共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
Natural Variation of Leaf Thickness and Its Association to Yield Traits in indica Rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LIU Chuan-guang ZHOU Xin-qiao CHEN Da-gang LI Li-jun LI Ju-chang CHEN You-ding 《农业科学学报》2014,13(2):316-325
Leaf thickness is an important morphological trait in rice. Its association to the yield potential, as of now has not been documented because of the shortage of the equipment which could conveniently measure the leaf thickness in rice. In this study, the thickness of top three leaves of 208 cultivars had been determined by a nondestructive rice leaf thickness instrument for the research of the natural variation of leaves thickness and its association to yield traits in indica rice. The results showed that the flag leaf was the thickest, and the 2nd leaf was thicker than the 3rd leaf. Analysis of variance indicated the existence of wide genetic diversity of leaf thickness among the investigated indica rice genotypes. The tight correlation among the thicknesses of the top three leaves means that the leaf thickness traits share one genetic control system. Leaf thickness had a significant positive correlation with leaf length and a positive correlation with leaf width, indicated that thicker leaf was beneficial to increasing the single leaf area. The results of correlation analysis revealed that thicker leaf should be profitable to the leaf erection, higher numbers of grains per panicle and higher grains weight per panicle. However, the significantly negative correlation between leaf thickness and number of panicles per plant counteracted the profitability from increased grains weight per panicle, so that the correlations of the thicknesses of the top three leaves to yield and biomass were positive but not significantly. It has made great progress in the genetic improvement of leaves thickness in inbred indica rice breeding in Guangdong Province, China, since the 1990s. 相似文献
2.
This study was designed to analyze the genetic relationship of the morphological traits of the northern japonica hybrid rice. The genetic relationship of the morphological traits of the 100 cultivars combined by the 10 sterile lines and the 10 restore lines was studied by using the principle component analysis and the SAS and QGA. The results showed that compared with the female parent, most of the morphological traits related closely to their father. The additive genetic effect and the dominant genetic effect appeared significantly, and the former was more significant than the latter. Genetic correlation analysis indicated that high plants or high plants with more leaves were in favor of improving the number and the weight of the spike and producing the hybrid vigor. The important factors influencing the plant type of the northern japonica hybrid rice were the plant height （PH）, the angle of the flag leaf （FLA）, flag leaf length （FLL）, and the weight of the shoots and leaves （SLW）, respectively. The morphological traits system of the northern japonica hybrid rice was very complex, and the restore line should be given more importance compared with the sterile line, and PH, FLA, FLL, and SLW should be considered first in the plant type breeding. 相似文献
3.
MA Jun MA Wen-bo MING Dong-feng YANG Shi-ming ZHU Qing-sen 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(12):911-918
Using 15 indica rice varieties with different panicle weight, some ideal plant type characteristics in heavy panicle type of hybrid rice （HPT） and their relation to yield and its components were studied. Results showed that the leaf area index （LAI） of the HPT varieties was lower than that of medium panicle type （MPT） and light panicle type （LPT） varieties, but its decreasing rate of LAI and efficient LAI after heading was slower and had much higher percentage of efficient LAI, specific leaf weight, and ratio of grain to leaf area （cm^2） in comparison with the MPT and the LPT varieties. The length, width, thickness, and area of top three leaves of the HPT varieties were significantly larger than those of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and these components of top three leaves were significantly and positively correlated with the number of spikelets and filled grains, grain weight per panicle, and grain yield. The flag leaf in HPT varieties was erect with sorrow leaf angle, and their leaf angle of 2nd and 3rd leaf from top increased in sequence. The plant height of the HPT varieties was higher than that of the MPT and the LPT varieties, and their leaf site of top three leaves also increased in sequence. Therefore, HPT varieties as an ideal plant type could increase the utilization efficiency of sunlight energy. The ideal plant type characteristics and their adjuncts for the HPT varieties are proposed in this article. 相似文献
4.
