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木材DNA条形码鉴定研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
木材种属鉴定具备显著的生物学与经济意义, 但传统的以显微特征观察为主的方法已不能适应高通量和精细化鉴别的需要。DNA条形码是根据特定基因片段的序列差异, 利用生物信息学技术对生物物种进行快速分类与鉴别的方法。近年来, DNA条形码技术已被陆续应用于木本植物及相应木材的种质鉴定, 在目标基因选择、木材DNA提取及生物信息学分析等方面均取得显著进展。在使用优化的微量DNA提取技术的前提下, 干燥木材中也可提取出满足扩增要求的DNA。经过生命条形码联盟等国际机构的长期努力, 确定了rbcL+ matK组合等通用植物条形码标记及ITS2等补充标记, 并建立了BOLD等数据库系统。传统的条形码序列分析主要通过BLAST比对、遗传距离分析及系统进化分析来实现, 近年来随着生物信息学的发展, DNA条码数据库不断完善, 新的数据分析方法和软件正不断涌现。文中在总结现有研究成果和实施规范的基础上, 综述国内外应用DNA条形码技术进行木材鉴别的新进展, 并着重阐述新型序列分析方法和相应的生物信息学工具。 相似文献
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应用叶绿体ndhF和rbcL序列对绿绒蒿属藏药植物欧贝:长叶绿绒蒿Meconopsis lancifolia、全缘叶绿绒蒿Meconopsis integrifolia、红花绿绒蒿Meconopsis punicea、尼泊尔绿绒蒿Meconopsis napaulensis;刺儿恩:总状绿绒蒿Meconopsis racemosa、多刺绿绒蒿Meconopsis horridula进行鉴别,对其序列特征差异和亲缘关系进行分析。PCR直接测序后获得六种绿绒蒿的rbcL和ndhF的部分序列。用Clustal X2.1和MEGA6.06等软件分析得到任意两种间均有变异位点和遗传距离,根据rbcL和ndhF基因部分序列数据分别建立系统树。rbcL序列分析显示,任意两种间有变异位点;ndhF序列分析显示,除总状绿绒蒿(居群1)和多刺绿绒蒿序列无明显差异外,其他任意两种间均有位点变异。根据叶绿体ndhF和rbcL基因序列数据可以很好的鉴别6种绿绒蒿属藏药植物。 相似文献
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对福建山樱花、11份日本樱花品种和6份选优材料进行了标记,通过筛选出来的12条引物进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增。结果显示,共获得144个位点,多态性位点135个,多态性占93.75%。选取引物UBC808和UBC835构建指纹图谱,简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分子标记能有效地对18份樱属材料进行区分和鉴定。供试材料间的遗传相似系数在0.4532~0.8333之间,平均0.6337;遗传距离在0.1823~0.7651之间。通过非加权组平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析,在遗传相似性系数为0.5899时,可将18份樱属材料划分为4大类,其中选优材料与福建山樱花或日本樱花亲缘关系较近,但在花色、花期等方面有一定差异,且能区分和鉴定供试材料的亲缘关系。研究结果能为国内樱花新品种鉴定、优选和商品化等提供参考依据。 相似文献
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张妍 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2020,43(2):96-99,75
文章对采集到的一株野生大型真菌子实体进行了菌种分离,并对获得的菌丝进行了rDNA ITS序列分析。结合形态鉴定,对分离株r DNA ITS片段进行PCR扩增,扩增产物长度为649 bp,登录NCBI与GenBank中已知的菌种进行Blastn比对,序列相似性在99%~91%之间,下载相似性高的菌种的ITS序列,通过ClustalW进行序列比对,MEGA5.2构建系统发育树,通过树图分析,鉴定出分离的菌株为紫丁香蘑纯菌种。然后,对紫丁香蘑液体菌种培养进行了初步探索,其中配方3生长速度最快,适宜紫丁香蘑液体菌剂培养。 相似文献
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贺兰山地区青海云杉外生菌根的形态类型及分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从形态学、解剖学角度并利用对外生菌根真菌rDNA的ITS区段的PCR扩增产物分析,对内蒙古段贺兰山地区青海云杉外生菌根形态多样性进行初步研究,并对其外生菌根真菌物种多样性进行分子鉴定。结果表明:1)与青海云杉共生的外生菌根有11种不同的类型;2)经对11种不同类型的菌根真菌rDNA的ITS区段碱基序列测定并运用GenBank的序列局部相似性查询系统(BLAST)软件比对,共鉴定到种水平7株,属水平2株,科水平2株,其中子囊菌为2株,其余都为担子菌;3)在形态、解剖学分类的基础上对外生菌根根尖进行分子鉴定,二者鉴定结果一致。 相似文献
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美国白蛾是一种危害性极大的世界性检疫害虫。为研发美国白蛾的准确、快速的分子鉴定技术,克服单纯依赖形态学方法为主的局限性,本研究以美国白蛾及其形态近似的8种蛾类的线粒体COⅠ基因为模板,筛选得到美国白蛾的特异性DNA序列,并以此设计出针对美国白蛾快速鉴定的MGB探针,应用荧光PCR方法对美国白蛾进行特异性的扩增,并进行DNA条形码比较分析。结果显示,美国白蛾及其近似种的DNA条码都为各物种所独有,不存在物种之间的共享。该结果表明该条码在美国白蛾及其近似种中有很好的识别能力,可以用于美国白蛾的物种鉴定。本项目的研究结果为美国白蛾的口岸检疫鉴定、森防部门的监测和除治提供了新型技术手段。 相似文献
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《中国林副特产》2017,(5)
为构建猴头菇品种专属的DNA条形码。应用分子生物学方法、选定β-tubulin基因作为条形码序列的目标基因,依据NCBI中猴头菇β-tubulin基因序列的全长,设计了一对用于扩增目标基因的引物:Betu-F1:ATGCGTGAAATCGTCCACC;Betu-R2:GAAGACGGGGGAAAGGAAC。应用上述引物对现有的19个猴头菇的品种进行PCR鉴定。测序后的序列结合BLAST、Clustal、MEGA、BioEdit等软件分析、比对得到多态性位点,分析多态性位点设计出构建条形码序列的特异性引物。经验证表明,猴头菇RT9品种的3个特有的条形码成功获得。试验结果表明,实验成功获得的DNA条形码序列可以将猴头菇RT9品种与猴头菇的其它品种区分鉴定。 相似文献
