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1.
《林业实用技术》2017,(1)
以祁连山区青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)为样本,建立了青海云杉树木年轮宽度年表,应用相关分析和响应函数分析等年轮气候学方法,研究了青海云杉径向生长对气候变化的响应。结果表明:青海云杉年轮宽度与当年3-8月的平均气温呈正相关关系,特别是与3月平均气温的相关性最为显著(P<0.05);与当年3、5月的降水量呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.05);与当年4月日照时数呈显著的正相关关系。响应函数分析表明:青海云杉年轮宽度与上年10月和当年3、5月平均气温、上年12月和当年5、8月降水量、当年4、7月的日照时数存在显著的相关性(P<0.01)。综合来看,祁连山区青海云杉生长同时受春季温度、夏季降水和春季日照的影响明显。 相似文献
2.
以祁连山东端夏玛林场青海云杉为样本,建立青海云杉树木年轮宽度年表,应用相关分析,研究青海云杉的年轮宽度变化对气候变化的响应。结果表明:青海云杉年轮宽度与当年2月份、3月份、4月份的降水量呈显著的正相关关系,特别是与3月份的降水量的相关性极显著(P0.01);青海云杉年轮宽度与当年生长季初期(3月份)时候的温度呈现正相关关系,与当年6月份的温度呈现出了显著的负相关关系。 相似文献
3.
【目的】探究天山中部地区不同海拔雪岭云杉径向生长变化趋势、对气候因子的响应以及应对干旱胁迫的生态弹性,为预测气候变化下天山雪岭云杉林沿海拔梯度的群落发展趋势提供理论参考。【方法】在天山北坡中段雪岭云杉森林的下林线、林带中部、上林线处采集雪岭云杉树芯样品,建立3个树轮标准年表,计算胸高断面积增量,分析雪岭云杉径向生长与气候因子的关系,采用抵抗力、恢复力和恢复弹力分析雪岭云杉对干旱胁迫的响应。【结果】在过去61年,研究区各海拔雪岭云杉径向生长均受到明显抑制,受抑制程度表现为下林线处最重,林带中部次之,上林线处较轻;不同海拔影响雪岭云杉径向生长的主控气候因子存在差异,下林线主要与当年4—7月气温显著负相关（P <0.05）,与上一年6月和当年4、6月降水量及上一年8月至当年9月自校准帕默尔干旱指数(scPDSI)显著正相关（P <0.05）;林带中部主要与上一年6—8月和当年3—4、 6—7月气温显著负相关（P <0.05）;上林线主要与当年2和6—7月气温显著正相关（P <0.05）,与上一年8月和当年4月降水及上一年6月至当年5月scPDSI显著正相关（P <... 相似文献
4.
[目的]冬季低温是决定高山林线树种能否生存的重要生态因素。休眠前后树木体内碳水化合物的变化能够反映出其安全越冬的策略。但目前高山林线树种休眠前后体内碳水化合物的变化及机理尚不清楚。为了探讨林线树种越冬期间的生存策略,[方法]本文以祁连山林线青海云杉为对象,研究了不同海拔(2 900、3 000、3 100、3 200、3 300 m)成年树枝、叶休眠前后非结构性碳水化合物含量变化,包括可溶性糖(葡萄糖和果糖)、淀粉以及糖/淀粉比值的变化。[结果]表明:(1)休眠前青海云杉当年及1年生叶在高海拔处NSC含量高于中、低海拔处NSC含量,而在枝条中高、中、低海拔间没有显著差异。(2)休眠后叶中NSC含量最高值在中海拔3 100 m处,显著高于高海拔;不同组织中NSC含量高于休眠前,叶片中尤为明显。(3)与休眠前相比,休眠后可溶性糖及淀粉含量增加,淀粉含量增加幅度显著,引起可溶性糖/淀粉比值降低。[结论]青海云杉休眠前贮存足够的碳水化合物保证越冬期间的细胞渗透调节及能量代谢,并且休眠后气温升高时叶片和枝条的NSC能够得到迅速补充,为新枝条萌发提供充足的碳源,反映了青海云杉在越冬期间的生存策略。 相似文献
5.
