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1.
海南香蕉园土壤肥力研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过对海南西部儋州、临高、东方、昌江和乐东5个主要香蕉产区0~20 cm土层的65个蕉园土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,土壤pH偏低,88.08%的土壤pH<5.5,儋州、临高地区则100%的土样pH<5.5;全区土壤中41.54%的土壤有机质含量低于10 g.kg-1、35.38%的土壤碱解氮含量低于60 mg.kg-1、38.47%的速效磷含量低于10 mg.kg-1、26.93%的交换性钙含量低于2.5 cmol( ).kg-1、87.50%的交换性镁含量低于0.4 cmol( ).kg-1、38.46%的有效硫含量低于12 mg.kg-1和72.31%的有效铜的含量低于2.0 mg.kg-1,所有土样的有效硼含量均低于0.5 mg.kg-1。又以乐东地区土壤肥力水平最低,80.77%的土壤有机质、73.08%的土壤碱解氮、34.62%土壤速效磷、53.85%交换性钙、96.15%的交换性镁、42.31%的土壤有效硫、92.31%的土壤有效铜的含量小于临界值。  相似文献   

2.
重庆市植烟区土壤硼素状况及施硼效应的研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
通过田间采样和田间试验对重庆市植烟区土壤有效硼含量以及施硼效应进行了研究。结果表明,重庆市植烟区土壤有效硼含量在0.07~1.99 mg.kg-1之间,平均为0.43 mg.kg-1,普遍低于烟株正常生长所需的有效硼含量。通过增施硼肥不仅可以促进烟株生长发育,有效提高烟叶的干物质积累量,而且烤烟的产量和品质也有不同程度的提高。与单纯施用氮磷钾肥相比,武隆县和彭水县烟叶产量均以基施硼肥30 kg.hm-2最高;武隆以浇施硼肥7.5 kg.hm-2产值最高,彭水则以基施硼肥30 kg.hm-2最高。  相似文献   

3.
《土壤通报》2015,(4):967-971
在云南丽江烟区采集273个土壤样品和烟叶样品进行分析化验。结果表明,丽江市植烟土壤中微量营养元素含量存在较大的差异,土壤平均交换性钙含量为3338.82 mg kg-1,交换性镁342.26 mg kg-1,有效锌2.21 mg kg-1,有效硼0.54 mg kg-1,有效钼0.44 mg kg-1,水溶性氯38.37 mg kg-1。植烟土壤交换性钙、交换性镁和有效钼含量整体比较充足,有效锌含量整体适宜,有效硼含量普遍缺乏;尽管土壤中水溶性氯含量较高,但烟叶中氯含量较低。为此生产上提出了"控镁和补硼"的施肥措施,对于连年干旱且水溶性氯含量高的植烟土壤要严禁施用含氯肥料。  相似文献   

4.
以云南陆良植烟土壤为基础,利用田间调查取样和室内测定检测方法,分析了319份土壤有效硼、有效锌和对应C3F烟叶硼、锌、化学成分、多酚类物质和感官质量,拟找出适宜的土壤有效硼和有效锌含量区间,指导调控烤烟微肥营养。结果表明:(1)土壤有效硼、锌平均含量分别为0.54、2.74 mg·kg-1,空间变异较强,两者均有近1/3呈偏低水平;(2)土壤硼和烟叶硼、土壤锌和烟叶锌元素间的关系为极显著正线性相关,而烟叶硼随土壤有效锌含量的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,烟叶锌与有效硼关系与之相似,均表现为曲线相关;(3)中等含量土壤有效硼与高含量有效锌交互可显著提高烟叶硼、锌含量和多酚类物质总量,提升烟叶的感官质量,同时烟叶化学成分可用性指数(CCUI)表现最高。其中有效硼、有效锌及其互作对烟叶CCUI总变异贡献率分别为61.5%、9.0%、29.5%,对多酚类物质总量的贡献率分别为52.9%、33.0%、14.1%,对感官质量的贡献率分别为58.7%、20.2%、21.1%;(4)综合分析结果,当土壤有效硼含量为0.6~0.7 mg·kg-1、有效锌为3.0~4.0 mg·kg-1时,烟叶硼、锌含量均保持较高水平,同时烟叶内在品质最佳。  相似文献   

