、神经退行性疾病、动脉粥样硬化等的诱发促进机制都与自由基有关[1]。自由基的减少,不仅要靠自身的清除系统,还需要外部抗氧化剂的协助。近年来,关于合成抗氧化剂的副作用受到人们更多的关注,因此,寻找安全、高效的植物源类抗氧化剂,已成为食品领域研究的热点。楸树(Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey.)为紫葳科(Bignoniaceae)梓属植物,落叶乔木,《本草纲目》记载楸树树皮、叶具有药 相似文献
14.
[目的]为评价和选育优良楸树(Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey)无性系。[方法]本研究利用32个楸树无性系7年的生长测定数据,以分析其生长规律及早期生长过程。对各无性系的单株材积生长进行Logistic拟合回归分析。在此基础上,分析不同指标间的相关性并对32个无性系进行聚类分析。[结果]楸树无性系在不同年份(1 a除外)胸径、树高、单株材积差异极显著,说明楸树无性系间变异丰富。楸树单株材积变异系数最大(7.84%～35.56%),胸径次之(11.89%～17.29%),树高最低(6.91%～10.87%),无性系单株材积改良潜力较大。同时生长后期单株材积(0.75)和胸径(0.82)保持较高的重复力,意味楸树单株材积受遗传控制较强。利用无性系单株材积生长平均值,拟合了楸树无性系单株材积生长曲线的Logistic模型,估算的生长参数在无性系间具有较大差异。楸树无性系7年生单株材积平均年生长量呈"S"型曲线生长趋势,而连年生长量先上升后下降,在第5年达到高峰,截止到本次调查时还未达到数量成熟。相关性分析显示:楸树无性系单株材积生长量与最大生长速率(MGR)、线性生长速率(LGR)、线性生长量(LGI)极显著正相关。聚类分析结果表明:供试的32个楸树无性系分为4大类,其中第I类的楸树单株材积生长总量较大,且具有较强的后期生长潜力。[结论]不同楸树无性系的遗传变异丰富, 1-1、22-07、19-01、16-05、16-01、16-07等6个无性系生长潜力较高,可作为楸树的优良无性系进行推广。 相似文献
15.
16.
Effects of soil moisture and light intensity on ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigated the combined effects of soil moisture and light intensity on the growth, development and ecophysiological characteristics of one-year old Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture and light intensity influenced the ecophysiological characteristics of Amorpha fruticosa seedlings. Soil moisture resulted in the decreases of growth rate, individual size, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, leaf water loss rate (WLR), and biomass accumulation of plant parts, and led to increased leaf water saturation deficit (WSD). Under water stress, more photosynthetic products were allocated to root growth. With decreasing light intensity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chla/b, water saturation deficit, water use efficiency, water loss rate and biomass accumulation declined, while Chla, Chlb, Chla+b and carotenoids (Car) increased and more photosynthetic products were allocated to stem and leaf growth. Maximum growth vigor, net photosynthetic rate and total biomass accumulation in Amorpha fruticosa seedlings was recorded at 75 80% soil water-holding capacity and 100% light density in greenhouse environments. 相似文献
17.
Jatropha curcas seed oil, which can be utilized for biodiesel production upon transesterification, is also rich in phorbol esters (PEs). In this study, PEs from J. curcas oil (Jatropha factors C1 and C2 (purified to homogeneity), Jatropha factors C3 and (C4 + C5) (obtained as mixtures) and PE-rich extract (containing all the above stated Jatropha factors) were investigated. The concentrations of Jatropha PEs were expressed equivalent to Jatropha factor C1. In the snail (Physa fontinalis) bioassay, the order of potency (EC50, μg/L) was: PE-rich extract < factor C3 mixture < factor C2 < factor C1 < factor (C4 + C5). In the Artemia salina bioassay, the order of potency (EC50, mg/L) was: factor C2 < factor C3 mixture < factor C1 < factor (C4 + C5) mixture. In addition, Jatropha PEs exhibited platelet aggregation (ED50, μM, factor C2 < factor C3 mixture < factor C1 < factor (C4 + C5) mixture. The stability of a PE-rich extract was evaluated and found to be low at room temperature but favourable in ethanol over a range of temperatures. By integrating the isolation methodology developed in this study in the Jatropha biodiesel industry, PEs could be obtained as value-added co-products. 相似文献
18.
为提高猴头菌菌株CB1锰过氧化物酶(MnP)基因的表达产量,采用PEG/CaCl2介导的原生质体转化方法,将携带有He-mnp1的重组质粒pLB01/He-mnp1转入到构巢曲霉尿嘧啶尿苷营养缺陷菌株TN02A7的原生质体中,获得了转化子菌株TN02A7-He-mnp1,并在乙醇脱氢酶启动子alcA(p)控制下实现了异源表达。将TN02A7-He-mnp1、TN02A7、构巢曲霉野生型菌株WJA01、猴头菌菌株CB1在相同的木质素环境下进行培养并检测MnP酶活性,结果表明:转化子菌株TN02A7-He-mnp1在0.05 g.L-1血红素的情况下、诱导96 h后酶活性最高为38.31 U.L-1,比不添加血红素的酶活力高8.64倍,但比猴头菌菌株CB1的酶活力低,而TN02A7与WJA01始终无MnP酶活性,说明基因He-mnp1已经成功地被转化到TN02A7-He-mnp1中,并在木质素环境下得到表达,血红素是重组MnP基因异源表达的限制性因素之一。本文为生产MnP和提高MnP产量提供了新的途径。 相似文献
19.
Incident rainfall partitioning and canopy interception modeling for an abandoned Japanese cypress stand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Interception loss (E i) in forests has been studied widely. However, E i parameters and modeling as well as spatial patterns of throughfall (TF) in abandoned Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations remain poorly documented. In this study, gross precipitation (P G), stemflow (SF), and TF were monitored in an unmanaged 32-year-old Japanese cypress stand throughout the 2011 rainy season. Results indicate that P G partitioning into TF, SF, and E i were, respectively, 64.2 ± 3.6, 10.6 ± 0.6, and 25.2 ± 1.1 % of the 880.8 mm cumulative P G from 29 rainfall events. Direct throughfall proportion (p) and drainage from the canopy contributed about 14 ± 7 and 50 ± 21 % of the total TF for the events, respectively. The mean canopy storage capacity (S) was 2.4 ± 0.7 mm. The coefficient of variability (CV) of TF rate decreased asymptotically with increasing P G amount, ranging from 16 to 56 % with median 26 %. The CV of TF rate was not significantly correlated with canopy cover (r = 0.152, P = 0.521, n = 20) and distance from the nearest trunk (r = 0.196, P = 0.408, n = 20). Based on the revised Gash analytical model, the total simulated E i was close to the observed, with a general underestimation magnitude of 5.7 %. The E i components were quantified, and most of the interception loss (62.9 %) evaporated during rainfall, while 26.8 % evaporated after rainfall ceased. Climatic and forest structural parameters required by the model were identified and analyzed by sensitivity analysis, implying that the revised Gash analytical model is robust and reliable enough for abandoned Japanese cypress plantations in a maritime climate. 相似文献
20.
Shokoohinia Y Chianese G Zolfaghari B Sajjadi SE Appendino G Taglialatela-Scafati O 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(3):317-322
An acetone extract from the aerial parts of Euphorbia bungei afforded three new (2, 3 and 5) and one known (4) macrocyclic diterpenoids. Several cycloartane triterpenoids were also obtained, two of which (6a and 6b) were assayed for antiviral effects. The structures of all new compounds were elucidated using modern spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR and HRMS. 相似文献