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1.
Soil and surface water runoff are the major causes of cropland degradation in the hilly red soil region of China. Appropriate tillage practices are urgently needed to reduce erosion and protect the soil surface. In this study, five tillage systems [manure fertiliser (PM), straw mulch cover (PC), peanut–orange intercropping (PO), peanut–radish rotation (PR) and traditional farrow peanut (PF)] were compared in terms of soil infiltration and the capacity to generate runoff. Based on field‐plot monitoring and simulated experiments, this study revealed that the organic content of the soil in the PO (19.43 g kg−1), PC (18·63 g kg−1) and PM (18·18 g kg−1) treatments increased compared with those of the PF (15·64 g kg−1) and PR (17.17 g kg−1) treatments. Moreover, the three tillage practices also enhanced the soil's aggregate stability and infiltration capacity. The average annual runoff generation rates of the treatments were as follows: PR (3,141 m3 ha−1 a−1) > PF (2,189 m3 ha−1 a−1) > PC (755 m3 ha−1 a−1) > PM (514 m3 ha−1 a−1) > PO (388 m3 ha−1 a−1). The PO treatment reduced the runoff generation rate by approximately 82·3% compared with that of the PF treatment. Among the treatments, the PO treatment had the highest threshold rainfall depth (22 mm) for runoff generation. Regression analysis revealed that the threshold rainfall depths linearly increased with the infiltration rates. The results of this study could benefit local soil management and cropland conservation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2.
近地表水文状况显著影响坡面土壤侵蚀过程。土壤饱和状态作为一种特殊的近地表水文状况,其细沟侵蚀特征较之非饱和状态存在明显的差异。以黄绵土为研究对象,采用限定性细沟模拟冲刷,对比研究了饱和与非饱和状态下黄绵土的水动力特征和侵蚀阻力。结果表明:饱和黄绵土径流流速与坡度、流量之间符合良好的幂函数关系,坡度对流速的影响更甚;饱和黄绵土径流流速约为非饱和黄绵土的1.17倍,其坡面摩擦阻力仅为非饱和黄绵土的70.3%;同种工况下,非饱和黄绵土的径流含沙量和细沟径流动能明显偏低,随着径流动能增大,2种土的径流含沙量均呈现对数型增长,径流含沙量峰值稳定在400,280kg/m~3内;饱和与非饱和黄绵土的细沟可蚀性参数分别为0.088,0.057kg/(m~2·s),相应的土壤临界剪切力分别为0.773,1.561Pa,表明饱和黄绵土更易剥蚀、流失。  相似文献   

3.
T.W. Lei  Q.W. Zhang  L.J. Yan  J. Zhao  Y.H. Pan 《Geoderma》2008,144(3-4):628-633
Soil erodibility and critical shear stress are two of the most important parameters for physically-based soil erosion modeling. To aid in future soil erosion modeling, a rational method for determining the soil erodibility and critical shear stress of rill erosion under concentrated flow is advanced in this paper. The method suggests that a well-defined rill be used for shear stress estimation while infinite short rill lengths be used for determination of detachment capacity. The derivative of the functional relationship between sediment yield and rill length at the inlet of rill flow, as opposed to average detachment rate of a long rill, was used for the determination of detachment capacity. Soil erodibility and critical shear stress were then regressively estimated with detachment capacity data under different flow regimes. Laboratory data of rill erosion under well defined rill channels from a loess soil was used to estimate the soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The results showed that no significant change in soil erodibility (Kr) was observed for different slope gradients ranging from 5 to 25 while critical shear stress increased slightly with the slope gradient. Soil erodibility of the loess soil was 0.3211 ± 0.001 s m− 1. The soil erodibility and critical shear stress calculations were then compared with data from other resources to verify the feasibility of the method. Data comparison showed that the method advanced is a physically logical and feasible method to calculate the soil erodibility and critical shear stress for physically-based soil erosion models.  相似文献   

