共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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利用小麦-黑麦的7个附加系为材料,研究了黑麦染色体对籽粒淀粉粒的形成和胚乳细胞数目多少的影响。结果表明,不同的黑麦染色体对淀粉粒的形成有不同的影响,其中4R、6R、7R上可能携载有籽粒皱缩的基因,导致籽粒的不饱满特性。同时不同的黑麦染色体对胚乳细胞分裂持续期和胚乳细胞数的影响也有差异,其中1R和3R可缩短,2R、5R和7R可适当延长胚乳细胞分裂持续期,6R和1R能增加,2R和7R能降低最大胚乳细胞数;各黑麦染色体以不同的方式影响胚乳细胞发育,阻碍淀粉的积累;利用黑麦染色体种质改良小麦,增加其库容能力,关键在授粉后21d内胚乳的形成和发育。 相似文献
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玉米白化突变体As-81647的鉴定及基因定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白化突变体As-81647是在自交系81647的自交后代中发现的自然突变体。光合色素含量测定表明,白化突变体叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量分别为正常植株的0．6％、5．8％和1．6％,推测光合色素含量的减少导致突变体光合作用强度减弱,无法利用光能进行营养生长,进而造成突变体产生白化表型,三叶期左右萎蔫死亡。组织细胞染色实验证实H2O2的积累可能是造成突变体细胞死亡的直接原因之一。本研究构建了As-81647杂合突变体与蒙自2的杂交F2分离群体,遗传分析表明该白化性状由一对隐性核基因控制,暂时命名为As-81647（Albino seeding一81647）。利用已公布的SSR分子标记和本实验室开发的分子标记,将该基因定位在玉米第3染色体umc1052和ume1641之间,遗传距离分别为0．7cM和2．8cM且与分子标记as47共分离。 相似文献
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Specification of cell fate in the compound eye of Drosophila appears to be controlled entirely by cell interactions. The sevenless gene is required for the correct determination of one of the eight photoreceptor cells (R7) in each ommatidium. It encodes a transmembrane protein with a tyrosine kinase domain and is expressed transiently on a subpopulation of ommatidial precursor cells including the R7 precursors. It is shown here that heat shock-induced indiscriminate expression of a sevenless complementary DNA throughout development can correctly specify R7 cell identity without affecting the development of other cells. Furthermore, discontinuous supply of sevenless protein during eye development leads to the formation of mosaic eyes containing stripes of sevenless+ and sevenless- ommatidia, suggesting that R7 cell fate can be specified only within a relatively short period during ommatidial assembly. These results support the hypothesis that the specification of cell fate by position depends on the interaction of a localized signal with a receptor present on many undifferentiated cells, and that the mere presence of the receptor alone is not sufficient to specify cell fate. 相似文献
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The restoration of catalytic activity to mutant enzymes by small molecules is well established for in vitro systems. Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Src arginine-388-->alanine (R388A) mutant can be rescued in live cells with the use of the small molecule imidazole. Cellular rescue of a viral Src homolog was rapid and reversible and conferred predicted oncogenic properties. Using chemical rescue in combination with mass spectrometry, we confirmed six known Src kinase substrates and identified several new protein targets. Chemical rescue data suggest that cellular Src is active under basal conditions. Rescue of R388A cellular Src provided insights into the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This chemical rescue approach will likely have many applications in cell signaling. 相似文献
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A biochemical screening procedure was developed to identify mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana in which the polysaccharide composition of the cell wall was altered. Over 5000 ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized plants were analyzed by this method, leading to the identification of 38 mutant lines. One complementation group of mutants was completely deficient in l-fucose, a constituent of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides. These mutant plants were dwarfed in growth habit, and their cell walls were considerably more fragile than normal. 相似文献
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Cell-cell junctions are distributed evenly around the lateral circumference of cells within an epithelium. We find that the even distribution of adherens junctions is an active process that requires the small guanosine triphosphatase Rap1. Cells mutant for Rap1 condensed their adherens junctions to one side of the cell. This disrupted normal epithelial cell behavior, and mutant cell clones dispersed into the surrounding wild-type tissue. Rap1 is enriched at adherens junctions, particularly between newly divided sister cells where it may reseal the adherens junction ring. The regulation of adherens junction positioning could play a role in cell mobility and cell division. 相似文献