Quality Characteristics of Tobacco Leaves with Different Aromatic Styles from Guizhou Province, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
QIN Song WANG Zheng-yin SHI Jun-xiong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(2):220-226
The relationships between chemical components and quality indexes were studied in the tobacco leaves with different aromatic styles. A total of 16 chemical components, 4 quality indexes, and 6 smoking quality indexes from 366 tobacco leaf samples with 4 different types of aroma from Guizhou Province, China, were subjected to principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The tobacco leaves with different types of aroma showed remarkable difference in the contents of chemical components, quality indexes, and smoking quality indexes. The first principal factors （carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds） of the chemical composition of the leaf were similar among different types of aroma, which showed that the quality of the leaf was mainly influenced by carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds and their ratios. The factors for the second through the seventh principal components varied largely among varioUs aromatic types, suggesting the contribution of other chemical components to the leaf quality. In addition, the smoking quality of four different aromatic leaves showed significant correlation with the different chemical components. The quality of tobacco leaves with different types of aroma was influenced by multiple factors, especially ecological conditions and culture techniques, which may provide guidance for directive cultivation of high-quality tobacco leaves. 相似文献
5.
The Relationship Between Developmental Accumulation of Leaf Soluble Proteins and Vernalization Response of Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.em. Thell） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The relationship between vernalization requirement and quantitative and qualitative changes in total leaf soluble proteins were determined in one spring （cv. Kohdasht） and two winter （cvs. Sardari and Norstar） cultivars of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） exposed to 4℃. Plants were sampled on days 2, 14, 21 and 35 of exposure to 4℃. The final leaf number （FLN） was determined throughout the vernalization periods （0, 7, 14, 24, and 35 d） at 4℃. The final leaf number decreased until days 24 and 35 in Sardari and Norstar eultivars, respectively, indicating the vernalization saturation at these times. No clear changes were detected in the final leaf number of Kohdash cultivar, verifying no vernalization requirement for this spring wheat cultivar. Comparing with control, clear cold-induced 2-fold increases in proteins quantity occurred after 48 h following the 4℃-treatment in the leaves of the both winter wheat cultivars but, such response was not detected in the spring cultivar. However, the electrophoretic protein patterns showed between-cultivar and between-temperature treatment differences. With increasing exposure time to 4℃, the winter cultivars tended to produce more HMW polypeptides than the spring cultivar. Similar proteins were induced in both Sardari and Norstar winter wheat cultivars, however, the long vernalization requirement in Norstar resulted in high level and longer duration of expression of cold-induced proteins compared to Sardari with a short vernalization requirement. These observations indicate that vernalization response regulates the expression of low temperature （LT） tolerance proteins and determines the duration of expression of LT- induced proteins. 相似文献
6.
The genetic diversity of 79 accessions regenerated from ＂miniature seeds＂ of loquat （Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. ＇Dawuxing＇） was analyzed based on 13 morphological characteristics of leaves in this study, in order to provide important morphological basis for breeding new varieties and materials through ＂miniature seed＂ breeding method in loquat. The results showed that there was abundant genetic diversity in leaf morphological characteristics of regenerated plants （D=0.785）, especially indicated by diversity indexes of leaf length （D=0.991）, leaf width （D=0.994）, petiole length （D=0.982）, petiole thickness （D=0.995） and leaf thickness （D=0.987）. And all the characteristic values varied broadly with coefficients of variation ranging from 9.84% to 40.09%; 79 accessions were divided into 6 groups by UPGMA method, there were significant differences in leaf morphological traits among the 6 groups; Group I and group VI were quite different from other groups and parent plants （cv. ＂Dawuxing＂）. The leaves of group I were darkgreen, large, hard and thick with long and thick petioles; while those of group VI were yellowgreen, small, thin and soft with slender petioles. These two groups were important excellent germplasm. Based on the abundant genetic diversity in leaf morphological characteristics, the breeding via ＂miniature seeds＂ was considered as an efficient method for broadening the germplasm resources and breeding new varieties of loquat. 相似文献
7.
