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黄酮类化合物广泛存在于各种植物中，是重要的植物次生代谢产物，具有抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎、抗癌、免疫调节等多种生物活性，能够提高畜禽生长性能、减少应激、调节肠胃、增强免疫力、改善氧化状态和产品质量等，在动物生产中具有重要作用。本文介绍了黄酮类化合物的生物活性，为其在畜牧业中的开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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黄酮类化合物的免疫调节作用及机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄酮类化合物广泛分布于自然界中,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等多种生物活性。近年来的临床研究和试验表明,黄酮类化合物对机体免疫系统也具有重要的调节作用,主要通过影响免疫器官、细胞免疫、体液免疫和非特异性免疫以及免疫相关信号传导通路[核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、Toll样受体(TLR)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路]来发挥免疫调节作用。本文通过查阅国内外文献针对黄酮类化合物对动物机体的免疫调节作用及其分子作用机制相关研究进行了综述,以期为揭示黄酮类化合物免疫调节作用机制以及为兽医临床免疫调节中药的开发提供研究思路和方法。 相似文献
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介绍含黄酮类中草药提取物在畜牧生产中的应用。黄酮类化合物具有抗氧化自由基活性、抗肿瘤活性、保肝活性、免疫调节作用、作为饲料添加剂、防治动物疫病等功能,市场开发前景广阔。 相似文献
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猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)是危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一,主要由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起。该病毒可引起感染猪免疫系统的破坏,造成严重的免疫抑制,继而引发多种病毒/细菌的混合感染与继发感染,给世界养猪业造成了巨大经济损失。近年来疫苗免疫接种是防控PCVAD的有效手段,由于衣壳蛋白(capside,Cap)是PCV-2的主要免疫保护性抗原,因此常被用作研制PCV-2基因工程疫苗的理想靶抗原。论文就PCV-2Cap蛋白基因工程疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为今后PCV-2新型疫苗的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Bettschart-Wolfensberger R Dicht S Vullo C Frotzler A Kuemmerle JM Ringer SK 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(3):186-194
ObjectiveTo test if the addition of butorphanol by constant rate infusion (CRI) to medetomidine–isoflurane anaesthesia reduced isoflurane requirements, and influenced cardiopulmonary function and/or recovery characteristics.Study designProspective blinded randomised clinical trial.Animals61 horses undergoing elective surgery.MethodsHorses were sedated with intravenous (IV) medetomidine (7 μg kg?1); anaesthesia was induced with IV ketamine (2.2 mg kg?1) and diazepam (0.02 mg kg?1) and maintained with isoflurane and a CRI of medetomidine (3.5 μg kg?1 hour?1). Group MB (n = 31) received butorphanol CRI (25 μg kg?1 IV bolus then 25 μg kg?1 hour?1); Group M (n = 30) an equal volume of saline. Artificial ventilation maintained end-tidal CO2 in the normal range. Horses received lactated Ringer’s solution 5 mL kg?1 hour?1, dobutamine <1.25 μg kg?1 minute?1 and colloids if required. Inspired and exhaled gases, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were monitored continuously; pH and arterial blood gases were measured every 30 minutes. Recovery was timed and scored. Data were analyzed using two way repeated measures anova, independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was no difference between groups with respect to anaesthesia duration, end-tidal isoflurane (MB: mean 1.06 ± SD 0.11, M: 1.05 ± 0.1%), MAP (MB: 88 ± 9, M: 87 ± 7 mmHg), heart rate (MB: 33 ± 6, M: 35 ± 8 beats minute?1), pH, PaO2 (MB: 19.2 ± 6.6, M: 18.2 ± 6.6 kPa) or PaCO2. Recovery times and quality did not differ between groups, but the time to extubation was significantly longer in group MB (26.9 ± 10.9 minutes) than in group M (20.4 ± 9.4 minutes).Conclusion and clinical relevanceButorphanol CRI at the dose used does not decrease isoflurane requirements in horses anaesthetised with medetomidine–isoflurane and has no influence on cardiopulmonary function or recovery. 相似文献
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J.M. Mendelsohn 《African Zoology》2013,48(4):197-201
Small mammals were trapped at three-month intervals on six trap-lines on the Springbok Flats, Transvaal during 1977 and 1978. Trapping success varied considerably (average 18,5%) during 5 760 trap-nights. Nine rodent and four shrew species were recorded in the area. Species composition and abundance differed on black turf and red clay. Praomys natalensis, Rhabdomys pumilio and Otomys angoniensis were the dominant rodents, and Crocidura hirta the commonest shrew. Trapping success was greatest in late spring and autumn to mid-winter. O. angoniensis probably bred throughout the year, but P. natalensis and ft pumilio produced most young in spring and autumn. 相似文献