4.
The susceptibility of some soils in the high rainfall zone of Nigeria to soil erosion must be measured regularly for better soil management. A number of techniques have been adopted for the determination of this soil loss parameter. The aim of this study is to determine the soil characteristics that relate significantly to erodibility. Soil samples collected from 0–20 cm depth from 10 different locations in the upper rainforest area were analysed for particle size distribution, water‐stable aggregates, exchangeable cations, organic carbon, soil dispersion and aggregating indices. The soils are mainly Acrisols, Nitosols, Gleysols and Ferralsol in the FAO classification while their textures are sands to sandy‐clay‐loam. They are very unstable in water as reflected in the higher values of WSA >0·50 mm and the mean‐weight diameter that ranged from 0·50 to 2·03 mm. The dispersion ratio for the soils are between 0·26 and 0·69 while clay dispersion ratio also ranged from 0·24 to 0·80. Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) erodibility model values (K) were from 0·03 to 0·06 Mg h MJ−1 mm−1. These parameters can be effectively used in predicting soil erodibility, though their predictability varied in ranking of soil erodibility. In spite of this variability these indices can be used for potential erosion hazard determination by agricultural extension staff to avoid crop failures and other negative influence of soil erosion. The soil parameters are easy to determine and will be a valuable instrument when faster approaches to erosion control measures are required. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
This study sought to contribute to the understanding of soil redistribution by tillage on terraces and the extent and causes of within-field variation in soil properties by examining the spatial distributions of soil redistribution rates, derived using caesium-137, and of total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations, within a ribbon and a shoulder terrace in a yuan area of the Loess Plateau of China. Additional water erosion rate data were obtained for nine other terraces. Water erosion rates on the ribbon terraces were low (<1 kg m−2 yr−1), unless slope tangents exceeded 0·1. However, despite the use of animal traction, high rates of tillage erosion were observed (mean 5·5 kg m−2 yr−1). Soil nitrogen concentrations were related to rates of soil redistribution by tillage on the ribbon terrace examined in detail. In general, higher rates of water erosion (0·5–2·9 kg m−2 yr−1) and lower rates of tillage erosion (mean 1·4 kg m−2 yr−1) were evident on the longer shoulder terraces. On the shoulder terrace examined in detail, soil phosphorus concentrations were related to net rates of soil redistribution. A statistically significant regression relationship between water erosion rates and the USLE length and slope factor was used in conjunction with the simulation of tillage erosion rates to evaluate a range of terrace designs. It is suggested that off-site impacts of erosion could be further reduced by ensuring that the slope tangents are kept below 0·06 and lengths below 30 m, especially on the shoulder terraces. Tillage erosion and the systematic redistribution of soil nutrients could be reduced by modification of the contour-cultivation technique to turn soil in opposing directions in alternate years. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
This paper reports on a field study conducted in Kilie catchment, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia to assess the rate of soil erosion by employing a soil loss prediction model (Universal Soil Loss Equation) integrated with in remote sensing and geographical information systems (RS/GIS), environment and gully measurement techniques. The final soil erosion risk map was produced after multiplication of the six factors involved in the USLE and RS/GIS. Gully measurement showed that the erosion rate is higher for the upland areas than the lowlands due to inappropriate soil and water conservation measures, free grazing by animals and conversion of hillside areas into farmlands. About 97·04 per cent of the study catchment falls within a range of 0–10 t ha−1 yr−1 sheet/rill erosion rate. We found that 2·17 per cent of the study area in the uplands has a soil erosion rate falling between 10 and 20 t ha−1 yr−1. About 0·8 per cent of the study area in the uplands is hit by severe sheet/rill erosion rate within the range of 20–60 t ha−1 yr−1. Gully erosion extent in the study area was evaluated through gully measurement and quantification methods. Gully density of 67 m ha−1 was recorded in the catchment. The gully to plot area ratio was found to be 0·14 on average. Hence, in the upland areas, sustainable land management practices are required in order to reduce the rate of soil erosion. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
The hydrological conditions near the soil surface influence the soil erosion process, as determined by the soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The soil erodibility and critical shear stress of saturated purple soil slopes were computed and compared with those of unsaturated purple soil slopes. The detachment capacities computed through the numerical method (NM), modified numerical method (MNM) and analytical method (AM), from rill erosion experiments on saturated purple soil slopes at different flow rates (2, 4, and 8 L min?1) and slope gradients (5, 10, 15, and 20°), were used to comparatively compute the soil erodibility and critical shear stress. The computed soil erodibilities and critical shear stresses were also compared with those of unsaturated purple soil slopes. At the different slope gradients ranging from 5° to 20°, there were no significant differences in the soil erodibilities of the saturated purple soil and also in those of the unsaturated purple soil. The critical shear stresses slightly varied with the slope gradients. The saturated purple soil was relatively significantly more susceptible to erosion. The NM overestimated the soil erodibility of both saturated and unsaturated soils by 31% and underestimated the critical shear stress. The MNM yielded the same soil erodibility and critical shear stress values as the AM. The results of this study supply parameters for modeling rill erosion of saturated purple soil slope.  相似文献   

