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3种生物农药对悬铃木方翅网蝽的室内毒力及解毒酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
室内条件下采用浸叶法分别测定苦参碱、阿维菌素、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)3种药剂对悬铃木方翅网蝽1,5龄若虫和成虫的毒力;采用生化方法测定3种药剂对不同虫态悬铃木方翅网蝽的羧酸酯酶(CarE)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性影响。结果表明:3种药剂对方翅网蝽具有较好的毒杀效果,校正死亡率均随着浓度的增加而升高。1龄若虫对药剂的敏感性最强,5龄若虫和成虫的敏感性相近。3种药剂中苦参碱的毒力最高,对1,5龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为0.1957,194.9和197.3mg·L-1;其次为阿维菌素,对不同虫态的LC50分别为10.66,420.5和472.0mg·L-1;苏云金杆菌对不同虫态的LC50分别为3.23,1414.2和6967.2mg·L-1。3种药剂处理后,悬铃木方翅网蝽不同虫态的羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性均产生不同程度的诱导效应。以苏云金杆菌处理的解毒酶活性增强最明显,1,5龄若虫和成虫的3种解毒酶活性均明显高于对照;其次为阿维菌素处理,3种虫态的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性,1龄若虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和成虫的羧酸酯酶活性明显高于对照;苦参碱处理的解毒酶活性增强最不明显,仅引起3种虫态的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性、1龄若虫的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性较对照显著增强。1,5龄若虫和成虫不同虫态相比,药剂处理后的5龄若虫体内解毒酶活性高于成虫和1龄若虫。 相似文献
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《中国森林病虫》2016,(2)
采用野外定期采样和室内饲养的方法,观察悬铃木方翅网蝽Corythucha ciliata(Say)在山东济南的生活史;选择5种药剂在悬铃木方翅网蝽第1代卵高峰期开展防治试验。结果表明:悬铃木方翅网蝽在山东济南1 a可发生5代,以成虫群集于寄主开裂的树皮下或地下枯枝落叶中越冬;4月中旬越冬成虫开始上树危害,4月下旬开始产卵,5月中旬第1代卵开始孵化;自7月中旬起世代重叠较为明显,9月下旬第5代成虫陆续越冬。480 g/L毒死蜱EC 500~1000倍液、20%高氯·噻嗪酮EC 500倍液和0.7%辛硫·高氯氟EC 500倍液施药5 d后,悬铃木方翅网蝽第1代卵未孵化率均达到90%以上,是卵早期防治的可选药剂;4.2%高氯·甲维盐EC和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC直接杀卵效果不佳,但对初孵若虫的致死率达到100%,是卵后期施药的较好药剂。 相似文献
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悬铃木方翅网蝽Corythucha ciliata(Say)是近年来悬铃木Platanus spp.上严重发生的害虫之一。采用6个聚集度指标和Taylor幂函数法则、Iwao的线性回归分析法、兰星平的La-m回归模型及m-V模型4个回归模型对悬铃木方翅网蝽在悬铃木上的空间分布型进行测定。结果表明:悬铃木方翅网蝽成虫、若虫和整个种群均呈聚集分布,个体间相互吸引,分布的个体成分是个体群,其分布与密度有关,密度越大聚集程度越强。虫口密度在4.3头/叶以下时,聚集原因是由环境因素引起的;虫口密度大于4.3头/叶时,聚集原因是由悬铃木方翅网蝽自身行为或环境因素引起的。并建立了理论抽样数公式。 相似文献
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悬铃木方翅网蝽在山西的风险评估及防控措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
悬铃木方翅网蝽是新入侵我国的有害生物,具有较强的扩散能力,严重危害悬铃木等园林植物,被增列入我国林业危险性有害生物名单。笔者通过有害生物危险性分析指标体系,对悬铃木方翅网蝽在山西的风险性进行了定性和定量分析,得出悬铃木方翅网蝽的风险值R=1.08.评价结果表明,悬铃木方翅网蝽在山西省属于低度危险的林业有害生物。最后,从加强检疫、加强对监测和预警技术的研究、加强疫区防治、加强检查与防护4方面提出了悬铃木方翅网蝽的防控措施。 相似文献
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降水对悬铃木方翅网蝽种群数量和分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《山东林业科技》2017,(4)
对3次降水过程前后悬铃木方翅网蝽种群密度的变化进行了观察,结果表明:低龄若虫对长时间风雨干扰的耐受性较差(Z=-2.176,P0.05),夏季强对流天气对成虫种群的影响较大(Z=-4.047,P=0.000)。可见一定强度的降雨和大风对悬铃木方翅网蝽在林间的传播有正作用力。 相似文献
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The present studies were carried out to evaluate resistance in the populations of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from five districts of Hunan Province in China to various insecticides from 2010 to 2012 using a standard leaf dip bioassay method. For organophosphates and pyrethroids, resistance ratios compared with a susceptible Lab-BJ strain were in the range of 14–229-fold for organophosphates and 12–227-fold for pyrethroids. Similarly, relative low levels of resistance to emamectin, indoxacarb, and chlorfenapyr were observed in all five populations. In contrast, the resistance to carbamates (thiodicarb or methomyl) was significantly higher than that of organophosphates, pyrethroids and newer chemistry insecticides. The pairwise correlation coefficients of LC50 values indicated that the newer chemistry insecticides and old generation insecticides were not significant except abamectin, which was negatively significantly correlated with methomyl. A significant correlation was observed between thiodicarb, methomyl, and deltamethrin, whereas resistance to bifenthrin showed no correlations with resistance to other insecticides except deltamethrin. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides. 相似文献
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S. Pekár 《Journal of pest science》2002,75(2):51-55
Susceptibility of immature individuals of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides (6 insecticides, 4 acaricides, 4 fungicides and 3 herbicides) was tested in the laboratory. The pesticides were applied at recommended rates in a Potter tower. Mortality was evaluated for 4 subsequent days. Broad-spectrum insecticides, cypermethrin+chlorpyrofos (Nurelle), α-cypermethrin (Vaztak), and deltamethrin (Decis), were toxic to spiders. Selective insecticides, pirimicarb (Pirimor), Bacillus thuringiensis (Novodor), and triazamate (Aztec), were harmless. All tested acaricides, pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic), flufenoxuron (Cascade), τ-fluvalinate+thiometon (Mavrik), and bifenthrin (Talstar) showed high toxicity. Of the fungicides, dithianon (Delan), benomyl (Fundazol), iprodione (Rovral), and dodine (Syllit), only dithianon was slightly harmful, while the remaining fungicides were harmful. All herbicides, metazachlor (Butisan), clomazone (Command), and clopyralid (Lontrel), were harmless to T. impressum. Three selective insecticides, 3 fungicides and 3 herbicides are recommended for use in plant protection. 相似文献