川西亚高山岷江冷杉和铁杉年轮对气候因子的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究四川卧龙亚高山森林岷江冷杉和铁杉树木年轮与气候因子的关系.结果表明:川西亚高山针叶林树木径向生长主要受气温的制约,卧龙地区岷江冷杉树轮宽度序列与当年2和4月月平均气温显著正相关(P≤0.05),而与多数月平均降水量和月平均相对湿度负相关;铁杉树轮宽度序列与上一年7月和当年2--4月月平均气温显著正相关(P≤0.05),与上一年10月和当年5月月平均降雨量显著正相关(P≤0.05),而与上一年7月及当年4和9月月平均相对湿度显著负相关(P≤0.05). 相似文献
6.
7.
[目的]基于色季拉山地区特有树种西藏红杉年轮样芯,研究西藏红杉径向生长对气温和降水量的波动响应。[方法]利用树木年代学的方法,结合TASP-Win及ARSTAN程序建立标准年表,采用Pearson及bootstrap的计算方式将年轮宽度指数与1961—2020年气温及降水分别进行相关分析。[结果]径向生长在气温波动前后存在较大的差异。在气温波动前西藏红杉与前一年8月,当年1月及6月平均气温呈正相关（P<0.05）,与前一年9—10月及12月平均降水呈正相关,与前一年8月降水呈负相关,与1月至12月的相对湿度呈显著正相关（P<0.01）。在气温发生波动后,与当年3—12月平均气温呈负相关,与前一年8月及当年6月降水为显著正相关。[结论]藏东南地区的气候条件极为特殊,气候的波动导致水热条件发生变化是限制西藏红杉径向生长的主要原因,在非生长季,气温短暂的变化对树木径向生长同样有着显著的影响。 相似文献
8.
对5年生和7年生青海云杉苗进行了不同方式的修剪,同时用不同的生长调节剂对其主干和侧枝上的芽进行了处理,发现除去青海云杉顶芽,能够促进苗木侧芽和隐芽的生长发育,提高侧芽的抽枝率,增加新枝的生长量.不同种类的生长调节剂和修剪方式对青海云杉芽的生长发育影响效果显著不同,去顶芽修剪的效果优于纺锤形修剪和篱式修剪,对于7年生苗,主干上仅留3个饱满芽的强度修剪能明显地减少主干上的芽数,使抽枝数也随之减少,处理效果最差.去顶芽能够明显的增加当年新梢数量和长于6 cm的新梢总长度,同时还能增加当年新梢上冬芽数.6BA对青海云杉芽和枝条的生长发育有较好的促进作用,抽枝宝在各个修剪处理中表现均最差,甚至在一定程度上抑制了青海云杉芽的萌发和延长生长.修剪和生长调节剂处理对5年生苗侧枝芽抽枝数影响均极显著,而对7年生苗的影响却不显著;修剪和生长调节剂的交互作用明显地影响了对7年生苗的处理效果,而对5年生苗的影响不显著.去顶芽后再用6BA涂抹青海云杉苗上的保留芽,能有效地促进青海云杉保留芽的生长发育,有利于形成更多枝条,对青海云杉采穗圃苗的处理效果最佳,强度修剪和用抽枝宝抹芽不适于青海云杉采穗圃苗的培育. 相似文献
9.
[目的]利用天山北坡中段的雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)资料,建立上、下林线的树轮宽度年表,并进行树木径向生长特征分析。[方法]将下线雪岭云杉按树龄划分为幼龄组、中龄组与老龄组,计算不同树龄雪岭云杉树木胸高断面积增长量(BAI),以此建立ARIMA模型,模拟分析雪岭云杉径向生长过程。[结果]与上树线相比,下树线的树轮宽度年表中蕴含着更多的气候信息。ARIMA模型模拟的3个树龄组雪岭云杉BAI变化中,中龄组观测值与模拟值拟合效果最优(R2=0.832)。因ARIMA模型基于单变量自身变化趋势进行建模,故结合现有气象数据进行气候突变前后生长趋势变化分析,发现幼龄雪岭云杉实测BAI总体上增长显著,但增速逐渐减缓。[结论]中、老龄雪岭云杉BAI在气温突变前呈减小趋势,在气温突变后,中龄云杉BAI趋于平稳,老龄云杉BAI由减小趋势转变为增加趋势。 相似文献
10.