8.
为探究生物结皮发育驱动下土壤水蚀特征及机理,选取苔藓发育为优势种的退耕样地,设计5个盖度等级(1%～20%,20%～40%,40%～60%,60%～80%,80%～100%),以裸地为对照,在不同水流剪切力(6.12～19.64 Pa)下进行冲刷试验。结果表明：结皮发育显著影响土壤养分含量,且高盖度结皮覆盖下养分表聚效应更加明显。生物结皮发育显著影响土壤分离能力,裸地土壤分离能力[1.465 6 kg/(m2·s)]为生物结皮[0.004 2～0.468 2 kg/(m2·s)]的3.58～348.95倍,裸地细沟可蚀性(0.293 5 s/m)为生物结皮(0.001 0～0.082 2 s/m)的3.57～293.50倍。相对土壤分离能力及细沟可蚀性均随结皮盖度增加呈指数函数衰减,结皮冲破时间随结皮盖度增加呈指数函数增长;非线性回归分析表明,土壤分离能力可用水流剪切力、生物结皮盖度和土壤黏结力进行模拟(NSE=0.749)。综上,生物结皮发育显著提升土壤抗侵蚀性能,研究结果可为半湿润区水土流失防治及生物结皮管理利用提供理论参考。  相似文献   

9.
土壤侵蚀物理模型中紫色土细沟侵蚀参数研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
以长江中上游典型侵蚀性土壤紫色土为研究对象,采用变坡限定性细沟土槽,研究不同流量、坡度和沟长情况下,紫色土细沟侵蚀特征,并量化了细沟侵蚀参数。结果表明:细沟侵蚀受水流水力特征、土壤性质和坡面影响,随着水流含沙量的增大,细沟侵蚀速率呈现减小趋势;流量越大,坡度越陡,细沟水流的剥蚀率越大,造成细沟侵蚀速率也越大。在5L/min的小流量下,细沟侵蚀速率受剥蚀率限制与含沙量没有出现线性关系,15,25L/min流量下,细沟侵蚀速率与含沙量呈线性相关。侵蚀速率在细沟开始处最大,随沟长的增大,水流能量消耗于挟带泥沙而迅速减小,相关性分析得到侵蚀速率与沟长呈指数递减,相关系数R2变化于0.45~0.98之间。通过回归分析得到试验条件下,紫色土细沟土壤可蚀性均值为0.005 3s/m,临界剪切力均值为2.92Pa。研究结果对于坡面土壤侵蚀物理模型的建立和推广应用提供数据支撑,为紫色土坡面侵蚀研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

10.
Water dispersible clay (WDC) can influence soil erosion by water. Therefore, in highly erodible soils such as the ones in eastern Nigeria, there is a need to monitor the clay dispersion characteristics to direct and modify soil conservation strategies. Twenty‐five soil samples (0–20 cm in depth) varying in texture, chemical properties and mineralogy were collected from various locations in central eastern Nigeria. The objective was to determine the WDC of the soils and relate this to selected soil physical and chemical attributes. The soils were analysed for their total clay (TC), water‐dispersible clay (WDC), clay dispersion ratio (CDR), dispersion ratio (DR), dithionite extractable iron (Fed), soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable cations, exhangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Total clay contents of the soil varied from 80–560 g kg−1. The USLE erodibility K ranges from 0·02 to 0·1 Mg h MJ−1 mm and WEPP K fall between 1·2 × 10−6–1·7 × 10−6 kg s m−4. The RUSLE erodibility K correlated significantly with CDR and DR (r = 0·44; 0·39). Also, a positive significant correlation (r = 0·71) existed between WEPP K and RUSLE K. Soils with high clay dispersion ratio (CDR) are highly erodibile and positively correlates (p < 0·51) with Fed, CEC and SOM. Also, DR positively correlates with Mg2+ and SOM and negatively correlate with ESP and SAR. Principal component analysis showed that SAR, Na+ and percent base saturation play significant role in the clay dispersion of these soils. The implication of this result is that these elements may pose potential problem to these soils if not properly managed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
为揭示季节性冻融区土壤侵蚀阻力的变化机制，确定影响土壤侵蚀阻力主控因子，通过室内冻融模拟、水槽冲刷和土壤抗剪试验，对黄绵土(SM粉质壤土)、风沙土(WS砂壤土)和黑土(KS黏壤土)侵蚀阻力影响因素进行研究。结果表明：(1)随着冻融循环次数增加，细沟可蚀性值逐渐升高，而临界剪切力降低。经历10次冻融循环后，SM粉质壤土、WS砂壤土和KS黏壤土的细沟可蚀性分别增加76%,63%,11%,临界剪切力分别减小37%,13%,91%。(2)细沟可蚀性随土壤抗剪强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角增大而减小，临界剪切力则呈相反趋势。与内摩擦角相比，黏聚力更适合用来表征土壤侵蚀阻力。采用黏聚力对SM粉质壤土、WS砂壤土和KS黏壤土的细沟可蚀性进行预测，决定系数(R2)分别为0.42,0.78,0.50,平均为0.57;对临界剪切力的预测效果较差，决定系数(R2)分别为0.16,0.14,0.18,平均仅为0.16。(3)根据皮尔逊相关分析结果，基于土壤的初始含水率、冻融循环次数、力学特性以及土壤参数等分别建立细沟可蚀性(R2=0.85)和临界剪切力...  相似文献   