5.
我国烤烟中部烟叶硼含量特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据对2001至2004年4年来自20个省(市)363个烤烟中部烟叶硼含量的测定,研究分析了我国烤烟中部烟叶硼含量变化特征,结果表明:1)烟叶硼含量平均为29.84 mg.kg-1,变异系数为46.9%;2)不同品种烤烟烟叶硼含量差异极显著,其中K326硼含量最高,为34.61 mg.kg-1,云烟87硼含量最低,为26.13 mg.kg-1;3)不同省(市)烟叶硼含量差异显著,江西省最高,为45.23 mg.kg-1,重庆最低,为17.09 mg.kg-1;4)不同年份烟叶硼含量差异极显著,硼含量和变异有减小的趋势;5)同一烤烟品种K326中部烟叶硼含量在参试省(市)差异极显著。除河南外,其它省(市)K326烟叶硼含量差异不显著。  相似文献   

6.
为了探明云南省香蕉主要种植区土壤肥力状况,对云南省德宏州、西双版纳州、红河州等香蕉主要种植区蕉园土壤进行田间调查和取样分析。结果显示,64.52%蕉园土壤pH低于5.5;64.52%蕉园土壤有机质含量低于20 g·kg-1;45.16%蕉园土壤全氮含量低于1.0 g·kg-1,51.2%蕉园土壤碱解氮含量大于120mg·kg-1;64.52%蕉园土壤有效磷含量高于40 mg·kg-1;64.52%蕉园土壤速效钾含量高于250 mg·kg-1;61.29%蕉园土壤有效钙含量高于1000mg·kg-1;67.74%蕉园土壤有效镁含量高于200 mg·kg-1;80.64%蕉园土壤有效铜含量高于1.0mg·kg-1;96.77%蕉园土壤有效铁含量高于20 mg·kg-1;90.33%蕉园土壤有效锰含量高于20 mg·kg-1;9.68%蕉园土壤有效锌含量低于1.0 mg·kg-1。土壤酸性强,有机质含量低是云南省主要香蕉种植区面临的主要问题。  相似文献   

7.
云南省施肥及土壤养分变化分析   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
为了掌握云南省农业生产中肥料施用量及施肥结构、土壤养分含量状况及其变化,对云南实施测土配方施肥项目的28个县16 000余农户的施肥情况进行调查,并采集土样分析化验,统计结果表明,云南化肥施用氮磷钾的比例由1989年的1∶0.34∶0.09提高到2008年的1∶0.33∶0.20,施肥比例有较大改善,但钾素总量仍不足;耕地土壤有机质含量较第二次土壤普查大幅下降,平均含量为28.14 g·kg-1,较第二次土壤普查下降49.93%;土壤磷含量明显增加,平均值达到22.7 mg·kg-1,比土壤普查增加61.0%.耕地土壤缺乏硼、钼、锌的比例较大,缺水溶态硼比例达78.26%,缺有效钼比例48.34%,缺有效锌比例28.84%.  相似文献   

8.
潜江市土壤养分空间分布及其水系对它的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
结合地统计与GIS技术研究潜江市土壤养分的空间分布特征及其影响因素,结果表明:潜江市土壤养分呈西高东低的格局,按照全国第2次土壤普查的土壤养分分级标准评估,发现潜江市有机质低于20 g kg-1的土壤占21.4%,碱解氮低于90 mg kg-1的土壤占24.9%,有效磷低于10 mg kg-1土壤占18.5%,速效钾低于100 mg kg-1的土壤占0.3%。其余部分土壤处于中等丰富状况,其中速效钾大于100 mg kg-1的土壤占到99.7%,说明潜江市不缺速效钾。定量分析水系密集区和水系稀疏区土壤养分含量,发现水系密集区土壤养分平均含量高于水系稀疏区土壤养分平均含量,有机质高1.36 g kg-1、碱解氮高10.13 mg kg-1、有效磷高0.32 mg kg-1、速效钾6.62 mg kg-1。方差分析发现,水系密集区和水系稀疏区土壤养分含量存在显著差异,说明水系对土壤养分的空间分布具有重要影响,对解释水系密集区土壤养分沿水系成带状分布具有重要价值。  相似文献   

