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1.
马铃薯主产区病毒病发生情况调查分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在我国马铃薯主产区黑龙江、内蒙古、甘肃、贵州采集了752份具有典型病毒病症状的样品和疑似样品,应用DAS ELISA方法进行检测。主要筛查6种病毒：PVX、PVY、PVS、PLRV、PVM、PVA。结果显示: 270份样品检测到病毒,总体上,PVY的检出率最高,PVS次之,33份样品是由多种病毒混合侵染造成的,田间PVY+PLRV混合侵染率最高,PVS+PVY次之。试管苗PVS病毒发生较多,原原种和大田种薯PVY病毒发生比例最高。  相似文献   

2.
为了解湖南省马铃薯种薯质量和主要病毒病发生情况,2019年-2020年马铃薯秋作和冬作期间,对长沙、益阳、湘潭、澧临等马铃薯生产区的155个马铃薯样品,运用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附检测(DAS-ELISA)技术,筛查6种主要马铃薯病毒,包括马铃薯X病毒Potato virus X(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯M病毒Potato virus M(PVM)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS)、马铃薯A病毒Potato virus A(PVA)、马铃薯卷叶病毒Potato leaf roll virus(PLRV)。检测结果表明:6种马铃薯病毒病在湖南均有不同程度的发生,单一和两种病毒复合感染植株占比最高,其次是3种病毒复合感染,存在极少数植株复合感染4～5种病毒病情况。在秋作马铃薯中,PVY检出率达到29.41%;PVS和PVA检出率均为27.94%;PVM、PVX、PLRV的检出率分别为20.59%、19.12%、17.65%。在冬作马铃薯中,PVX检出率最高,达到31.03%;其次是PLRV,...  相似文献   

3.
甘肃省马铃薯主要病毒病发生情况调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
2015年-2016年,在甘肃省10个地市24个马铃薯主栽县(区)146个生态区域(乡镇)采集了757份具有典型症状的马铃薯样品,应用DAS-ELISA法进行检测,筛查6种主要病毒(PVX、PVY、PLRV、PVA、PVS和PVM)。结果表明:631份样品检测到病毒,PVS的检出率最高,达47.03%,PVY次之,为33.82%,PVA最低,只有0.63%;发生复合侵染的病毒主要为PVY+PVS,复合侵染率达到10.13%,三种病毒复合侵染主要是PVY+PVS+PVM;病毒种类和感病程度与品种、地域有关。  相似文献   

4.
我国马铃薯病毒主要有马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯S病毒(PVS)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV),常发生复合侵染。根据GenBank中4种马铃薯病毒的外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因全长设计引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到4种病毒CP基因全长片段,测序结果显示序列同源性96%以上;针对4种病毒CP基因的保守序列分别设计引物,在一个PCR体系中同步对4种病毒进行扩增,得到421、202、516、330bp的特异性条带,优化建立了能同步检测PVY、PVX、PVS和PLRV的多重RT-PCR检测体系。检测结果证明优化后的多重RT-PCR体系能在田间样品中快速、高效地检测出4种病毒。  相似文献   

5.
马铃薯种苗复合感染病毒多重RT-PCR同步快速检测   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
 基于马铃薯病毒ssRNA的快速制备方法,根据马铃薯病毒CP基因序列设计PVX、PVS、PVY和PLRV特异性引物对、P1基因序列设计PVA特异性引物对,建立了多重RT PCR快速检测体系,可以同步检出复合侵染马铃薯种苗主要病毒,灵敏度比传统的ELISA至少高100倍。结合生物活性稳定剂研制的固相化检测试剂盒,已用于四川和重庆等15个县市田间与苗圃248个马铃薯显症或无症样品的实际检测,表明四川和重庆地区2~3种马铃薯病毒往往复合侵染(PVX、PVA和PVS三种病毒复合侵染或PLRV和PVY二种病毒复合侵染)。  相似文献   