12.
陕西省耕地土壤可蚀性因子   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
[目的]土壤可蚀性因子是计算土壤侵蚀的一个重要因子,对陕西省耕地土壤可蚀性因子展开研究,可为陕西地区的耕地土壤侵蚀计算及评价提供科学依据。[方法]以陕西省9个地区的耕地土壤实测数据为基础,利用通用土壤流失方程USLE(universal soil loss equation)、修订土壤流失方程RUSLE2(revised universal soil loss equation version 2)、侵蚀生产力影响模型EPIC(erosion productivity impact calculator)中可蚀性因子K值的计算公式以及几何平均粒径公式和几何平均粒径—有机质Dg-OM公式,计算不同耕地土壤质地条件下的土壤可蚀性因子。[结果]RUSLE2的极细砂粒转换公式在陕西黄土丘陵沟壑区平均低约14.53%,在陕南地区平均高约32.91%,使用修正公式后平均误差分别为7.81%和13.14%;对比分析K值的估算值与实测值,子洲县实测K值为0.002 69〔(t·hm2·h)/(hm2·MJ·mm)〕,Dg-OM模拟计算均值为0.0297〔(t·hm2·h)/(hm2·MJ·mm)〕;水蚀预报模型WEPP(water erosion prediction project)中的细沟间可蚀性(Ki)和细沟可蚀性(Kr),与USLE的K值相关系数分别为0.738 6和0.607 4。[结论]极细砂粒转换修正公式的计算误差小于RUSLE2模型;Dg-OM模型适合陕西黄土丘陵沟壑区及长武县、杨凌区和安康市典型耕地土壤;WEPP中Ki和Kr,当土壤砂粒含量小于30%,USLE的K值与WEPP的Ki和Kr值有强相关性。  相似文献   