通过对不同结构青海云杉林天然更新情况的调查分析,结果表明:不同生境条件下青海云杉林的树种组成、林分结构、生长状况和更新状况都有较大的差别;青海云杉的径级和高度决定着青海云杉林内不同树木个体间的竞争和分异状况,决定着不同高度级内的株数分布比例;青海云杉纯林中林分结构单一,更新良好;青海云杉+白桦混交林林分结构复杂,更新不良;青海云杉纯林下,拥有丰富的云杉种源,云杉种子饱满,保存云杉幼树数量多且生长状况好,能维持云杉种群的更新连续性和相对稳定性;林冠郁闭度为0.4时,更新情况最好;当郁闭度为0.7时,更新情况差。 相似文献
11.
Andreas Gruber Jolanda Zimmermann Gerhard Wieser Walter Oberhuber 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(5):503-503
12.
Reza Oladi Elham Elzami Kambiz Pourtahmasi Achim Bräuning 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(2):345-356
A better understanding of the ecophysiological basis of wood formation by monitoring radial growth over the whole vegetation period may help to explain possible discrepancies between long-term average climate–growth relationships and short-term climatic impacts on tree growth. To understand how growth–climate associations of Oriental beech vary throughout a vegetation period, we studied seasonal growth patterns of high-elevation beech trees growing in the north of Iran by collecting wood anatomical micro-cores in 10 to bi-weekly intervals and measuring stem increment with high-resolution electronic dendrometers. Wood formation was for two consecutive years with contrasting inter-annual climate conditions (2011 and 2012). We divided the growing period into three equal time phases and related daily climate variability to the cambial growth in each phase. The pattern of climate–growth relationships varies over a complete growing season and between years: in both study years, trees responded homogenously at the beginning and at the end of the growing season, but showed opposing influence of relative humidity during spring and early summer (June and July). Temperature as the main driver of xylogenesis had a stimulating effect on growth at the beginning of the growing season, but had negative effects on radial increment during late June and July mainly due to the excess of ambient temperatures over an optimum threshold. Higher temperature in late June and July 2011 compared with those of 2012 led to a significantly narrower tree ring in 2011, despite the similar sums/means of annual climate parameters in these two years. Since regional climate change scenarios expect higher temperature and reduced moisture conditions in future, radial growth of beech in the north of Iran may be adversely affected. 相似文献
13.
Xylem hydraulic adjustment and growth response of Quercus canariensis Willd. to climatic variability
Gea-Izquierdo G Fonti P Cherubini P Martín-Benito D Chaar H Cañellas I 《Tree physiology》2012,32(4):401-413
Global change challenges forest adaptability at the distributional limit of species. We studied ring-porous Quercus canariensis Willd. xylem traits to analyze how they adjust to spatio-temporal variability in climate. Trees were sampled along altitudinal transects, and annual time series of radial growth (ring width (RW)) and several earlywood vessel (EV) traits were built to analyze their relationships with climate. The trees responded to increasing water constraints with decreasing altitude and changes in climate in the short term but the analyses showed that xylem did not acclimate in response to long-term temperature increase during the past 30 years. The plants' adjustment to climate variability was expressed in a different but complementary manner by the different xylem traits. At low elevations, trees exhibited higher correlations with water stress indices and trees acclimated to more xeric conditions at low elevations by reducing radial growth and hydraulic diameter (D(H)) but increasing the density of vessels (DV). Average potential conductivity (K(H)) was similar for trees at different altitudes. However, inter-tree differences in xylem traits were higher than those between altitudes, suggesting a strong influence of individual genetic features or micro-site conditions. Trees exhibited higher RW those years with larger D(H) and particularly the linear density of vessels (DV(l)), but partly, climatic signals expressed in RW differed from those in EVs. Trees produced larger D(H) after cold winters and wet years. Ring width responded positively to wet and cool weather in fall and spring, whereas the response to climate of DV and K(H) was generally opposite to that of RW. These relationships likely expressed the negative impact of high respiration rates in winter on the carbon pools used to produce the EVs in the next spring and the overall positive influence of water availability for trees. Our results showed that trees at different sites were able to adjust their hydraulic architecture to climatic variability and temperature increase during recent decades coordinating several complementary traits. Nonetheless, it should be monitored whether they will succeed to acclimate to future climatic scenarios of increasing water stress. 相似文献
14.
