共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
NaCl胁迫对2个蓝莓品种幼苗生长及离子吸收、运输和分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《林业科学》2017,(10)
【目的】研究不同浓度NaCl处理下2个高丛蓝莓品种幼苗的盐响应,以揭示其盐适应机制,为耐盐蓝莓品种选育及合理栽培提供依据。【方法】以北高丛蓝莓‘蓝丰’和南高丛蓝莓‘奥尼尔’2年生扦插苗为材料,在盆栽条件下经0、100、200和300 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl溶液处理40天,研究幼苗干物质积累量、叶片受害情况以及矿质离子(Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Cl~-)含量变化及其在根、茎、叶中积累、运输与分布特征。【结果】1)随着NaCl浓度的增加,各器官干物质量逐渐降低,其中‘蓝丰’在低盐(100 mmol·L~(-1))处理下,干物质量降低不明显,在高盐(200~300mmol·L~(-1))处理下明显降低,而‘奥尼尔’在盐处理下干物质量明显低于对照;2个蓝莓品种盐害指数明显增大,但相同盐浓度处理下,‘蓝丰’盐害指数低于‘奥尼尔’。2)随着盐胁迫的加重,2个蓝莓品种幼苗各器官Na~+和Cl~-含量均明显增大,叶片盐离子积累量高于根和茎,各器官K~+含量降低,根Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)含量以及茎Mg~(2+)含量降低;‘奥尼尔’茎Ca~(2+)含量与对照无明显差异,而‘蓝丰’茎Ca~(2+)含量明显高于对照;2个蓝莓品种幼苗叶Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)含量总体上与对照无明显差异。盐胁迫下,‘奥尼尔’茎、叶Na~+和Cl~-含量以及根Cl~-含量均高于‘蓝丰’;而‘蓝丰’各器官Mg~(2+)含量均高于‘奥尼尔’。3)盐胁迫下,2个蓝莓品种根、茎、叶中K~+/Na~+、Ca~(2+)/Na~+和Mg~(2+)/Na~+值随盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势,且显著低于对照;在高盐处理下,‘蓝丰’叶离子比值高于‘奥尼尔’。4)盐胁迫下,2个蓝莓品种从根到茎的离子选择性运输能力高于对照;从茎到叶和从根到叶的离子选择性运输能力低于对照,其中‘蓝丰’从根到叶片钾和镁离子选择性运输能力强于‘奥尼尔’。【结论】低浓度盐胁迫对‘蓝丰’生长影响较小,对‘奥尼尔’生长影响较大;高浓度盐胁迫对2个蓝莓品种生长均产生较大影响。盐胁迫下,‘蓝丰’幼苗体内Na~+和Cl~-积累量低于‘奥尼尔’,各器官Mg~(2+)积累量高于‘奥尼尔’,保持体内离子平衡能力以及钾和镁的整体离子选择性运输能力强于‘奥尼尔’,这可能是其耐盐性强于‘奥尼尔’的原因。 相似文献
2.
以黑果枸杞‘黑杞1号’和宁夏枸杞‘宁杞7号’的1年生幼苗为试材,用NaCl和Na_2CO_3溶液进行处理,研究盐胁迫条件下,枸杞幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,2种枸杞在NaCl和Na_2CO_3胁迫下,幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的变化趋势基本相同,但不同盐不同品种间幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数值存在差异。生长特性方面,盐胁迫主要影响株高和基径;在光合和叶绿素荧光特性方面,盐胁迫主要影响的参数有P_n、G_s、C_i、T_r、Ф_(PSⅡ)、F_o、F_m、F_v/F_m、C_(qP)、C_(qN)、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量,其中,P_n、G_s、C_i、F_o、C_(qP)、Ф_(PSⅡ)和总叶绿素含量与对照相比差异显著,T_r、F_m、F_v/F_m、C_(qN)、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量与对照相比无显著差异。NaCl胁迫后,‘黑杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’幼苗的生长量、光合速率分别在1.3 mol·L~(-1)和1.2 mol·L~(-1)时达到最高值,在1.5 mol·L~(-1)时,达到耐盐极限值;Na_2CO_3胁迫后,‘黑杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’幼苗的生长量、光合速率在0.1 mol·L~(-1)时达到最高值,分别在0.4 mol·L~(-1)和0.5 mol·L~(-1)达到耐盐极限值。所以,‘黑杞1号’耐盐能力强于‘宁杞7号’,且Na_2CO_3对枸杞幼苗影响显著大于NaCl。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对紫薇3个新品种的生长与生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《西部林业科学》2017,(4)
以美国紫薇3个新品种1年生扦插苗为材料,在塑料大棚内采用盆栽浇灌NaCl溶液的方法,研究不同NaCl浓度(0、0.10%、0.25%、0.40%、0.55%、0.70%)对幼苗生长与生理特性的影响。结果表明,在不同盐浓度胁迫下,紫薇3个新品种的相对株高生长量和地径生长量都受到了明显的抑制;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和GSH含量随NaCl浓度的增加而减少;MDA含量随NaCl浓度的增加而增加。生理指标的测定、比较和相关性分析显示,3个新品种的耐盐程度依次为‘红叶’紫薇‘红火球’紫薇‘红火箭’紫薇,这与盐胁迫后的形态特征结果相一致。 相似文献
4.