9.
设施菜地土壤养分演变规律及对地下水威胁的研究   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13  
1994~1997年山东寿光设施蔬菜年平均施肥量达到N 1351.2kg hm-2、P2O5 1701.2kg hm-2和K2O 539.6kg hm-2;2004年与1997年相比,氮肥和磷肥的用量减少,钾肥的用量增加,有机养分的比例增加。日光温室蔬菜氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的表观利用率分别为21.33%、2.82%、61.34%。蔬菜土壤有机质含量高于露地土壤。寿光日光温室土壤中碱解氮含量平均205.4mg kg-1;速效磷的含量平均为225.2mg kg-1,具有明显的积累效应,与设施种植时间之间存在极显著的相关性(r=0.550**,n=35);土壤速效钾含量最高为369.7mg kg-1,也具有明显的积累效应,与设施使用时间具有极显著的相关性(r=0.502**,n=35)。设施表层土壤中水溶性钙的含量平均为336.0mg kg-1,土壤水溶性镁的含量平均为70.6mg kg-1。日光温室土壤中微量元素除硼外,含量均高于露地土壤。地下水硝酸盐污染严重,而且上升迅速。  相似文献   

10.
辽宁昌图县玉米种植区棕壤有效氮、磷、钾含量状况分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
辽宁昌图县玉米种植区棕壤进行实地调查后采集具有代表性的土壤样品进行分析测定。经测试分析:该地区土壤有效氮含量较低,平均为83.8 mg kg-1;有效磷含量"极高,"平均为35.1 mg kg-1;有效钾含量较低,平均为97.3 mg kg-1。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this 2-year field experiment was to investigate agronomic and economic efficiency of ground tire rubber and rubber ash as zinc (Zn) sources for wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Kavir and Back Cross) compared with a commercial zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). A similar rate of Zn was used by soil incorporation of 40 kg/ha ZnSO4, 200 kg/ha waste tire rubber ash, and 1000 kg/ha ground rubber. A no Zn added treatment was also considered as control. All Zn fertilizers significantly increased grain yield of wheat over the control, although effectiveness of rubber ash was greater than the other Zn sources. Wheat plants treated with rubber ash accumulated higher Zn in their grains compared with those treated with ground rubber and ZnSO4. Tire rubber ash had the highest agronomic and economic efficiency and contained low levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Therefore, it can be used as an economic substitution for commercial ZnSO4.  相似文献   

12.
《Soil biology & biochemistry》2001,33(7-8):907-912
Dissolved gases in saturated soils and waters are usually monitored by the gas extraction equilibration technique (EET). A novel sampling technique, using silicone tubing, was developed and tested with dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The device consists of a silicone cell encased in a PVC pipe through which a continuous flow of water was maintained. Dissolved gases diffuse through the silicone membrane into the cell. Air samples were withdrawn from the silicone cell headspace, and gas phase concentrations were converted into dissolved N2O and CO2 using Henry's law coefficients. Effluent from the PVC pipe was also collected into evacuated bottles, and dissolved gases content was determined using EET. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two techniques. Regression analysis between concentrations of dissolved N2O and CO2 obtained using the new method (Y) and EET (X) yielded the following relationships: Y=0.961 X (R2=0.996) and Y=1.01 X (R2=0.756) for N2O and CO2, respectively. Equilibration time between gas and liquid phases across the silicone membrane varies with gaseous species, membrane thickness, temperature, and the silicone cell dimensions (volume to area ratio). After nearly 1 year of operation, no indication of microbial growth on the membrane was found. These results confirm the development of a new, accurate and versatile technique to monitor dissolved gases.  相似文献   