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为观察芍药汤抗大肠杆菌的作用效果,试验分为体外牛津杯抑菌试验和小鼠体内抗大肠杆菌感染试验两部分。通过观察统计体外牛津杯抑菌试验中抑菌圈大小,小鼠的死亡数及死亡率,解剖小鼠观察其各个脏器的变化,血常规检测小鼠血液中白细胞、红细胞及血小板的变化。结果表明:芍药汤培养皿未出现抑菌圈。在预防及治疗试验中,芍药汤组小鼠死亡率及血液中各项白细胞指标均极显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.01);各项红细胞及血小板指标均极显著地高于阴性对照组(P<0.01)。通过解剖芍药汤组与阴性对照组小鼠,发现阴性对照组中小鼠小肠的肠系膜充血现象较为明显。说明芍药汤对感染大肠杆菌的小鼠具有较好的防治效果,但不是通过直接抑制大肠杆菌实现的。 相似文献
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依据中兽医学对痛风"清热利湿、利尿通淋、排石消肿"的辨证防治原则组拟的积雪车前口服液,为确定其临床疗程和最佳剂量,选取海兰灰蛋鸡100只(40日龄),随机分成5组,每组20只。A组为健康对照组,始终饲喂基础饲料,饮用自来水。B组～E组始终饲喂高钙高蛋白饲料制作鸡痛风模型,其中B组为模型对照组,饮用自来水;C组～E组分别为积雪车前口服液低、中、高剂量治疗组,模型制作成功后,分别在每升饮水中添加1、2、4mL积雪车前口服液,连用7d。结果表明,用药第3天时症状明显减轻,C组、E组血清尿酸含量小于480μmol/L已降到高尿酸血症水平以下,病情有所好转;E组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性与A组差异不显著(P>0.05);D组、E组血清肌酐含量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),C组显著高于A组;与B组相比,C组～E组均极显著降低(P<0.01);C组、D组、E组血清磷含量与A组差异不显著(P>0.05),与B组相比,E组血清磷含量显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗第7天时,C组～E组血清尿酸含量极显著低于B组(P<0.01);E组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著低于B组(P<0.05),与A组差异不显著(P>0.05)。积雪车前口服液对鸡高尿酸血症有一定的治疗作用,综合各项指标,其中E组(积雪车前口服液,高剂量组)治疗效果最为显著。 相似文献
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油茶为异花授粉植物,其产量与传粉昆虫关系密切,但油茶昆虫授粉问题一直未能得到有效解决,而熊蜂在温室大棚作物授粉方面具有效益高、品质好等优点.本文以普通油茶为研究对象,通过引进熊蜂对其进行授粉试验,分析熊蜂对油茶授粉结实的影响,以期为油茶的引蜂授粉研究和应用提供参考.试验结果表明,熊蜂的不同投放方式对油茶的座果结实有很大影响,熊蜂的自由式授粉、限制性授粉和自然昆虫授粉的座果率分别为36.78%、0.22%和18.23%,自由式授粉能显著提高油茶产量,而高饱和密度的限制性熊蜂释放方式反而会有减产作用;另外通过熊蜂授粉试验发现油茶不同亲本间的组配授粉结实率差异很大.因此在合理控制的情况下熊蜂能有效提升油茶产量. 相似文献
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Data collected from 1993 to 2006 at the Animal Research Institute of Ghana was used to compare the performance of Sanga and
Friesian-Sanga crossbred calves on natural pasture. Performance traits analyzed were birth weight (BWT), weaning weight adjusted
to 210 days (WW7), preweaning average daily gain to 210 days (ADG 1), weight at 12 months adjusted to 365 days (W12), weight
at 18 months adjusted to 540 days (W18) and postweaning average daily gain (ADG 2, from weaning to 540 days). Effects in the
model describing these traits were breed, season, sex and first-order interactions between these effects. With the exception
of heavier birth weight of Friesian-Sanga crossbred calves (19.98 kg vs. 19.18 kg), body weights of Sangas at weaning, 12 months
and 18 months exceeded those of the Friesian-Sanga crossbred calves by 3.76 kg, 35.06 kg and 46.24 kg respectively. The Sangas
were also superior in preweaning average daily gain (0.35 kg/day vs. 0.26 kg/day) and postweaning average daily gain (0.28 kg/day
vs. 0.21 kg/day). There was a tendency of increasing weight difference between the two breeds with advancing age. It was suggested
that improved nutrition such as supplementary feeding would be necessary for crossbreds to express their potential for growth. 相似文献
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Background
In the last few years stud farms have experienced increasing problems with Parascaris equorum infections in foals despite intensive deworming programs. This has led to the question as to whether the anthelmintic drugs used against this parasite are failing. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and pyrantel on the faecal output of ascarid eggs of foals.Methods
A Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was performed on nine large studs in Sweden. Anthelmintic drugs were given orally and faecal samples were examined for ascarid eggs on the day of deworming and 14 days later. Faecal Egg Count Reductions (FECRs) were calculated on arithmetic means of transformed individual FECRs and on arithmetic means of individual FECRs.Results
Seventy-nine (48%) out of a total of 165 foals sampled were positive for P. equorum eggs before deworming and 66 of these met the criteria for being used in the efficacy assessment. It was shown that there was no, or very low activity of ivermectin on the output of ascarid eggs in the majority of the foals, whereas for fenbendazole and pyrantel it was >90%.Conclusion
Ivermectin resistance was shown in 5 out of 6 farms. Therefore, ivermectin should not be the drug of choice in the control of P. equorum infections in foals. According to the results of this study, fenbendazole or pyrantel are still effective and should be used against this parasite. 相似文献19.