利用中性盐NaCl、碱性盐Na2CO3及混合盐碱(NaCl∶ Na2CO3=1∶1)设置3种盐碱胁迫处理,研究平欧杂种榛“辽榛3号”在不同类型、不同浓度的盐碱胁迫下生长指标及内源激素的变化,分析各内源激素与生长指标的相关关系.结果表明:3种盐碱胁迫对平欧杂种榛株高、新梢长度及叶片数净生长量、地上部生物量、总生物量抑制作用明显,且NaCl胁迫＞混合盐碱胁迫＞Na2CO3胁迫,而各处理根冠比显著增加;低浓度盐碱胁迫对地径有明显的增粗效应,在50、100 mmol·L-1 Na2CO3胁迫下,地下部生物量显著增加;此外,NaCl胁迫还显著降低了平欧杂种榛叶片含水量.3种胁迫条件下,平欧杂种榛叶片的ABA含量明显增加,且(GA+ IAA+ ZR)/ABA比值与对照相比均显著降低,同时发现Na2CO3胁迫下ABA积累更快,且与胁迫浓度无关,而NaCl胁迫下ABA含量与胁迫浓度显著正相关.相关分析表明:(GA+ IAA+ZR)/ABA比值与株高、新梢长度、新梢叶片数存在显著正相关,而与根冠比呈极显著的负相关.由上可知,平欧杂种榛在中性盐下的生长指标受抑制程度大于碱性盐和混合盐碱,不同盐碱胁迫下内源激素响应特征也存在差异,表明平欧杂种榛对Na2CO3的耐受力高于NaCl. 相似文献
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《林业实用技术》2021,(7)
以观赏价值高和抗逆性较强的‘堰虹桂’(Osmanthus fragrans‘Yanhong’)作为试验材料,研究了不同浓度(CK、3‰、5‰和7‰)盐(NaCl)胁迫对其幼苗生长、光合作用、蒸腾速率以及根系和叶片中Na~+和K~+分配的影响,以期判断该类植物是否耐盐以及耐盐的范围。研究发现,随着盐胁迫的增加,‘堰虹桂’幼苗抽梢量不受影响,但高生长在5‰和7‰时受到明显抑制;植株光合作用和蒸腾速率显著降低;随盐胁迫的增加,根系和叶片中的Na~+含量以及Na~+/K~+总体增加,而K~+含量则显著降低。通过生长和生理生化指标的综合分析发现,‘堰虹桂’若作为滨海盐渍化土壤绿化植物,只适合在3‰的土壤盐浓度下种植。 相似文献
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盐胁迫对‘南林895’杨组培再生芽生根及抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以‘南林895’杨经组培获得的2 cm长再生芽为试验材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理下再生芽不定根发生能力及其耐盐能力。结果表明:‘南林895’杨再生芽在75 mmol/L以下能够正常产生不定根,100 mmol/L完全抑制不定根的形成。25～50 mmol/L盐处理能够促进‘南林895’杨再生芽不定根的伸长,增加根数,提高叶绿素a及总叶绿素的含量。25 mmol/L处理的SOD、CAT、POD、GR 4种保护酶与对照之间没有显著性差异,MDA含量和电导率也低于对照;而在高浓度盐处理下(75～100 mmol/L),SOD、CAT、GR保护酶活性下降,导致膜透性加大,MDA含量增加,POD和AsA-POD酶活性的提高有助于缓解盐胁迫对‘南林895’杨造成的氧化损伤。 相似文献
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采用盆栽方法,以俄罗斯桃叶卫矛组织培养苗为材料,用不同浓度(0,40,80,120mmol/L)的NaCl溶液进行处理,对盐胁迫下俄罗斯桃叶卫矛的形态表现和叶绿素含量、膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理指标进行研究。结果表明:在盐胁迫下植物的株高生长量逐渐受到抑制;叶绿素含量随盐浓度的增加呈现下降趋势;膜透性、MDA、SOD、POD活性均随盐浓度增加而增加;40—80mmol/L的NaCl低浓度溶液胁迫后促进了俄罗斯桃叶卫矛根冠比的增加,而高浓度(120mmol/L)NaCl溶液抑制了根冠比的增加。进一步酶活指标分析表明,在盐胁迫下,植株的叶片质膜结构受到一定的伤害,但MDA含量差异不明显,而SOD和POD活性随着盐浓度升高显著上升。研究认为,俄罗斯桃叶卫矛通过提高植株的抗氧化能力来抵抗盐胁迫造成的伤害,对盐胁迫具有较强的适应能力。 相似文献
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采用水培方式对6个树种盐胁迫后的生长、生理指标进行研究,结果表明:盐胁迫对不同树种苗高净生长量和生物量、根、茎、叶干质量抑制明显,各树种根冠比随胁迫浓度的增加而上升.相对电导率、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量在浓度梯度上差异显著,并随NaCl浓度的增加和处理时间的延长表现出逐渐增加的趋势;在中低盐度胁迫下增加趋势不明显,在高盐度胁迫下迅速上升;各指标在胁迫浓度和胁迫时间上存在交互作用,不同树种对盐胁迫的响应浓度和时间有差异.利用主成分分析法,筛选出苗高增长量、脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、叶片盐害指数、生物量、相对电导率6个指标作为树种耐盐性评价的指标,采用生长、生理指标与对照的比值,用坐标综合评定法评定的树种耐盐性依次为:旱柳、弗栎>美国皂荚、洋白蜡、蜡杨梅>美国悬铃木. 相似文献
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【目的】探究高浓度氯盐胁迫下桧柏容器苗施加不同质量分数黄腐酸钾(FA-K)后的生长和生理特性,揭示FA-K缓解高浓度氯盐胁迫下桧柏的生理响应机制及差异性,为冬季北方高速公路中央分隔绿化带桧柏的管理维护提供技术支撑。【方法】选取2年生桧柏容器苗开展盆栽试验,以正常生长为对照,设置0.7%NaCl和0.7%CaCl2 2种盐分,每种盐分设置0、0.05%、0.10%、0.30%和0.50%5种质量分数FA-K处理,测定各处理下桧柏苗生长指标(苗高生长量、地径生长量、生物量、根冠比)、光合色素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素)、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、渗透调节物质(脯氨酸、可溶性糖)含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。【结果】1) 0.7%CaCl2胁迫对桧柏苗生长的抑制作用大于0.7%NaCl胁迫;0.7%CaCl2胁迫下桧柏苗除可溶性糖和类胡萝卜素含量低于NaCl胁迫外,其他生理指标(叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、相对电导率、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性)均高于NaCl... 相似文献
