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2015年3月调查了海南省海口、琼海、万宁、儋州等市(县)的辣椒炭疽病的发生与病情,对采集的样本分离出的7株纯菌株进行了致病性测定及形态学观察,通过生长速率法及孢子萌发抑制法分别测定嘧菌酯对辣椒炭疽病病原菌菌丝和孢子的影响。结果表明,菌株DM4-2和DZ1-3为黑点炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici),菌株NP3-9、NP5-3、DZ2-7、HN5-11和HN2-6均为胶胞炭疽菌(C.gloeosporioides)。各菌株对嘧菌酯的敏感性显示,相对于菌丝,其病菌孢子对嘧菌酯的敏感性更高;相对于胶胞炭疽菌,黑点炭疽菌菌株DM4-2和DZ1-3对嘧菌酯更为敏感。 相似文献
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为评价苯并烯氟菌唑对辣椒炭疽病的防治潜力，采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定苯并烯氟菌唑对108株辣椒炭疽病病原菌尖孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum acutatum菌株菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制活性，通过辣椒活体接种试验比较苯并烯氟菌唑对辣椒炭疽病的相对保护防效和相对治疗防效，测定其对辣椒炭疽病的室内相对防效和田间相对防效。结果表明，苯并烯氟菌唑对尖孢炭疽菌孢子萌发的抑制活性高于对其菌丝生长的抑制活性，对孢子萌发及对菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度EC50分别为0.005～0.196μg/mL和0.073～3.398μg/mL；苯并烯氟菌唑对辣椒炭疽病的相对保护防效优于相对治疗防效，240 g (a.i.)/hm2苯并烯氟菌唑对辣椒炭疽病的相对保护防效可达85.64%。240 g (a.i.)/hm2苯并烯氟菌唑喷雾处理对辣椒炭疽病的田间相对防效均在75.31%以上，显著高于相同剂量的氟吡菌酰胺、氟啶胺和多菌灵的相对防效。总之，苯并烯氟菌唑对尖孢炭疽菌有较高毒力，对辣椒炭疽病有稳定的田间防效，有开发为防治辣椒炭疽病新药剂... 相似文献
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为了明确苹果轮纹病菌Botryosphaeria dothidea对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性和吡唑醚菌酯的靶标基因序列, 采用菌丝生长速率法测定了水杨肟酸对B. dothidea 菌丝生长的作用, 探讨了添加或不添加水杨肟酸的情况下病原菌对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性的变化; 并测定了不同产区的80株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性以及440株B. dothidea 对吡唑醚菌酯的抗性; 然后, 扩增并分析了具有不同敏感性的菌株的细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 序列?结果表明:不同浓度水杨肟酸对菌丝生长的抑制作用不同?添加40 μg/mL水杨肟酸不影响吡唑醚菌酯的EC50?菌株的敏感性频率符合近似正态分布, 各产区菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性没有显著差异, 吡唑醚菌酯平均EC50为(2.95±2.11) μg/mL, 没有检测到抗性菌株?靶标基因序列分析表明, Cytb基因在F129?G137和G143位密码子上没有产生点突变, 首次发现在143位密码子后有内含子插入? 相似文献
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对2019年采集自云南省3个滇黄精产区的炭疽病菌进行形态学及ITS序列分子鉴定,并采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了40株黄精炭疽病菌对氟啶胺、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:从滇黄精炭疽病病叶上分离得到的40株炭疽病菌可能分别属于炭疽菌属中的胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、果生炭疽菌C. fructicola、博宁炭疽菌C. boninense和尖孢炭疽菌C. acutatum,其中果生炭疽菌29株,占总分离菌株的72.5%,为优势病原菌。3种杀菌剂对 40 株供试菌株的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用,氟啶胺、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑的EC50 值分别介于0.028~0.53 mg/L、0.018~2.69 mg/L 和 0.158~2.57 mg/L 之间,即供试菌株对氟啶胺的敏感性高于其对咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。目前,3个滇黄精产区的炭疽病菌尚未对氟啶胺、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑产生抗药性。 相似文献