In general, trees growing at or near their limit of distribution are more sensitive to climate than those growing at their ecological core. Here we examined the growth–climate relationship of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) close to its northern distribution limit in southern Sweden. Tree-ring width chronologies were developed from four well-separated sites where the species was dominant (Djupeåsen, DJ; Baldringe, BLD; Komperskulla, KSK and Ryssberget Nature Reserve, RYSS). The chronologies extended from 52 years (BLD) to 150 years (RYSS). Significant negative relationships were found between tree growth and previous summer (July and August) temperatures at three sites. July temperature of the year of growth had a negative relationship with beech growth at BLD and DJ. In contrast, current summer (July and August) precipitation was positively correlated with beech growth at DJ and KSK. This sensitivity of European beech to drought at its northern limit is in line with the previous research. However, following the exceptionally dry summer in southern Sweden in 1970, a marked growth decrease was noted as well as a shift in the relationship between beech growth and current growing-season temperature. Our results show that that the radial growth of European beech has become more sensitive to drought and precipitation than temperature at its northern distribution limit in the last several decades. 相似文献
15.
Mobile carbohydrates in Himalayan treeline trees I. Evidence for carbon gain limitation but not for growth limitation 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Li MH Xiao WF Wang SG Cheng GW Cherubini P Cai XH Liu XL Wang XD Zhu WZ 《Tree physiology》2008,28(8):1287-1296
To test whether the altitudinal distribution of trees is determined by a carbon shortage or an insufficient sugar fraction (sugar:starch ratio) in treeline trees, we studied the status of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and their components (total soluble sugars and starch) in Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib and Picea balfouriana var. hirtella Rehd. et Wils. trees along three elevational gradients, ranging from lower elevations to the alpine treeline, on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. For comparison, we investigated a low-altitude species (Tsuga yunnanensis (Franch.) Pritz.) which served as a warm-climate reference because it is distributed in closed montane forests below 3100 m a.s.l. in the study area. The carbon status of T. yunnanensis responded to altitude differently from that of the treeline species. At the species level, total NSC was not consistently more abundant in treeline trees than in trees of the same species growing at lower elevations. Thus there was no consistent evidence for carbon limitation of growth in treeline trees. For the three treeline species studied (P. balfouriana and A. fabri in the Kang-Ding Valley and A. fabri in the Mo-Xi Valley), winter NSC concentrations in treeline trees were significantly lower than in lower-elevation trees of the same species, suggesting that, in winter, carbon is limited in treeline trees. However, in no case was there total overwinter depletion of NSC or its components in treeline trees. Treeline and low-altitude species had similar sugar:starch ratios of about three at their upper-elevational limits in April. We conclude that survival and growth of trees at the elevational or latitudinal climate limit depend not only on NSC concentration in perennial tissues, but also on the maintenance of an overwintering sugar:starch ratio greater than three. 相似文献
16.
Yasuharu Hoshino Hitoshi Yonenobu Koh Yasue Yoshihiro Nobori Takumi Mitsutani 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(3):183-188
We developed ring-width chronologies for living trees of Japanese beech at two forest sites on the northern-most part of Honshu
Island, Japan. A statistical threshold (running expressed population signal) yielded these site chronologies spanning 1853–1994
(142 years) and 1867–1994 (128 years). We examined two factors, climate and masting, that could affect the variations of radial
growth. The response function analysis revealed that the ring width correlated positively with July and August temperatures
of the previous growth year. The optimal radial growth of Japanese beech may largely depend on a warm previous summer with
above-average temperatures. The years of good masting coincided mostly with those showing abrupt growth depression, although
only the short-term records of masting were available.
Part of this work was presented at the 6th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Kyoto, December 2005, and the 7th International
Conference on Dendrochronology, Beijing, June 2006 相似文献
17.