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【目的】为揭示接骨木无性系在盐害胁迫下的生长生理指标的响应,确定接骨木对盐渍环境的适应能力及耐盐性,为盐碱地造林提供优良无性系。【方法】以接骨木属3个种的7个无性系为试验材料,采用盆栽试验的方法,利用不同浓度的NaCl溶液进行胁迫处理,比较不同处理下各无性系的生长、生理等指标的变化,结合主成分分析对不同无性系进行综合评价。【结果】受NaCl胁迫的影响,7个接骨木无性系的苗高、地径和生长量增量生长指标均表现出下降的趋势,其中,无性系XY-2的生长指标受NaCl胁迫影响最小,较对照T0,其苗高降幅14.9%,表现出较强的耐盐性;各无性系根冠比和细胞膜透性指标出现升高趋势,无性系JY-1和XY-3的根冠比增幅最大,较对照T0,增幅分别为84.0%和88.2%。无性系PT-3和XY-1的细胞膜透性增幅最小;7个接骨木无性系的叶绿素含量不断下降,较对照T0,无性系XY-3的叶绿素含量最大,下降幅度为44.3%,且呈显著性差异水平;7个接骨木无性系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均不同程度地出现先上升后下降的趋势,无性系PT-3的SOD值最大;渗透调节物可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量均随NaCl胁迫浓度增加而增加,可溶性糖含量增幅最大的无性系为XY-3和XY-1,较对照T0,增幅分别为2.13倍和1.79倍。在溶液盐分浓度6‰胁迫下,7个接骨木无性系中脯氨酸含量最大的无性系是XY-1。【结论】综合评价得出接骨木无性系耐盐程度由强到弱依次为XY-2、XY-3、XY-1、JY-1、PT-1、PT-3、PT-2。其中,无性系XY-2、XY-3具有较强耐盐性,可作为耐盐接骨木无性系材料进行下一步研究。 相似文献
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GAO Jian PENG Zhen-hua 《林业研究》2006,17(4):269-272
Introduction Salinity is a major factor in inhibiting plant growth and decreasing forest productivity. Up to 1997, the total area affected by salinity in the world had amounted to 930 million hm2 (FAO), and is still increasing. A global study of land use … 相似文献
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采用自制潮汐模拟系统培养红树植物老鼠簕幼苗,设置7个相对于自然光5％、15％、20％、45％、60％、75％、100％的光照强度,研究了不同光强对老鼠簕幼苗从发芽至生长10个月的生理生态影响.随着光照强度的升高,幼苗的保存率、苗高、地径、根干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量、单株生物量、根冠比、根系活力、叶面积、叶绿素a、b含量均是先升后降;可溶性糖含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、最大净光合速率随光强增大而增加.在淹浸30 min内,不同光照强度的净光合速率均有增大的表现,而气孔导度均降低,且最终均稳定在初始值以下.试验表明:光照强度为45％时,多数生理生态指标表现为促进植物的生长;当光照强度为20％时,老鼠簕幼苗通过降低根冠比、光补偿点,增加苗高、叶绿素含量、叶面积和表观量子利用效率来提高自身光能获取的效率;当光照强度为5％时,光照会显著抑制幼苗的生长,但保存率依然在60％以上.可以认为,极低的光照强度致使幼苗生长缓慢,但并不影响其自然定居的密度;同时,在不同光强下,老鼠簕光饱和点和光补偿点均很低.以上可以解释淇澳岛红树林林下存在高密度老鼠簕的原因是由于其自身拥有高的耐阴能力,同时对光照减弱有极强的适应能力. 相似文献
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The effects of culture media and light intensity on in vitro growth of Oncidium ‘Aloha Iwanga‘ were investigated under CO2 enrichment condition. Height, fresh and dry weight of the Oncidium seedlings were measured, and the leaf number per plant, shoot number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content were also investigated. The results were as follows: 1) The seedling height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content of the shoots growing on MS complete culture medium were