QIAN Ting-ting ;LU Sheng-lian ;ZHAO Chun-jiang ;GUO Xin-yu ;WEN Wei-liang ;DU jian-jun 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(12):2645-2655
Detailed analysis of canopy structural heterogeneity is an essential step in conducting parameters for a canopy structural model. This paper aims to analyze the structural heterogeneity of a cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） canopy by means of analyzing leaf distribution in a greenhouse environment with natural sunlight and also to assess the effect of structural canopy heterogeneity on light interception and photosynthesis. Two experiments and four measurements were carried out in autumn 2011 and spring 2012. A static virtual three-dimensional （3D） canopy structure was reconstructed using a 3D digitizing method. The diurnal variation of photosynthesis rate was measured using CIRAS-2 photosynthesis system. The results showed that, leaf azimuth as tested with the Rayleigh-test was homogeneous at vine tip over stage but turned heterogeneous at fruit harvest stage. After eliminating the inlfuence of the environment on the azimuth using the von Mises-Fisher method, the angle between two successive leaves was 144°;at the same time, a rule for the azimuth distribution in the canopy was established, stating that the azimuth distribution in cucumber followed a law which was positive spin and anti-spin. Leaf elevation angle of south-oriented leaves was on average 13.8° higher than that of north-oriented leaves. The horizontal distribution of light interception and photosynthesis differed signiifcantly between differently oriented leaves. East-and west-oriented leaves exhibited the highest photosynthetic rate. In conclusion, detailed analysis of canopy structural heterogeneity in this study indicated that leaf azimuth and elevation angle were heterogeneous in cucumber canopy and they should be explicitly described as they have a great impact both on light distribution and photosynthesis. 相似文献
8.
This paper was to develop a model for simulating the leaf color changes in rice （Oryza sativa L.） based on RGB （red, green, and blue） values. Based on rice experiment data with different cultivars and nitrogen （N） rates, the time-course RGB values of each leaf on main stem were collected during the growth period in rice, and a model for simulating the dynamics of leaf color in rice was then developed using quantitative modeling technology. The results showed that the RGB values of leaf color gradually decreased from the initial values （light green） to the steady values （green） during the first stage, remained the steady values （green） during the second stage, then gradually increased to the final values （from green to yellow） during the third stage. The decreasing linear functions, constant functions and increasing linear functions were used to simulate the changes in RGB values of leaf color at the first, second and third stages with growing degree days （GDD）, respectively; two cultivar parameters, MatRGB （leaf color matrix） and AR （a vector composed of the ratio of the cumulative GDD of each stage during color change process of leaf n to that during leaf n drawn under adequate N status）, were introduced to quantify the genetic characters in RGB values of leaf color and in durations of different stages during leaf color change, respectively; FN （N impact factor） was used to quantify the effects of N levels on RGB values of leaf color and on durations of different stages during leaf color change; linear functions were applied to simulate the changes in leaf color along the leaf midvein direction during leaf development process. Validation of the models with the independent experiment dataset exhibited that the root mean square errors （RMSE） between the observed and simulated RGB values were among 8 to 13, the relative RMSE （RRMSE） were among 8 to 10%, the mean absolute differences （da） were among 3.85 to 6.90, and the ratio of da to the mean observation values （Clap） were among 3.04 to 4.90%. In addition, the leaf color model was used to render the leaf color change over growth progress using the technology of visualization, with a good performance on predicting dynamic changes in rice leaf color. These results would provide a technical support for further developing virtual plant during rice growth and development. 相似文献
9.