Tree-ring analysis was applied to assess the impacts of the fungal disease Swiss needle cast on the radial growth of mature Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in the western Oregon Coast Range. Although considered endemic to the Pacific Northwest, Swiss needle cast has significantly lowered productivity in Douglas-fir forests only in the past 20–30 years. To date, studies on Swiss needle cast impacts have almost exclusively involved young (<30 years) plantation trees. To better describe the history of Swiss needle cast and its impacts on older (>80 years) trees, we extracted tree cores from dominant and codominant Douglas-fir and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) in three even-aged stands in western Oregon. In the least affected stand growth rates of both species did not significantly differ, while at the most severely diseased site Douglas-fir radial growth was reduced by as much as 85%. Growth reductions likely associated with Swiss needle cast were dated to as early as 1950, though the most severe impacts occurred after 1984. An index of Swiss needle cast severity significantly (p < 0.01) related to instrumental records of air temperatures such that warm conditions from March through August were associated with reduced radial growth at the most severely affected site. Overall, this study demonstrates that even mature forests of natural origin are susceptible to severe growth reductions by Swiss needle cast, that warmer spring and summer temperatures are associated with Swiss needle cast impacts, and that the disease appears to be increasing in severity. 相似文献
18.
In order to detect the effects of climate change on Erman's birch (Betula ermanii Charm.), we examined radial growth—climate relationships of Erman's birch forests at their upper limit of distribution in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. Thirty Erman's birch trees from six stands were sampled at an elevation of about 1950 m a.s.l. Correlation and response function coefficients indicated that radial growth of Erman's birch was positively influenced by previous August, October and current February temperature, and previous winter, and current March, June and September precipitation. In addition, radial growth showed a negative relationship to previous August and current June sunshine ratio. Precipitation and temperatures in annualization periods also positively affected the radial growth of Erman's birch. Regression analyses indicated that precipitation explained more variation in radial growth than minimum temperature. Together, these results suggested that climate affected radial growth of Erman's birch through altering soil water availability. Therefore, the radial growth of Erman's birch at the tree line in Changbai Mountain could not be predicted by temperature alone even under a scenario of global warming. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(4):304-316
Variation in radial increment at different stem heights was compared with stem volume increment and height increment using thinning experiments of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in southern Finland. The magnitude of growth variation was similar on trees from different crown classes and stand densities. However, there was higher autocorrelation in the codominant and intermediate trees and trees on dense plots. The relationship between short-term volume increment and radial increment variation at breast height was not affected by thinnings. While short-term growth variation was similar at different stem heights, some evidence was found for differences in medium-term variation between radial increment at breast height and volume increment. Height increment reacted to unfavourable climatic events later than radial and volume increment. Radial and volume increments were negatively correlated to temperature and positively correlated to precipitation of the current summer. Height increment was positively related to current early summer temperature, but negatively to temperature of the previous summer. 相似文献
20.
《Forest Ecology and Management》2004,201(1):89-104
Samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) were dendrochronologically investigated in order to detect infestations by Dendroctonus micans (Kug.), the great spruce bark beetle (Col. Scolytidae), a relatively recent introduction to France. Uninfested natural forests located in the north-eastern French Alps and heavily infested plantations in the Ardèche region (Massif Central) were compared. The penetration holes bored in trunks by the bark beetle induced visible marks on wood, such as extreme ring width reductions, locally missing rings and crescent-shaped resin patches between consecutive rings that make possible a post-infestation dating.The outbreak began in 1979, 5 years prior to first insect visual detection by foresters. In the infested forest, tree basal area growth was not as sustained as in uninfested natural stands, but showed an inflection point at an unusually young tree age (from 30 to 40 years). Ring widths showing extreme synchronous radial growth reductions were caused either by excessively cold periods (e.g. in 1948, 1980, 1984, 1992) or by summer drought (as in 1986). Most of these weak growth years were shared with uninfested sites. In healthy forests, the consequences of extremely cold years were usually recorded only in high elevation stands, especially near the timberline, whereas summer drought effects were mostly visible in low altitude forests. By contrast, both phenomena were recorded in the infected Ardèche plantation. An analysis of tree-rings and monthly climate confirmed that Norway spruce growth in Ardèche plantations was reduced by excessively low minimum temperature during most parts of the year prior to ring formation, by higher than average maximum temperature during current spring and summer, and by drought in winter, spring and summer. Thus, the regional Ardèche climate with both cold winters and dry summers (especially in July) seems to weaken spruce trees planted there. Moreover, tree sensitivity to climate was found to be greatly enhanced by insect infestation. Such interactions between climatic stress and insect outbreak led to forest dieback in a 15–20-year period, when trees were still young (less than 70 years), and without any tree recovery. Therefore, in that region spruce plantations should be replaced by non-host species of Dendroctonus micans, especially where soil conditions may exacerbate drought effects. 相似文献