13.
This research aims to improve erosion control practice in the Loess Plateau, by studying the surface erosion processes, including splash, sheet/interrill and rill erosion in four contrasting soils under high rainfall intensity (120 mm h−1) with three-scale indoor artificial experiments. Four contrasting soils as sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam and loamy clay were collected from different parts of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that sediment load was significantly impacted by soil properties in all three sub-processes. Splash rate (4.0–21.6 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in sandy loam from the north part of the Loess Plateau and showed a negative power relation with the mean weight diameter of aggregates after 20 min of rainfall duration. The average sediment load by sheet/interrill erosion (6.94–42.86 g m−2∙min−1) was highest in clay loam from middle part of the Loess Plateau, and the stable sediment load after 20 min showed a positive power relation with the silt content in soil. The average sediment load increased dramatically by rill and interrill erosion (21.03–432.16 g m−2∙min−1), which was highest in loamy clay from south part of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment load after the occurrence of rill showed a positive power relation with clay content and a negative power relation with soil organic matter content. The impacts of slope gradient on the runoff rate and sediment load also changed with soil properties. The critical factors varied for different processes, which were the aggregate size for splash erosion, the content of silt particles and slope gradient for sheet/interrill erosion, and the content of clay particles, soil organic matter and slope gradient for rill erosion. Based on the results of the experiments, specific erosion control practices were proposed by targeting certain erosion processes in areas with different soil texture and different distribution of slope gradient. The findings from this study should support the improvement of erosion prediction and cropland management in different regions of the Loess Plateau.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this paper is to assess the mechanisms of water erosion in andic soils using two tests, which in a certain way simulate the two principal mechanisms of aggregate destruction in the process of water erosion—water dispersion and raindrops impact—and compare them with the aggregation observed in material dettached by inter‐rill erosion (sediments) in experimental plots with natural rain. In accordance with the obtained results, the erosive process in these soils seems to come about through a picking off of surface material of larger aggregates, due to the impact of raindrops. The intensity of pull off and fragment size from larger aggregates depends on the kinetic energy of the drops (rain intensity), but the size generally ranges between 0ċ2 and 0ċ5 mm. Therefore inter‐rill erosion initially proceeds by a washing down of smaller aggregates (<0ċ5 mm) (of less bulk density than larger aggregates 0ċ4 Mg m−3 against 0ċ9 Mg m−3), enriching the soil in larger sized aggregates which, on being fragmented by picking off of raindrops, supply new material for washing down by inter‐rill erosion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
黄土区原状土壤分离过程的水动力学机理研究   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9  
对土壤分离过程进行模拟是建立土壤侵蚀过程模型的基础。利用变坡实验水槽,在较大流量(0.5~2.0L/s)和坡度(8.8%~46.6%)范围内,系统研究了黄土区原状土壤分离过程的水动力学机理。研究结果表明:原状黄土的分离速率远小于扰动土的分离速率,因此,用原状土研究土壤侵蚀机理是十分必要的;土壤分离速率随着流量和坡度的增大而增大,但增大的形式稍有差异,可以用流量和坡度的幂函数准确模拟土壤分离速率(R2=0.95);用平均流速可以对土壤分离速率进行比较准确的模拟和估算;受径流输沙和土样扰动的影响,国内外扰动土样的土壤可蚀性参数与原状黄土的研究成果差异显著;在水流剪切力、单位水流功率和水流功率3个国际上流行的用于模拟土壤分离过程的水动力学参数中,水流功率与土壤分离速率间的关系最为密切,从而表明土壤侵蚀过程受水流能量大小的控制。  相似文献   

16.
WEPP模型中细沟可蚀性参数估计方法误差的理论分析   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  
细沟土壤侵蚀在坡面土壤侵蚀占有重要地位。土壤可蚀性参数是WEPP模型中计算预报/计算细沟土壤侵蚀中极其重要的参数。WEPP模型现在采用的可蚀性参数是用长的细沟/径流小区试验以细沟侵蚀产沙估计得到的最大可能剥蚀率为基础获得的。该文分析了细沟侵蚀产沙随沟长的变化关系,分析了可蚀性参数估计误差的来源。从理论上推导出了计算现有WEPP可蚀性参数估计误差的计算方法。理论分析表明,对于限定性细沟,可蚀性参数的估计误差主要来源于细沟最大可能剥蚀率的估计值。最大可能剥蚀率的理想估计值是水流载沙量与细沟长度的函数关系在细沟  相似文献   

17.
Unpaved roads play an important role in soil loss in small watersheds. In order to assess the impact of these unpaved roads in the Loess Plateau of China, runoff and sediment yields from road‐related sources must be quantified. Field rainfall simulation experiments were conducted under three slope gradients and five rainfall intensities on unpaved loess roads in a small watershed. Results showed that the runoff generation was very fast in loess road surface (time to runoff < 1 min) and produced a high runoff coefficient (mean value > 0·8). Soil loss rates were decreased as surface loose materials were washed away during a rainstorm. Rainfall intensity, initial soil moisture, and slope gradient are key factors to model surface runoff and sediment yield. Soil loss on loess road surface could be estimated by a linear function of stream power (R2 = 0·907). Four commonly interrill erosion models were evaluated and compared, and the interrill erodibility adopted in the Water Erosion Prediction Project model was determined as 1·34 × 106 (kg s m−4). A new equation taking into account different parameters like rainfall intensity, surface flow discharge, and slope gradient was established. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

18.
黄土高原不同退耕年限刺槐林地土壤侵蚀阻力   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  
为了明确黄土高原植被恢复后不断蓄积的枯落物对土壤分离过程的影响,论文选取10、15、20、30、40a退耕年限刺槐林样地及对照样地,采集180个土壤样品用于土壤分离试验,在6组侵蚀动力条件下进行变坡水槽冲刷试验,结果表明:随着退耕年限的增大,刺槐林土壤结构趋于稳定且疏松多孔,40年刺槐林地与对照样地相比:容重降低12.9%、总孔隙度增加10.1%、毛管孔隙度增加62.4%,土壤有机质含量增加97.9%、水稳性团聚体增加112.3%.土壤分离能力均值随着林龄呈指数函数递减(R2=0.82、P<0.05).在退耕0~40年范围内,在0~15 a内土壤分离能力下降迅速,对照、10 a刺槐林地、15年刺槐林地之间的土壤分离能力差异显著(P<0.05),退耕15 a以后土壤分离能力趋于稳定.40 a林龄刺槐林细沟可蚀性比对照的细沟可蚀性降低86.3%,临界剪切力提高10.1%.土壤临界剪切力变化范围在4.15~4.78 Pa之间.细沟可蚀性的变化趋势与土壤分离能力变化趋势相似,相比临界剪切力的变化,细沟可蚀性的变化更能反映土壤分离能力的变化情况.  相似文献   