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Ratio on Lodging Resistance of Super Rice with Different Genotypes 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
ZHANG Wu-jun LI Gang-hua YANG Yi-ming LI Quan ZHANG Jun LIU Jin-you WANG Shaohua TANG She DING Yan-feng 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(1):63-72
The objective of this study was to determine the morphology mechanism of nitrogen （N） fertilizer rates and ratio on lodging resistance through analying its effects among lodging index （LI）, lodging-related morphological traits and physical strength in basal intemodes by comparing japonica and indica super rice cultivars. Field experiments, with three nitrogen levels （0, 150 and 300 kg ha-L） and two ratios of basal to topdressing （8：2 and 5：5） with two super rice cultivars （Yliangyou 2 and Wuyunjing 23）, were conducted in the Baolin Farm, Danyang Country, Jiangsu Province, China, in 2011 and 2012. Effects of N fertilizer rates and ratios on morphology of whole plant, morphology traits in basal intemodes and culm＇s physical strength parameters were investigated at 20 d after full heading stage. LI of Yliangyou 2 was significant greater than that of Wuyunjing 23 due to larger bending moment by whole plant （WP） with higher plant height and gravity center height. With higher volume of N fertilizer, LI of two super rice cultivars was increased conspicuously. However, no significant effect was detected with increase of panicle fertilizer ratio. The size of breaking strength （M） in basal intemodes was the key factor determining LI among N fertilizer treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that M value was positively related bending stress （BS） of Wuyunjing 23 and section modulus （Z） of Yliangyou 2, respectively. The higher N fertilizer levels induced reduction ofBS of Wuyunjing 23 due to weak culm and leaf sheath plumpness status and reduced Z of Yliangyou 2 owning to small diameter and culm wall thickness, consequently, influencing their M indirectly. These results suggested that breaking strength was the key factor influencing LI with increase of N fertilizer levels. However, the lodging-related morphology mechanism was different with genotypes. Culm wall thickness and diameter in basal internodes of indica super rice and culm and leaf sheath plumpness status of japonica super rice influenced breaking strength, as well as lodging index, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Major QTL Conferring Resistance to Rice Bacterial Leaf Streak 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Bacterial leaf streak （BLS） is one of the important limiting factors to rice production in southern China and other tropical and sub-tropical areas in Asia. Resistance to BLS was found to be a quantitative trait and no major resistant gene was located in rice until date. In the present study, a new major quantitative trait locus （QTL） conferring resistance to BLS was identified from a highly resistant variety Dular by the employment of Dular/Balilla （DB） and Dular/IR24 （DI） segregation populations and was designated qBLSR-11-1. This QTL was located between the simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers RM120 and RM441 on chromosome 11 and could account for 18.1-21.7% and 36.3% of the variance in DB and DI populations, respectively. The genetic pattern of rice resistance to BLS was discussed. 相似文献
11.
基于生物量的水稻叶片主要几何属性模型研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
【目的】构建基于生物量的水稻叶片主要几何属性模型,为水稻株型设计与调控提供理论依据。【方法】以两优108、86优8、南粳43及扬稻6号为材料,设置品种、氮肥与密度田间试验,观测水稻主茎不同叶位叶片长度和宽度,分析了水稻主茎叶片长和宽的关系、比叶重（SLW）随叶位的变化规律,以及水稻叶片干重与叶长和叶宽的关系,构建基于生物量的水稻叶片主要几何属性模型。【结果】叶长与叶宽的关系可用幂指数方程表达,比叶重随叶位呈二次曲线变化。采用独立的试验资料检验模型,主茎叶片叶长、叶宽模拟值与实测值的根均方差（RMSE）分别为2.55和0.06 cm。【结论】几何属性模型可较好地模拟不同生长条件下水稻主茎不同叶位叶片的主要几何属性,为生长模型与形态结构模型的结合奠定了基础。 相似文献
12.
13.