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从西南桦幼苗猝倒病的病苗中分离获得频率最高的猝倒病病原菌,通过病原菌的形态特征、培养性状和致病性测定的方法对引起西南桦幼苗猝倒病的病原菌进行了分离鉴定,采用PCR技术扩增病菌rDNA-ITS基因,获得一长度为560～634 bp的DNA片段,序列测定结果表明,该片段序列与尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌序列的同源性均达到了99%;致病性试验结果表明,该菌具有较强的致病性,发病率高达100%。综合两种方法鉴定结果,尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌是该地区西南桦苗木猝倒病的致病菌。 相似文献
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《山西林业科技》2018,(4)
为了保护濒危物种丽豆(Calophaca)的生物多样性,测定天然分布于太原天龙山、晋中乌金山、甘肃庆城丽豆的ITS2和psb A-trnH序列,实施了DNA条形码物种鉴定。这3种产地分布的丽豆ITS2序列完全相同,同时psb A-trnH序列也完全相同,证明是同一物种。这两条DNA序列尚未被美国NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information,USA) DNA序列数据库收录。依据《中国植物志》记载,山西省分布丽豆种名为Calophaca sinica Rehd,测定的ITS2和psb A-trnH序列可以认为是Calophaca sinica Rehd的DNA条形码系列,可作为基于DNA条形码物种鉴定的对照序列。 相似文献
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The plant Asparagus racemosus is one of the most widely used sources of phytoestrogens because of its high content of the steroidal saponins, shatavarins I-IV, in roots. The dry root of A. racemosus, known as "Rak-Sam-Sip" in Thai, is one of the most popular herbal medicines, used as an anti-inflammatory, an aphrodisiac and a galactagogue. Recently, the interest in plant-derived estrogens has increased tremendously, making A. racemosus particularly important and a possible target for fraudulent labeling. However, the identification of A. racemosus is generally difficult due to its similar morphology to other Asparagus spp. Thus, accurate authentication of A. racemosus is essential. In this study, 1557-bp nucleotide sequences of the maturase K (matK) gene of eight Asparagus taxa were analyzed. A phylogenetic relationship based on the matK gene was also constructed. Ten polymorphic sites of nucleotide substitutions were found within the matK sequences. A. racemosus showed different nucleotide substitutions to the other species. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the matK gene was developed to discriminate A. racemosus from others. Only the 650-bp PCR product from A. racemosus could be digested with BssKI into two fragments of 397 and 253-bp while the products of other species remained undigested. Ten commercially crude drugs were analyzed and revealed that eight samples were derived from A. racemosus while two samples of that were not. Thus, the PCR-RFLP analysis of matK gene was shown to be an effective method for authentication of the medicinally phytoestrogenic species, A. racemosus. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,(1)
Picea mongolica is a conifer with a limited distribution in China and its taxonomic status is controversial.In order to explore genetic differences between P.mongolica and other nearby Picea species and to investigate its taxonomic status,phylogenetic relationships were analyzed between P.mongolica and Picea koraiensis,Picea meyeri and Picea wilsonii by three chloroplast gene sequences matK,chIB and atpA.The length of joint chloroplast sequence is 2379 bp.The fifteen haplotypes were identified by haplotype network analysis,among which two were major haplotypes and nine were unique.In addition,the genetic diversity of the sample collection species was inferred.Based on the haplotype network and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic tree analysis,P.mongolica was located on the basal clade of the phylogenetic tree which had more primitive taxa,and the genetic diversity of P.mongolica was highest.The significant differences between P.mongolica and these other Picea species were identified by this research. 相似文献