higher than those on 1/2MS, VW and 1/2VW media. The root number per plant and ratio of dry matter of the seedlings cultured on 1/2MS and 1/2VW media were higher than those on MS and VW; 2) The seedling height, flesh weight, dry weight, dry matter ratio and leaf chlorophyll content, leaf length, leaf width, root length, leaf number per plant, root number per plant of seedlings of Oncidium growing under 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx were higher than those under 750 lx. However, there was no significant difference in those growth parameters mentioned above while dealing with 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx except for the seedling height. Nevertheless, the leaf color of plants under 4 500 lx was lighter and the leaves of the lower parts became yellowish in comparison with those growing under 1 700 lx. 相似文献
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Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and
seedling growth of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms (EM) are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in
a solution. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung (3:1) kept in polybags with pouring EM solution
at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) before and after a week of sowing the seeds. Seed germination
rate and growth parameters of seedlings were measured, such as, shoot and root length, vigor index, fresh and dry weight of
shoot and root and total biomass increment. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the measurement
of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate (69%) was observed in 2% EM treatment, followed by 67% and 65%
in 1% and 5% EM. The highest shoot length (33.2 cm) was in 2% EM, whereas highest root length (26.3 cm) was in 1% EM. Both
fresh and dry weights from shoot and root, were maximum (4.16 g and 1.57 g; 2.12 g and 0.83 g respectively) in 2% EM and were
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Vigor index was highest (4071) in 2% EM, which was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Total dry weight increment was highest in 2% EM treatment, followed by 1% and 5% concentrations
of EM. Nodulation number was higher at very low (0.1%) concentration of EM solution but it normally decreased with the increase
of EM concentrations. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were highest (60.11, 17.05 and 42.48 mg·L−1 respectively) in 2% EM treatment and lowest (39.35, 13.55 and 27.29 mg·L−1 respectively) in control treatment. Therefore, low concentration of EM (up to 2%) can be used for getting maximum seed germination
rate and seedling development of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 相似文献
16.