13.
中国橡胶种植生命周期评价研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
应用生命周期评价方法, 以我国橡胶种植为例, 把橡胶种植生命周期划分为原料、农资化、橡胶种植、运输等4 个阶段, 考虑了全球变暖(GWP)、环境酸化(AP)、水体富营养化(EP)、光化学烟雾形成(POCP)、人体健康损害(HTP)、不可更新资源消耗(ADP)等6 类潜在影响, 对得到1 kg 橡胶(以干胶计)的潜在环境影响进行了分析评价。结果表明, 我国橡胶种植的各类影响排序为AP>EP>GWP>HTP>POCP>ADP, 其影响指数分别为1.76E-12、4.31E-13、1.37E-13、1.96E-15、9.69E-18、4.88E-19, 单一环境影响指数为4.32E-13。减少化肥施用量、提高施肥有效率是控制整个橡胶种植潜在影响大小的关键, 其在有效降低上游直接生产能耗及其相应排放和下游损失量的基础上, 可有效降低我国橡胶种植的潜在环境影响。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Petunia ’Stereo Red’ and Impatiens ’Impulse Violet’ were grown in soilless potting media that contained either 0, 5, 10, or 20% by volume of ground tire rubber. The pH of half of each medium was adjusted to 5.0 and that of the other half to 6.5. Shoot weights declined with increasing rubber content, due to increasingly severe zinc (Zn) toxicity. Lower shoot weights at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.0 were attributed to manganese (Mn) deficiency that was unrelated to the presence of rubber. Extrapolation from the experimental data indicated that Petunia ’Stereo Red’ would have been damaged by as little as a 2% inclusion of tire rubber. The high risk of Zn toxicity means that ground tire rubber should not be included in soilless potting media.  相似文献   

15.
橡胶林土壤呼吸速率及其与土壤温湿度的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用Li-6400光合仪研究4 a、12 a和19 a橡胶林的土壤呼吸及其各组分(微生物呼吸、根系呼吸、凋落物呼吸)呼吸速率的日变化和年变化特征,探索土壤温度和湿度对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明: 不同树龄橡胶林土壤呼吸速率在全天观测期间,出现最大值和最小值的时刻有很大差异,但在9:00~11:00时刻的测定值均接近日均值;在不同树龄橡胶林中各组分呼吸速率日变化大小虽不一致,但均表现为凋落物呼吸速率最小。4 a、12 a和19 a橡胶林土壤呼吸速率均有明显的月变化,月均值分别是2.45、2.63和2.96 μmol m-2 s-1;最大值出现在7月和8月,最小值出现在2月和3月;不同树龄橡胶林土壤呼吸速率月变化相互间差异不显著;土壤微生物呼吸占土壤呼吸的比例最高(为43.6%),根系呼吸次之(为36.1%),凋落物呼吸较小(为20.4%)。土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度之间具有显著的指数函数关系,但与土壤湿度的相关性不显著,从而得知海南橡胶林土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率有着密切的关系,土壤水分与土壤呼吸速率可能没有直接的关系。  相似文献   

16.
西双版纳橡胶林面积遥感监测和时空变化   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
旨在利用遥感手段监测橡胶林种植面积,探讨橡胶林的林龄划分方法,揭示橡胶林时空格局变化规律,为认识橡胶林的林龄结构、空间扩展模式和理解区域土地利用变化及其生态环境效应提供科学基础。该文基于RS和GIS技术,研究了西双版纳地区橡胶林的生长过程,并提出了基于橡胶林从种植到生长过程的归一化植被指数(NDVI,normalized difference vegetation index)时间序列变化,判断橡胶林的林龄阶段的方法。并进一步从种植面积、空间分布、林龄结构、地类转变关系4个方面,探讨了西双版纳地区1990-2014年橡胶林的时空变化。研究发现:西双版纳橡胶林按年龄阶段可划分为橡胶幼林(0~5 a)、橡胶成林(5~13 a)、橡胶老林(13 a);1990-2014年,橡胶林种植面积总体上呈增加趋势,橡胶林的林龄结构有所变化。1990年橡胶林空间分布从中心到外围为老林-幼林/成林,2000年变为老林-成林-幼林,2010年和2014年为幼林-老林-成林且这一趋势更为明显;西双版纳自然保护区橡胶林种植面积和种植密度远远低于非自然保护区。橡胶林扩张以侵占天然林为代价,热带季雨林是受橡胶林扩张干扰最强烈的天然林。该研究以2月下旬-4月中旬为提取橡胶林的时间窗口,利用逐旬的归一化植被指数、土壤亮度指数、土壤湿度指数、近红外反射率变化特征提取橡胶林空间分布信息效果较好。此外,基于NDVI阈值的橡胶林林龄阶段判别方法,也具有一定的普适性。  相似文献   