水稻冠层叶面积和比叶重的基因型×环境互作效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性—显性—加性×加性上位性遗传模型,分析了水稻剑叶面积（ＦＬＡ）、倒二叶面积（２ＬＡ）、倒三叶面积（３ＬＡ）和比叶重（ＳＬＷ）的２ ａ 资料．结果表明,这４个性状的遗传主要受显性效应及其与环境互作效应的控制,加性×加性上位性效应对其表现有一定影响．加性效应对ＳＬＷ 也有重要作用．加性与环境互作效应对２ＬＡ 和３ＬＡ 以及加性×加性上位性与环境互作效应对ＦＬＡ 和ＳＬＷ 的影响较小．遗传率分析表明各性状的普通狭义遗传率依次为ＳＬＷ＞ ＦＬＡ＞ ３ＬＡ＞ ２ＬＡ．遗传效应预测值结果表明,ＩＲ６６１５８－３７和ＩＲ６５６００－８５具有使杂交后代增加ＳＬＷ 的遗传效应,明恢６３在改良冠层叶面积中受环境的影响程度较小,认为这３个品种是超高产新株型育种的优良亲本材料． 相似文献
14.
以新稻18号为试验材料,在大田条件下研究了0、232.5 kg/hm2、255.0 kg/hm2、277.5 kg/hm2、300.0 kg/hm2、322.5 kg/hm2和345.0 kg/hm2纯氮水平下水稻产量、叶片形态特征的差异及其之间的关系。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,水稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,至255 kg/hm2纯氮水平下水稻产量达最大,此氮肥水平下水稻上三叶的受光姿态较其他处理综合表现较好。从不同氮肥处理对水稻上三叶的形态特征影响来看,倒二叶长受氮肥影响较大,倒一叶长受氮肥影响较小;倒一叶叶宽受氮肥影响较大,倒三叶叶宽受氮肥影响较小,说明氮肥处理对水稻叶片的影响主要表现在倒二叶叶长和倒一叶叶宽两个特性上。以水稻产量为因变量,叶片各形态特征为自变量进行逐步回归分析表明,倒二叶叶长、倒一叶叶宽和叶面指数（LAI）与产量建立的逐步回归方程达到了极显著水平（r=0.996 2**）,说明倒二叶叶长、倒一叶叶宽和叶面指数对产量的作用较大。 相似文献
15.
水稻分蘖发生及与特定部位叶片叶鞘含氮率的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以水培的方法，设计不同的供氮水平，研究了水稻分蘖的发生、生长，出叶和干物质生产的变化规律。结果表明：分蘖发生及新叶的出生与供氮水平及叶片、叶鞘的含氮率关系密切，过高过低的供氮水平均不利，即分蘖发生及新叶的出生要求一个最适的供氮水平，在本试验中是７０～５０ｍｇ／Ｌ；过低的氮素供应水平，会使叶蘖同伸的ｎ—３关系打破，出现叶蘖ｎ—４同伸的滞后现象；分蘖的发生与发生分蘖的节位和上一节位的叶片、叶鞘的含氮率呈极显著正相关，此两叶的含氮率高则分蘖发生多，因此，这两叶含氮率的高低可作为分蘖发生与否的诊断指标。 相似文献
16.
基于高光谱的水稻叶片含水量监测研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
【目的】建立快速、无损诊断水稻叶片含水量的估测模型,为水稻水分精确管理提供依据。【方法】基于2年不同土壤水分处理和水稻品种的池栽试验,于水稻主要生育时期同步测定顶部4张叶片的光谱反射率和含水量,系统分析350-2 500 nm波段范围内任意两波段组合而成的比值（RSI）、归一化差值（NDSI）及差值（DSI）光谱指数,并分析其与叶片含水量的量化关系。【结果】不同土壤水分处理和叶位间,叶片反射光谱具有显著的时空变化特征,叶片含水量的敏感光谱波段主要位于近红外及短波红外区域;RSI （R1402, R2272）及NDSI （R1402, R2272）光谱指数与叶片含水量呈现良好的线性相关,线性拟合R2均达到0.80。基于独立试验资料对所建模型进行测试检验也显示,预测值和观察值的拟合R2也均达到0.86。【结论】RSI（R1402, R2272）、NDSI（R1402, R2272）均可用于水稻叶片含水量的定量监测。 相似文献
17.