在人工模拟干旱的条件下,研究了自美国引种培育的岩榆、南方岩榆和国产白榆1 a生幼苗的叶片相对含水量(RWC)、电导率和叶绿素含量的变化情况,同时调查水分胁迫后期幼苗的存活率.结果表明:水分胁迫初期,3种榆树幼苗的叶片RWC、质膜透性、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均呈增加趋势;水分胁迫中期(第24天)白榆、南方岩榆的叶绿素总量呈现最大值,后开始缓慢下降,而岩榆仍继续上升至第30天后才开始下降,但各种幼苗叶片叶绿素a/b均增加.自然干旱初中期的RWC下降缓慢,后期失水迅速,白榆失水速率明显快于岩榆、南方岩榆.水分胁迫后期白榆叶片出现萎蔫,叶缘叶尖枯黄均早于南方岩榆、岩榆,萎蔫枯黄总数也最多,其次分别是南方岩榆、岩榆.因此,岩榆最耐干旱,南方岩榆次之,白榆较不耐旱. 相似文献
17.
Stockplants of Eucalyptus grandis were pruned to a height of 7–10 cm and after 3 weeks were placed in growth cabinets set at a photon flux density (PFD) of 200 μmol m−2 s−1 and red to far-red ratios of 0.4, 0.7, 1.3, 3.5 or 6.5. Experiments tested the effects of light quality on growth and gas exchange of stockplants. Light quality did not affect the total shoot dry weight (DW), root DW or shoot to root ratio of stockplants or their total leaf area. However, there were significant effects of light quality on: (i) plant height, which was greatest at red:far-red (R:FR) ratios of 0.4 and 0.7; (ii) partitioning of DW between leaves and stems, with greater stem DW and less leaf DW at low R:FR ratios (0.4 and 0.7); (iii) partitioning of DW and leaf area between the most dominant shoot and all other (non-dominant) shoots; (iv) specific leaf area, which was greatest at low R:FR ratios. In the above characters, the dominance ratio (ratio of most dominant shoot to sum of all other shoots) was greatest at low R:FR ratios and least at ratios of 3.5 and 6.5. Photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area and leaf chlorophyll concentration significantly increased with increasing R:FR ratio. However, photosynthesis per unit chlorophyll concentration was significantly greater at low R:FR ratios. Generally, light quality had no significant effect on photosynthetic rate per leaf or per unit dry weight, but rates of transpiration, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency increased with an increase in R:FR ratio. These data indicate that compensatory changes in plant morphology and gas exchange caused equality in total dry weight per plant between treatments. The above effects of light quality on dry matter partitioning and gas exchange had important effects on the size, number, morphology and physiology of subsequently collected cuttings for vegetative propagation. 相似文献
18.
JI Meifeng YIN Ji ao LIU Zhenying HUO Jia'an GUO Rui School of Environmental Science Safety Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin P.R.China 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2011,(3):39-49
The growth and morphological characteristics of 25 species of poplar were investigated. The cuttings were cultivated in Hoagland Nutrient Solution, which was made with sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions of concentration of 1.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, 6.00, and 8.00 g/L, respectively. Under such salt stress, the new branch length and biomass accumulation of cuttings decreased as the salt concentration increased. The root/shoot ratio of most of species showed an escalation and then reduction tendency. Under low con... 相似文献