19.
Reclamation of disturbed soils is done with the primary objective of restoring the land for agronomic or forestry land use. Reclamation followed by sustainable management can restore the depleted soil organic carbon (SOC) stock over time. This study was designed to assess SOC stocks of reclaimed and undisturbed minesoils under different cropping systems in Dover Township, Tuscarawas County, Ohio (40°32·33′ N and 81°33·86′ W). Prior to reclamation, the soil was classified as Bethesda Soil Series (loamy‐skeletal, mixed, acid, mesic Typic Udorthent). The reclaimed and unmined sites were located side by side and were under forage (fescue—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and alfa grass—Stipa tenacissima L.), and corn (Zea mays L.)—soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. All fields were chisel plowed annually except unmined forage, and fertilized only when planted to corn. The manure was mostly applied on unmined fields planted to corn, and reclaimed fields planted to forage and corn. The variability in soil properties (i.e., soil bulk density, pH and soil organic carbon stock) ranged from moderate to low across all land uses in both reclaimed and unmined fields for 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths. The soil nitrogen stock ranged from low to moderate for unmined fields and moderate to high in some reclaimed fields. Soil pH was always less than 6·7 in both reclaimed and unmined fields. The mean soil bulk density was consistently lower in unmined (1·27 mg m−3 and 1·22 mg m−3) than reclaimed fields (1·39 mg m−3 and 1·34 mg m−3) planted to forage and corn, respectively. The SOC and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were higher for reclaimed forage (33·30 g kg−1; 3·23 g kg−1) and cornfields (21·22 g kg−1; 3·66 g kg−1) than unmined forage (17·47 g kg−1; 1·98 g kg−1) and cornfield (17·70 g kg−1; 2·76 g kg−1). The SOC stocks in unmined soils did not differ among forage, corn or soybean fields but did so in reclaimed soils for 0–10 cm depth. The SOC stock for reclaimed forage (39·6 mg ha−1 for 0–10 cm and 28·6 mg ha−1 for 10–20 cm depths) and cornfields (28·3 mg ha−1; 32·2 mg ha−1) were higher than that for the unmined forage (22·7 mg ha−1; 17·6 mg ha−1) and corn (21·5 mg ha−1; 26·8 mg ha−1) fields for both depths. These results showed that the manure application increased SOC stocks in soil. Overall this study showed that if the reclamation is done properly, there is a large potential for SOC sequestration in reclaimed soils. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
Managing soil carbon requires accurate estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its dynamics, at scales able to capture the influence of local factors on the carbon pool. This paper develops a spatially explicit methodology to quantify SOC stocks in two contrasting regions of Southern Spain: Sierra Norte de Sevilla (SN) and Cabo de Gata (CG). Also, it examines the relationship between SOC stocks and local environmental factors. Results showed that mean SOC stocks were 4·3 kg m−2 in SN and 3·0 kg m−2 in CG. Differences in SOC in both sites were not significant, suggesting that factors other than climate have a greater influence on SOC stocks. A correlation matrix revealed that SOC has the highest positive correlation with clay content and soil depth. Based on the land use, the largest SOC stocks were found in grassland soils (4·4 kg m−2 in CG and 5·0 kg m−2 in SN) and extensive crops (3·0 kg m−2 in CG and 5·0 kg m−2 in SN), and the smallest under shrubs (2·8 kg m−2 in CG and 3·2 kg m−2 in SN) and forests soils (4·2 kg m−2 in SN). This SOC distribution is explained by the greatest soil depth under agricultural land uses, a common situation across the Mediterranean, where the deepest soils have been cultivated and natural vegetation mostly remains along the marginal sites. Accordingly, strategies to manage SOC stocks in southern Spain will have to acknowledge its high pedodiversity and long history of land use, refusing the adoption of standard global strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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