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中国冬小麦品种Waxy蛋白分析及分子标记研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
利用SDS-PAGE分析了国内外306份小麦品种（系）Waxy蛋白的缺失类型，筛选出缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的材料46份；通过对济麦19×豫麦47的120个F2单株Waxy蛋白亚基分析，发现缺失Wx-B1的比例接近1/4，符合孟德尔分离规律。利用3个STS标记和1个SSR标记对不同Waxy蛋白缺失类型进行鉴定，验证其在分子标记辅助育种中的有效性。结果表明，Wx-7A位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条1 172 bp的特异带，而缺失Wx-A1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有扩增出该特异带；Wx-4A位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条440 bp的特异带，缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有该扩增片段；Wx-7D位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条940 bp的特异带，而在缺失Wx-D1蛋白亚基的突变材料中则扩增出1条360 bp的特异带；Wx-7D位点的SSR引物在野生型中扩增出1条204 bp的特异带，在缺失Wx-D1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有扩增出该特异带。这4个标记可以用于分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
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Cyclosporin A, a potent immunosuppressive agent, has been widely used to treat patients with solid organ transplants. Although its precise mechanism of action is unknown, it appears to inhibit subsets of T lymphocytes at an early stage in cell activation. Fluorescent, fully active derivatives of cyclosporin A and calmodulin, a protein that binds calcium and is therefore essential to normal cell function, were utilized to demonstrate that cyclosporin A binds to calmodulin. Flow cytometry showed that the calmodulin inhibitors R24571 and W-7 competitively inhibited binding of cyclosporin A to cloned T lymphocytes. Cyclosporin A inhibited the calmodulin-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase in a dose-dependent manner. Binding of cyclosporin A to calmodulin may prevent the latter's role in the activation of the second messengers and enzymes required for effective cell proliferation and function in the immune response. 相似文献
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棉花转录因子基因GhMS3的克隆及其启动子功能的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
【目的】从棉花无短绒突变体GZnn中分离棉纤维发育相关的转录因子,并对其转录激活功能和表达模式进行初步分析。【方法】通过RACE(rapid amplification of the cDNA ends)和染色体步行(genome walking)技术,获得GhMS3的cDNA序列及基因组DNA序列。利用生物信息学方法对获得的DNA序列及推定的氨基酸序列进行分析,采用酵母单杂交系统验证GhMS3蛋白的转录激活功能,运用GUS组织化学染色法在转基因烟草中分析该基因的表达模式。【结果】获得GhMS3的基因组DNA以及上游1174bp的启动子序列。氨基酸序列比对发现GhMS3是R2R3 MYB转录因子。酵母试验表明,GhMS3蛋白具体外转录激活功能,C端体外转录激活功能较强,在PGhMS3:GUS转基因烟草中,GUS主要在表皮毛、根毛以及细胞分裂旺盛区域表达。【结论】从棉花无短绒突变体GZnn中分离到的R2R3 MYB转录因子GhMS3,具有组织特异性表达模式并且其编码蛋白具有体外转录激活功能,是否参与植物表皮细胞分化有待于进一步研究。 相似文献
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Mutants on stalk strength are essential materials for the studies on the formation of plant cell wall. In this study, a brittle stalk mutant of maize, designated as Bk-x, was screened from a Mutator inserted mutant library. At the germination and early seedling stage, the mutant plants were indistinguishable from the normal ones. However, all of the plant organs were brittle after the 5th-leaf stage and remained brittle throughout the rest of the growing period. Microstructure observation showed that the cell wall in vascular bundle sheath of Bk-x was thinner than that in normal plants. The leaf mechanical strength in Bk-x was 77.9% of that in normal plants growing at Xishuangbanna (BN), Yunnan province and that was 61.7% in Wuhan (WH), Hubei Province, China. The proportion of cellulose was 12.3% in Bk-x, which was significantly lower than that in normal plants (26.7%), while the soluble sugar content was 36.1% in Bk-x, which is significantly higher than that in normal plants (12.4%). Genetic analysis using two F2 populations and one F2:3 families demonstrated that the trait of brittle stalk is controlled by a single recessive gene. 相似文献
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【目的】克隆家蚕卵黄原蛋白受体（vitellogenin receptor, VgR）,分析其在昆虫细胞中的表达特征,了解正常VgR和突变VgR的表达模式,为阐明其生物学功能提供参考依据。【方法】基于家蚕VgR的基因编码序列设计特异引物,扩增的目的片段连接到载体pET28a上,构建原核表达载体,转化E. coil BL21（DE3）表达菌株,IPTG诱导获得目的蛋白;用镍柱亲和层析方法纯化诱导表达的家蚕VgR肽蛋白;将纯化后的肽蛋白制备BmVgR的兔源多克隆抗体;PCR扩增获得大造和突变型白妙卵（scanty vitellin,vit）的LBD1+EGF1结构域（C11D和C11V）片段,连接到细胞表达载体上,通过细胞转染表达目的蛋白,采用细胞免疫组化检测大造和突变型vit的VgR在细胞里的表达情况;通过Western blot检测细胞培养液中大造和突变型vit VgR的表达量。【结果】原核表达获得了一个大小约为22 kD的融合蛋白,以包涵体形式表达;镍柱亲和层析初纯化得到BmVgR的肽蛋白,进一步切胶纯化后,以此为抗原制备BmVgR的兔源多克隆抗体,其抗体效价＞1﹕512 000,纯度为95%以上。转录水平检测表明Sf9和Spli221昆虫细胞中没有BmVgR和BmVg内源基因的表达;在Sf9昆虫细胞中成功表达了家蚕野生型和突变型vit BmVgR的结构域SP+LBD1+EGF1肽段,家蚕突变型vit在BmVgR第1个表皮生长因子同源区域的第3个ClassB区域有编码50个氨基酸残基的核酸序列缺失;细胞免疫组化试验表明,突变型和正常型的C11V和C11D都能在Sf9细胞质中正常表达;制备的BmVgR兔源多克隆抗体和Myc标签抗体同时检测到细胞表达的目的蛋白,表明试验所制备的VgR抗体特异性较好;由于SP+LBD1+EGF1肽段存在信号肽,细胞表达的蛋白会分泌进入细胞培养液中,Western blot对培养液进行蛋白检测,表明突变型vit存在氨基酸缺失,但并不影响肽蛋白的正常表达,且表达量没有明显差异。【结论】EGF1结构域的缺失并不影响SP+LBD1+EGF1肽蛋白的正常表达,可能是其蛋白功能异常导致突变型vit表型产生。 相似文献