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由辣椒胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides导致的辣椒炭疽病是辣椒生产上最为严重的真菌病害之一。本文以辣椒胶孢炭疽菌CSLL11为供试菌株,采用PEG-CaCl_2介导的原生质体转化法,将含有潮霉素B抗性基因和eGFP表达基因的DNA片段成功转入辣椒胶孢炭疽菌的原生质体中,获得了稳定表达绿色荧光的转化子,从而成功建立了辣椒胶孢炭疽菌的遗传转化体系。试验结果表明,可有效筛选阳性转化子的潮霉素B浓度为500 mg/L;PCR及Southern blot结果显示,eGFP表达基因已单拷贝整合至辣椒胶孢炭疽菌转化子的基因组中;使用荧光显微镜观察第一代及继代培养后的转化子,菌丝与分生孢子均表现出强烈的绿色荧光信号,说明GFP能在转化子中稳定遗传;将转化子与野生型菌株相比,菌落形态、生长速率及致病力水平无明显差异。本研究建立了辣椒胶孢炭疽菌遗传转化体系并获得了稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白的转化子,对辣椒炭疽菌与寄主互作的研究及病害防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
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采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了水杨肟酸 (SHAM) 对草坪草夏季斑枯病菌Magnaporthe poae菌丝生长及其对嘧菌酯敏感性的影响,并在此基础上测定了采自北京地区的114株夏季斑枯病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性;扩增并分析了夏季斑枯病菌细胞色素b基因 (Cytb) 部分序列,以期探寻该病原菌对嘧菌酯敏感性下降的分子机制。结果显示:不同浓度SHAM对菌丝生长的抑制作用差异显著 (F = 20.812,P < 0.000 1);添加SHAM (40 μg/mL) 与否,嘧菌酯对菌丝生长的抑制中浓度 (EC50) 无显著差异 (F = 0.041 0,P = 0.842 3)。嘧菌酯对供试114株菌株的EC50值范围为0.001 0~0.146 5 μg/mL,平均值为 (0.017 4 ± 0.026 1) μg/mL。供试夏季斑枯病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性频率不符合正态性分布 (W = 0.499 7, P < 0.05),表明群体中已出现对嘧菌酯敏感性下降的亚群体;连续单峰频次分布为70.18%的菌株 (W = 0.970 8,P = 0.064 0 > 0.05) 的平均EC50值为 (0.007 8 ± 0.003 7) μg/mL,该值可作为夏季斑枯病菌对嘧菌酯的相对敏感性基线。比对分析获得夏季斑枯病菌Cytb的部分序列 (8 639 bp),进一步扩增发现对嘧菌酯敏感性存在差异的12株菌株均在该序列上紧临143位密码子处插入了一段长1 956 bp的内含子,且在Cytb的129、137和143位密码子上未出现与抗性相关的点突变。上述结果可为草坪草夏季斑枯病的有效防治提供依据,同时可为深入探寻病原菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类 (QoIs) 杀菌剂敏感性下降的分子机制提供参考。 相似文献
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辣椒炭疽病病原鉴定及其杀菌剂毒力测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从贵阳市花溪区磊庄村辣椒基地采集疑似炭疽病的典型的自然发病辣椒果实,采用组织分离、培养、形态学观察、致病性测定以及多基因分子系统学,确定病原菌的种类;采用菌丝生长速率法研究了8种杀菌剂对该病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,引起贵阳市花溪区磊庄村辣椒炭疽病的病原菌为尖孢炭疽菌Capsicum acutatum。室内毒力测定发现8种杀菌剂对尖孢炭疽菌均有一定的抑制作用,其中25%咪鲜胺EC和30%吡唑醚菌酯SC抑制效果最好,EC_(50)分别为0.253 5 mg/L和0.720 3 mg/L;其次为22.5%啶氧菌酯SC和22.7%二氰蒽醌SC,EC_(50)分别为7.249 5 mg/L和21.664 5 mg/L。将30%吡唑醚菌酯SC和22.7%二氰蒽醌SC按照9∶1、6∶4、3∶7、4∶6的比例混配,联合毒力测定和评价结果显示两者混配对该病菌具有协同增效作用,且25%咪鲜胺EC和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC以6∶4、4∶6、8∶2的比例进行混配时也表现出明显的增效作用。引起贵阳市花溪区磊庄村辣椒基地辣椒炭疽病的致病菌为尖孢炭疽菌。咪鲜胺、吡唑醚菌酯、啶氧菌酯和二氰蒽醌对该菌具有较好的抑制作用,可为辣椒炭疽病的田间防治提供参考依据。 相似文献
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苯醚甲环唑和吡唑醚菌酯混合物对炭疽病菌的联合毒力及药效 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了明确苯醚甲环唑与吡唑醚菌酯混合物对胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）的毒力增效作用,本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯及其不同比例混合物对炭疽病菌的毒力,并通过田间试验评价了其对炭疽病的防治效果和产量的影响。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑与吡唑醚菌酯质量比为2∶1的混合物对抑制菌丝生长增效最为明显,增效系数为2.41。在田间药效试验中,2种药剂2∶1混用对祁山药炭疽病的防效明显,增产率为45.02%。 相似文献