基于叶片反射光谱估测水稻氮营养指数 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】基于叶片反射光谱建立快速、无损监测水稻氮营养指数（nitrogen nutrition index,NNI）的估算模型。【方法】2018—2019年开展2个水稻品种（徽两优898和Y两优900）及5个氮肥梯度（施氮量为0、75、150、225和300 kg·hm-2,分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4）的田间小区试验,测定关键生育期不同叶位叶片反射光谱和植株NNI,构建多种光谱指数的水稻NNI监测模型。【结果】单叶及叶位组合的敏感波段均分布在540 nm的绿光波长处,其与近红外波段构成的窄波段比值指数SR（R900,R540）可较好反演水稻NNI。但不同叶位叶片窄波段比值指数与水稻NNI的预测精度表现不同,顶3叶（L3）预测精度最好（R2=0.731,RMSE =0.130,RE=11.6%）,顶2叶（L2）次之（R2=0.707,RMSE =0.136,RE =12.2%）,顶1叶（L1）最差（R2=0.443,RMSE =0.187,RE =14.7%）;顶2叶和顶3叶组合平均光谱（L23）的预测精度优于单叶水平和其他叶位组合（R2=0.740,RMSE =0.128,RE =11.5%）。再将窄波段比值指数SR（R900,R540）近红外与绿光区域分别重采样50 nm和10 nm,所构建的宽波段比值指数SR[AR（900±50）,AR（540±10）]模型精度较SR（R900,R540）未明显降低,且在L23水平下2个模型的模型精度和预测精度基本一致（R2=0.740,RMSE =0.128,RE =11.5%）。水稻NNI小于1时与产量呈线性的正相关关系（P<0.05）,大于1时产量趋于平稳。【结论】L2和L3叶片反射光谱为监测水稻NNI的敏感叶位,其中叶位组合L23可提高模型预测精度。基于叶片反射光谱构建的多种波段比值指数（SR（R900,R540）和SR[AR（900±50）,AR（540±10）]）可快速估测水稻NNI,从而为不同传感器对水稻氮营养指数估测监测研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
18.
水、陆稻根部性状的研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
选用来自日本、中国华北、东北、西北等地的粳型水稻品种8个和陆稻品种7个，在大田旱种和雾培条件下测其根系性状和叶片水势等。结果表明，在2种栽培条件下水、陆稻的根长、根数、根基粗、根中粗和根体积等性状相关显著；水、陆稻不同的品种间根系性状的差异均达极显著水平，陆稻品种的根比水稻品种的长、根的基部粗。陆稻品种的叶 片水势比水稻高，并且与根长、根基粗相关显著；水陆稻幼苗4叶期根基粗和灌浆期的根基粗相关极显著。因此水、陆稻苗期根基粗可以作苗期初步鉴定抗旱性的一种指标。 相似文献
19.
氮肥处理对新稻18号水稻产量及叶片形态特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以新稻18号为试验材料,在大田条件下研究了0、232.5 kg/hm2、255.0 kg/hm2、277.5 kg/hm2、300.0kg/hm2、322.5 kg/hm2和345.0 kg/hm2纯氮水平下水稻产量、叶片形态特征的差异及其之间的关系。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,水稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,至255 kg/hm2纯氮水平下水稻产量达最大,此氮肥水平下水稻上三叶的受光姿态较其他处理综合表现较好。从不同氮肥处理对水稻上三叶的形态特征影响来看,倒二叶长受氮肥影响较大,倒一叶长受氮肥影响较小;倒一叶叶宽受氮肥影响较大,倒三叶叶宽受氮肥影响较小,说明氮肥处理对水稻叶片的影响主要表现在倒二叶叶长和倒一叶叶宽两个特性上。以水稻产量为因变量,叶片各形态特征为自变量进行逐步回归分析表明,倒二叶叶长、倒一叶叶宽和叶面指数(LAI)与产量建立的逐步回归方程达到了极显著水平(r=0.996 2**),说明倒二叶叶长、倒一叶叶宽和叶面指数对产量的作用较大。 相似文献