6.
我区马铃薯种植近年来实现了跨越式的发展,2005年全区冬种马铃薯种植面积达10.2万hm2。2006年春,对兴业县、容县和玉林市福绵管理区的冬种马铃薯进行了病害调查,发现普遍存在疑似病毒症状的病株,病株率从5%到70%不等。用病毒特异的RT-PCR方法检测了田间采集的31个各类疑似病毒病样本,其中30个样本检出病毒,分别是马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)、马铃薯S病毒(PVS),马铃薯A病毒(PVA)和马铃薯X病毒(PVX)。复合感染现象普遍,其中PVY和PLRV)复合感染最多,有3个样本同时受3种病毒感染。  相似文献   

7.
为明确侵染广东省冬种马铃薯的病毒种类及优势病毒,结合小RNA深度测序技术及RTPCR检测方法,对采集于广东省冬种马铃薯7个主产区的189份疑似病样进行检测分析。结果表明,经小RNA深度测序技术检测马铃薯病毒病混合样,发现存在马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)、马铃薯S病毒(Potato virus S,PVS)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(Potato leaf-roll virus,PLRV)3种病毒。进一步设计3种病毒的特异性引物并利用国内已报道的其它5种马铃薯病毒的特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测,发现189份马铃薯病毒病疑似病样中仅检测到PVY、PVS和PLRV这3种病毒,检出率依次为75.13%、10.05%和4.76%,且3种病毒在马铃薯上还存在复合侵染,复合侵染率为14.19%,其中PVY在各马铃薯产区均可检测到。表明侵染广东省冬种马铃薯的病毒为PVY、PVS和PLRV,其中PVY是优势病毒。  相似文献   

8.
2017年调查福建福清地区马铃薯病毒病的发生情况,以明确该地区马铃薯主要病毒病原。共采集了46份疑似感染病毒的马铃薯植株,提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术进行分子检测,结果表明,福清地区危害马铃薯的病毒有马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒Potato leaf roll virus(PLRV)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS),检出率分别为56.52%、17.39%和10.87%,以PVY检出率最高,说明PVY是危害该地区马铃薯样品的主要病毒病原。通过病毒复合侵染进行分析,发现该地区存在病毒复合侵染马铃薯现象。研究结果可为福清地区马铃薯种薯的引进和病毒病害防治提供参考依据。  相似文献   

9.
 在国内、外首次选用金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococc aureus)的No.180菌株用于病毒细菌协同凝集试验(Virobacterial agglutination test简称VBA)检测了来自马铃薯的4种不同形态粒子的病毒:马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯丫病毒(PVY)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV),其灵敏度达2.7~6.1ng/ml,检出病汁液的最大稀释度达104~105(PLRV1:500),较国内、外采用的Cown I菌株的灵敏度提高5~10倍。与血清学方法相比,VBA在2~3分种内就可获得结果,无假阳性反应,其灵敏度显著高于间接酶联法和免疫电镜,而接近于A蛋白酶联法。经抗血清致敏的菌体在4℃下保存4个月,对VBA检测的灵敏度没有影响。用VBA对采自田间的93个马铃薯病样进行检测,它们大多受2~3种病毒(PVX、PVY及PLRV)的复合侵染;和用间接酶联法及鉴别寄主检测的结果趋向一致。室内和田间试验均表明VBA灵敏度高、特异性强、快速简便和经济,尤其适合在基层单位中推广应用。  相似文献   

10.
在国内、外首次选用金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococc aureus)的No.180菌株用于病毒细菌协同凝集试验(Virobacterial agglutination test简称VBA)检测了来自马铃薯的4种不同形态粒子的病毒:马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯丫病毒(PVY)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV),其灵敏度达2.7～6.1ng/ml,检出病汁液的最大稀释度达10~4～10~5(PLRV1:500),较国内、外采用的Cown I菌株的灵敏度提高5～10倍。与血清学方法相比,VBA在2～3分种内就可获得结果,无假阳性反应,其灵敏度显著高于间接酶联法和免疫电镜,而接近于A蛋白酶联法。经抗血清致敏的菌体在4℃下保存4个月,对VBA检测的灵敏度没有影响。用VBA对采自田间的93个马铃薯病样进行检测,它们大多受2～3种病毒(PVX、PVY及PLRV)的复合侵染;和用间接酶联法及鉴别寄主检测的结果趋向一致。室内和田间试验均表明VBA灵敏度高、特异性强、快速简便和经济,尤其适合在基层单位中推广应用。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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