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葡萄胶孢炭疽菌对3种麦角甾醇脱甲基抑制剂类杀菌剂的敏感性 总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1
系统比较了从云南省主要葡萄产区采集的57株葡萄胶胞炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides对三唑类脱甲基抑制剂烯唑醇、腈菌唑及咪唑类脱甲基抑制剂咪鲜胺的敏感性、交互敏感性及敏感性与生存适合度的相关性等指标。结果表明:供试菌株对咪鲜胺的EC50值在0.01~1.58 mg/L之间,高于其对烯唑醇(EC50值为0.05~25.45 mg/L)和腈菌唑(EC50值为0.49~192.93 mg/L)的敏感性;部分菌株对烯唑醇和腈菌唑的敏感性显著降低,而对咪鲜胺仍保持较高的敏感性;供试菌株对烯唑醇和腈菌唑的敏感性具有显著的相关性,而对咪鲜胺的敏感性与对烯唑醇和腈菌唑的敏感性之间则无显著相关性。低敏感性菌株的致病力和菌落生长速率与敏感菌株无显著差异,具有较高的生存适合度。 相似文献
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Charles V. Eadsforth 《Pest management science》1986,17(3):311-325
Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), using a C18 analytical column, has been applied to the determination of partition coefficients for a range of agrochemicals and industrial chemicals. Using a correlation plot of the logarithm of the capacity factor (k) with the logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Pow), partition coefficients were predicted with a 95% tolerance interval of ± log 0.80 of the literature ‘shake flask’ value for compounds of random structure over the log Pow range 0–6. Individual regression lines were fitted for compounds of comparable size and functional grouping, which reduced any bias and thereby enabled more accurate predictions to be made. The reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method has a number of advantages over the traditional ‘shake-flask’ method. Quantitative methods are not required or do not have to be developed and only the determination of the retention time is necessary. Quick and precise determinations of retention times are facilitated by h.p.l.c. and further improvement can be obtained by automation of solvent mixing, solute injection and data processing. H.p.l.c. was used to generate partition coefficient data for highly hydrophobic materials and, because of its resolving power, data for mixtures and solvent fractions. Dual detection, using u.v. and r.i. in series, was necessary for some compounds, particularly unknown mixtures and impure compounds. Calculations of log Pow based on the fragment-addition method using the structural data file, MACCS, was of considerable value in confirming experimentally derived values. In certain cases, calculated log Pow values were considered more trustworthy than experimental values. 相似文献
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The pathogenic type (form and race) of Fusarium oxysporum, which generates wilt symptoms on tomato, was rapidly identified with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique.