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Assessment of plant species diversity of ancient tea garden communities in Yunnan, Southwest of China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ancient tea garden has existed in Lancang County, Yunnan Province for more than 1,300 years, and is regarded as the provenance of Pu’er Tea’s seed source. The ancient tea garden ecosystem is a typical model that integrates conservation biodiversity and utilization of natural resources. In order to reveal the role of biodiversity conservation of this ecosystem, plant diversity and application value of ancient tea gardens, normal tea gardens and secondary forestry communities in Lancang County were surveyed and compared. 360 households investigation were also conducted by using household-based agro-biodiversity assessment (HH-ABA). The results showed: (1) Ancient tea garden communities have high biodiversity, whose plant species diversity (H = 3.03) is lower than that of secondary forestry (H = 4.59) and higher than that of normal tea garden (H = 2.62); (2) Life forms analysis of plant species showed the vertical structure of the ancient tea garden communities are intact, herbs, trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes are included, which is similar to that of secondary forest, while normal tea garden is dominant by herbs and no trees; (3) A large number of protected species, including five endangered, seven vulnerable and three rare, is well conserved in the ancient tea garden, while no protected species were found in secondary forest and normal tea garden; (4) The analysis of agro-biodiversity revealed that 56 % of plant species in the ancient tea garden are effectively used by households, while no plant except tea trees is used in normal tea garden; (5) The integrated values of ancient tea garden and normal tea garden illustrated that both biodiversity conservation and economic income of ancient tea garden are higher than that of normal tea garden. We suggest that the local peoples’ knowledge and experience on resource management and utilization should be well documented and encouraged, and effective conservation and reasonable utilization of ancient tea garden would be achieved through training and demonstration with the participation of the local government, research institution and farmer. 相似文献
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福建三明仙人谷国家森林公园竹类观赏园竹子种类及生长状况调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
实地调查了福建省三明市仙人谷国家森林公园竹类观赏园的竹种类及生长情况。结果显示:竹类观赏园主要竹种有101种,分别属于禾本科竹亚科14个属;竹类观赏园中,超过91%的竹种生长发育处于良好及以上水平,少数竹种易受病虫害、冻害、旱害的影响。竹类观赏园存在的问题主要有:竹种种类少,每个竹种植株数量不足;园区规划与周边环境不协调;竹种缺乏科学养护;园区建设资金投入不足。针对存在的问题提出了相应的解决对策。 相似文献
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隐喻思维是一种观物取象,以己度物地认识、理解事物的思维方式。在园林艺术创作与欣赏中,隐喻思维拓展了园林时空,丰富了园林内涵,深化了园林意境,使园林艺术作品（每一座经典的古典园林）更为个性化、多样化、模糊化。使游览园林的人获得更为丰富的精神享受。 相似文献
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广泛调查了温州地区野生地被植物种类,初步筛选出82种,利用园林植物应用的评价体系,进行评价分级,确定10种最适宜园林应用的地被植物,介绍6种地被植物园林应用情况. 相似文献