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李始叶螨对甲氰菊酯和速螨酮的抗性选育及交互抗性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以从零星种植的苹果树上采集的李始叶螨为敏感种群，在室内分别用甲氰菊酯、速螨酮对李始叶螨的敏感种群进行抗性培育。结果表明：以抗甲氰菊酯的李始叶螨种群抗性增长最快，经16次喷雾处理后，抗性指数（RF）高达153．63倍，其次是抗速螨酮种群，RF为57．74倍。用10倍杀虫杀螨剂对2种抗性种群的交互抗性测定结果表明，甲氰菊酯与三氟氯氰菊酯、联苯菊酯、氧化乐果有交互抗性，RF值分别为124．14、69．55、6．70倍，与齐螨素有负交互抗性，RF值为0．98倍；速螨酮与三氯杀螨醇（RF＝17．09）、四螨嗪（RF＝12．48）、联苯菊酯（RF＝5．42）有交互抗怀，与水胺硫磷、齐螨素有负交互抗性，RF值分别为0．66、0．80倍。 相似文献
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Sarfraz Ali Shad Ali H. Sayyed Sahar Fazal Mushtaq A. Saleem Syed Muhammad Zaka Muhammad Ali 《Journal of pest science》2012,85(1):153-162
Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest and has been shown to be resistant to a wide range of insecticides, which
has led to sporadic out breaks of the pest and failure of crops. We were interested to establish if resistance to insecticides
is diverse in different populations of S. litura collected from various areas with variable temperatures. We collected S. litura from eight different locations and compare the toxicity of insecticides. Resistance to the pyrethroids ranged from 20- to
11,700-fold compared with the Lab-PK (laboratory susceptible population). The resistance to bifenthrin was the lowest in a
population collected from Multan and the highest to esfenvalerate in a population collected from Lodhran. Similarly, very
high level of resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide was observed in all eight populations. In contrast,
resistance to organophosphates was significantly lower than the pyrethroids, spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide, while
toxicity of emamectin to field populations was similar to the Lab-Pk. The results are discussed in relation to integrated
pest management (IPM) for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides. 相似文献
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To determine if bifenthrin residues elicit morbidity and surfacing behavior in wireworms, larvae of the dusky wireworm, Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) were placed in field soil treated with the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin ~1 year previous. Morbidity was immediate and lasted as long as wireworms remained in the soil, disappearing quickly after transfer to clean soil. In 2009, field soil treated 336 days previous with bifenthrin at 340 g AI/ha elicited morbidity symptoms similar to that elicited by soil freshly amended with bifenthrin at 100 g AI, and analysis of the field soil confirmed residual levels of bifenthrin exceeding 100 g AI/ha. In 2010, wireworms placed in field soil treated 343 days previous with bifenthrin at 100, 200, and 300 g AI/ha responded as in 2009, with the degree of morbidity increasing with the rate of insecticide, and with wireworms in a non-feeding state more affected than those in a feeding state at each rate. In both 2009 and 2010, moribund wireworms moved to the soil surface within 1 day of placement in the soil containing residual bifenthrin and remained there until reburied, after which they often resurfaced. To confirm that the bifenthrin residues elicited repellency, wireworms were placed in soil window bioassays containing field soil with residual bifenthrin. Wireworms behaved markedly different upon contacting soil containing the residues than when exposed to untreated soil, both in the presence and absence of an attractant, but were less likely to avoid soil containing residual bifenthrin when attracted by wheat seedlings placed inside it. 相似文献
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选取5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、10%联苯菊酯乳油、70%马拉硫磷乳油3种新型药剂,以稀释25倍和50倍体积的药液喷施马尾松(Pinus massoniana)伐桩以防治松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus).结果表明:施药5 d后不同处理之间松褐天牛校正死亡率无显著差异,死亡率最高仅为(21.9 ±5.6)%;施药10和15 d后,不同处理之间的校正死亡率差异显著;施药10 d后,70%马拉硫磷和10%联苯菊酯25倍药液的防治效果最好,校正死亡率分别为(54.4±3.0)%和(57.0± 4.3)%;施药15 d后,经10%联苯菊酯25倍药液处理的松褐天牛校正死亡率最高,为(82.6±4.0)%,其次为70%马拉硫磷乳油25倍药液,死亡率为(72.9±3.0)%.综合价格成本等因素,70%马拉硫磷乳油和10%联苯菊酯成本较低,可应用于松材线虫疫区疫木伐桩内松褐天牛的防治. 相似文献