17.
胶辊砻谷机性能参数试验与优化   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
为了提高胶辊砻谷机的工艺性能,确定胶辊砻谷机的最佳工作参数,对胶辊砻谷机的工作参数与工艺效果进行了试验与优化.研究结果表明,在固定流量、快辊线速和线速差的情况下,当胶辊砻谷机辊压为7.0 kg/cm时,脱壳率93.35%、产量146.41 kg/cm·h、胶耗4.63 g、破碎率4.66%等工艺参数都达到最优.同理,在...  相似文献   

18.
A method is described for determining volatile nitrosamines in baby bottle rubber nipples and pacifiers. The method consists of overnight soaking of the sample with dichloromethane in the presence of propyl gallate, an inhibitor for artifactual formation of nitrosamines; extraction with dichloromethane using an ambient temperature column procedure; distillation from aqueous alkali; extraction of the aqueous distillate with dichloromethane and concentration of the extract using a Kuderna-Danish concentrator; and final analysis by gas chromatography with detection by thermal energy analyzer. Major improvements over other published methods include a simpler extraction, a more efficient distillation and concentration to minimize losses, and incorporation of propyl gallate inhibitor as well as of a test to detect unsuitable dichloromethane solvent that otherwise might lead to artifactual formation. The method is highly accurate (approximately 90% recovery) and precise (av. CV = 4.7% at greater than 9 ppb levels) and is applicable to determination of nitrosamines in both rubber- and plastic-based products.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

According to traditional biogeographic theory, historical contingency can influence soil microbial communities. Thus, we ask: are historical contingencies (soil profiles and geographic sampling locations), or other factors (seasonal changes and soil nutrients), important drivers of soil bacterial communities? This study used high throughput sequencing technology to investigate the soil bacterial compositions of rubber plantations at the local and geographic scales. Significant differences were detected in bacterial compositions between two study locations, Xishuangbanna and Hainan Island. Redundancy analysis showed that the most important factor driving bacterial composition was site location and total nitrogen, which explained 38.2 and 38.4% the total variance, respectively; this indicates that historical contingencies drive distinct bacterial communities in rubber plantation soils. At the local scale, there were also distinct differences in soil bacterial compositions between the dry and rainy season in both the Xishuangbanna and Hainan sites. Seasonal changes explained 13.6 and 41.4% of the total variation of soil bacterial composition in Xishuangbanna and on Hainan Island, respectively, whereas other factors had little effect on soil bacterial communities (p < 0.001). In conclusion, our results demonstrate that historical contingencies drive variation in bacterial composition at the geographic scale, whereas seasonal changes influence variation at the local scale.  相似文献   

20.
海南岛胶园土壤肥力的综合评价   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
利用模糊数学方法对海南省胶园土壤肥力进行了评价.胶园土壤肥力单因素评价结果表明,除土壤酸度指标及微量元素指标(有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌)外,有45%以上的土壤样品单因素评价指标隶属度属于中等偏下水平;胶园土壤肥力综合评价结果表明,海南省胶园土壤肥力综合质量指数介于0.30~0.66之间,变异系数为13.04%,平均值为0.47.  相似文献   

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