We compared the partial nucleotide sequences of endo polygalacturonase (pg1) and exo polygalacturonase (pgx4) genes from isolates of F. oxysporum ff. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and radicis-lycopersici (FORL) from Japan and designed specific primer sets (uni, sp13, sp23, and sprl) based on the nucleotide differences that appeared
among the pathogenic types. PCR with the uni primer set amplified a 670∼672-bp fragment from all isolates of FOL and FORL. With the sp13 primer set, an amplicon of 445 bp was obtained only from isolates of FOL race 1 and 3. With the sp23 primer set, a 518-bp fragment was obtained from isolates of FOL race 2 and 3. The sprl primer set yielded a 947-bp fragment from isolates of FORL, but not from FOL. A combination of amplifications with these primer sets effectively differentiated the pathogenic types of F. oxysporum in tomato. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A natural epidemic of Fusarium wilt on coca (Erythroxylum coca) in Peru prompted the suggestion of possibly using the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli as a mycoherbicide against this narcotic plant. During field trials conducted in Kauai, HI, to test the pathogenicity of the coca wilt pathogen, ants were observed removing formulations from test plots. While removal of formulations by ants was considered detrimental with respect to conducting field tests, ant removal was considered potentially beneficial in disseminating the mycoherbicide. Thus, research was initiated to assess the ability of formulation additives to alter the preference of ants for the formulated mycoherbicide. In Hawaii, preference of indigenous ants for removing formulations was tested using three different food bases (rice, rice plus canola oil, and wheat flour [gluten]). Similar tests were conducted at Beltsville, MD, using F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, in which the formulation based on wheat flour was replaced by a formulation based on canola meal. Formulations based on wheat were preferred by ants in both locations; up to 90% of the wheat plus rice flour granules (C-6) and the wheat gluten plus kaolin granules (pesta) were removed within 24 h, while only 20% of those containing rice without oils were taken. However, when either canola, sunflower (Maryland only), or olive oil was added to the rice formulation, up to 90% of the granules were taken. The formulation based on canola meal was less attractive to ants, as only 65% of the granules were removed within a period of 24 h. Ants showed no preference with respect to presence or absence of fungal biomass. To alter the attractiveness of the C-6 formulation to ants, C-6 was amended with three natural products. Canna and tansy leaves were added to C-6 at a ratio of 1:5 (wt/wt), while chili powder was added at 1:25 or 1:2.5 (wt/wt). Canna, tansy, and the higher rate of chili powder significantly reduced the number of C-6 granules removed by ants. Canna and tansy leaves affected neither germination nor sporulation of the mycoherbicide, while the high concentration of chili powder reduced viability of propagules in the formulation. More F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli-type colonies were recovered from inside ant nests (9 cm depth) than from nest surfaces, indicating that ants may distribute the mycoherbicide in the soil profile. Ants passively carried propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli outside their bodies, as well as either very closely adhering to the outside or within their bodies. 相似文献
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Attempts were made to produce somatic hybrids between isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and f. sp. hordei. A mixed infection was produced on a common susceptible barley host, Fong Tien, using white-spored isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and yellow-spored isolates off. sp. hordei. Selection was made for non-parental spore colour on selective wheat and barley hosts, and variants thus isolated were analysed for virulence markers, and for isozyme and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) markers, all of which clearly differentiated the parental isolates. Two white-spored (non-parental) isolates were found on the selective barley host which otherwise resembled the parental f. sp. hordei isolate in virulence, isozyme and dsRNA markers. The most likely explanation of the origin of these isolates is mutation to white spore colour in the f. sp. hordei isolate. 相似文献
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醉蝶白粉病的发生规律与防治 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究明确醉蝶白粉病菌以闭囊壳、分生孢子和菌丝在病残体上或土壤中越冬。醉蝶开花至盛花期为发生高峰期 ,高温干燥的气候条件发病严重。发生程度与土壤肥力、田间种植密度等关系密切。加强管理 ,清洁田园和30%特富灵、6%乐必耕、75%百菌清、25%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂等在定植后、开花前后喷药 ,每隔10d1次 ,连续5～6次 ,可基本控制该病发生。 相似文献
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