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Tumor formation dependent on proteoglycan biosynthesis 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
The role proteoglycans play in tumor formation was examined by measuring the tumorigenicity of proteoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants in nude mice. When 10(7) cells were injected subcutaneously, mutants with less than about 15% of the wild-type level of proteoglycan synthesis did not produce tumors. Mutants defective in the synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans also did not form tumors, whereas mutants with altered chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans were tumorigenic. Tumors arose from mixtures of wild-type and nontumorigenic mutant cells and contained both cell types, suggesting that wild-type cell proteoglycans enabled mutant cells to survive. The failure of heparan sulfate-deficient mutants to form tumors depended on the ability of the host to mount a B cell-mediated immune reaction. 相似文献
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板栗短雄花序有利于减少树体营养消耗。雄花短化的机理研究对新种质的培育与利用有重要意义。试验从发育中的板栗芽变短雄花序cDNA中获得一个酰基转移酶cDNA全长。该结构基因包括一个1 335bp的开放阅读框,编码一个含445个氨基酸的完整阅读框架,预测蛋白的相对分子质量约为49kD,无跨膜结构。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析发现该酶在正常花序和芽变花序发育过程中表达量存在差异,短雄花序顶端死亡脱落时该基因表达量显著高于正常雄花序。初步推断在短雄花序生长发育过程中,该酶参与了花序顶端细胞的程序性死亡过程,其较高的表达是造成雄花序顶端死亡的原因之一。 相似文献
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本研究从毛果杨基因组中克隆一个NRT2家族的新基因PtNRT2.7。生物信息学分析显示,其编码的蛋白不存在信号肽及切割位点,属于非分泌蛋白;具有11个跨膜结构域,亲水区与输水区交替分布,主要分布于细胞膜,而且该基因的亚细胞定位分析显示该蛋白定位于细胞膜,综合以上结果可判断此蛋白为膜蛋白。对其在毛果杨的表达特征分析显示,PtNRT2.7基因主要在叶片中表达,其中成熟叶中的表达量最高;PtNRT2.7基因受硝酸盐诱导并在1 h时达到表达峰值;SA、JA、GA或IAA激素处理可诱导PtNRT2.7基因表达,而在Eth、ABA或NaCl处理下该基因的表达受抑制。利用农杆菌花序侵染法转化野生型拟南芥和突变体(nrt2.7),显示在KNO3浓度大于0.1 mmol/L时,PtNRT2.7过表达株系相比较拟南芥野生型和突变体株系促进了根的生长,而atnrt2.7突变体在KNO3浓度大于1 mmol/L的条件下抑制了根的生长,且PtNRT2.7过表达atnrt2.7突变体株系可恢复正常生长。研究结果表明,PtNRT2.7可以由硝酸盐和激素诱导并增强植物根系的生长,提高氮素的吸收利用。 相似文献
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Wakayama T Tabar V Rodriguez I Perry AC Studer L Mombaerts P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,292(5517):740-743
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are fully pluripotent in that they can differentiate into all cell types, including gametes. We have derived 35 ES cell lines via nuclear transfer (ntES cell lines) from adult mouse somatic cells of inbred, hybrid, and mutant strains. ntES cells contributed to an extensive variety of cell types, including dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons in vitro and germ cells in vivo. Cloning by transfer of ntES cell nuclei could result in normal development of fertile adults. These studies demonstrate the full pluripotency of ntES cells. 相似文献
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SHEN Hai-chao SHI Yong-feng FENG Bao-hua WANG Hui-mei XU Xia HUANG Qi-na LU Xiang-guang WU Jian-li 《农业科学学报》2014,13(4):713-721
A spotted-leaf mutant of rice HM143 was isolated from an EMS-induced IR64 mutant bank. Brown lesions randomly distributed on leaf blades were observed about 3 wk after sowing. The symptom lasted for the whole plant growth duration. Histochemical analysis indicated that cell death occurred in and around the site of necrotic lesions accompanied with accumulation of hydrogen hyperoxide. Agronomic traits were largely similar to the wild type IR64 except seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight which were significantly decreased in the mutant. Disease resistance of the mutant to multiple races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was significantly enhanced. Genetic analysis showed that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively termed splHM143. In addition, using molecular markers and 1023 mutant type individuals from an F2 segregating population derived from the cross HM143/R9308, the spotted-leaf gene was finally delimited to an interval of 149 kb between markers XX25 and ID40 on the long arm of chromosome 4. splHM143 is likely a novel rice spotted-leaf gene since no other similar genes have been identified near the chromosomal region. 相似文献
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