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In Germany the sweet and sour cherry breeding is concentrated at the Julius Kühn-Institut in Dresden-Pillnitz. The main breeding goals are directed on sweet cherries for fresh market and sour cherries for processing. The selection of new cultivars is focused on fruit quality, high and stable fruit set and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. In result of the breeding activities in sweet cherry four new cultivars, ‘Narana’, ‘Areko’, ‘Swing’, ‘Habunt’, were selected. ‘Narana’ is an early ripening cultivar with good fruit characteristics. ‘Areko’ ripens in the middle of the cherry season some days before cultivar ‘Kordia’ and has large, firm fruits. The both cultivars ‘Swing’ and ‘Habunt’ are self-compatible and more recommended for the use in house gardening. In sour cherry breeding four new cultivars, ‘Coralin’, ‘Spinell’, ‘Jachim’, ‘Boas’, were selected. The cultivar ‘Coralin’ shows good characteristics for processing and mechanical harvest and is tolerant to fungus diseases on leaves. With the large and tasty fruits, the cultivar ‘Spinell’ is mainly suitable for fresh consumption. The both other cultivars ‘Jachim’ and ‘Boas’ have a pillar growth habit. 相似文献
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Fruits of European plum (Prunus domestica L.) show high rates of transpiration. Consequently, they are highly perishable fruit. In the present study, the potential of an edible coating (Versasheen®-based with sorbitol as plasticizer) to improve storage life and keeping quality was evaluated on fruit of the plum cultivars ‘Jojo’ and ‘Tophit plus’. Plums were picked at commercial harvest date and stored at 2?±?0.5?°C (90?±?2% rh) for up to 28?d plus 2?d at 20?°C to simulate shelf life. Every seventh day, plums were analysed for transpiration, colour changes and laser light backscattering imaging (LLBI) at a wavelength of 785?nm to non-destructively investigate variations in quality properties of plums. Finally, fruit flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity were determined destructively. Results indicated that coating of fruit of both cultivars increased their surface resistance against water vapour transfer resulting in lower transpiration rates and thus lower mass losses compared to controls. Consequently, coating of fruit considerably delayed the decrease in flesh firmness. Moreover, edible coating retarded the increase of FWHM785 in coated plums. In this context, FWHM785 proved as a rapid and non-destructive tool to monitor changes in mechanical properties in heavily coloured plums. Results highlight that edible coatings successfully extend post-harvest life of plums. 相似文献
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Plant growth regulators play a vital role in fruit growth and development. However, effects of compounds belonging to the group of brassinosteroids have not been fully investigated in sweet cherries. One relatively new and one commonly applied growth regulator, 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide and GA3, respectively, were tested on ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’ sweet cherries to determine the effects on fruit quality and physiological disorders. The substances were applied with a handgun sprayer at full bloom and at the beginning of fruit development (shuck split) for a 2-year period. GA3 was applied at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 mgL?1 and 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide at 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mgL?1. A combined application of 100 mgL?1 GA3 + 0.1 mgL?1 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide was also applied. Effects of GA3 and 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide on fruit weight and size were evident for the concentrations applied and between the seasons for both of the cultivars. Combination of the both growth regulators and 100 mgL?1 GA3 alone produced longer fruits compared to the control trees in ‘Regina’. The 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide applications increased the firmness of the flesh slightly, but not to a great degree, compared to the GA3 applications alone. The brightness of the red color was better with GA3 applications in ‘Summit’ and ‘Regina’. Brassinosteroid caused the fruits to have comparably dull red color. Total soluble solid contents of the cultivars were influenced by the substances and the year of the application. Stem resistance to separation from the fruit was under the influence of both treatments and seasons. In general, 22S, 23S-Homobrassinolide provided better stem resistance than the GA3 applications. There were no effects of the substances on the development of physiological disorders. 相似文献
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Sara Agnolet Flavio Ciesa Evelyn Soini Anna Cassar Aldo Matteazzi Walter Guerra Peter Robatscher Alberto Storti Sanja Baric Josef Dalla Via Michael Oberhuber 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(3):171-183
Apple is one of the most widely produced and consumed fruits worldwide and hence, complete data of apple composition are important for human diet. Currently, a limited number of cultivars dominate the market, while many others, with a potentially higher nutritional value, are neglected by consumers. The present work reports the content of the dietary elements potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) as well as the content of the macroelement nitrogen (N) of 34 old cultivars grown at the same site under identical conditions in South Tyrol, Italy. Their elemental composition was assessed along with quality parameters such as fruit weight, firmness, and soluble solid content and total acidity at harvest and post storage. For selected cultivars the measurements were performed over two or even three different harvest years. Comparison with eight commercial cultivars chosen to represent the fruit currently dominating the market was performed.Besides offering a valuable insight in the variation of dietary elements among old and commercial apple cultivars in up to three harvest years, this study, that complements current nutritional databases, recommends several old cultivars with high content of dietary elements for further study and eventual re-introduction in niche markets. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate effects of foliar calcium application on storage of sweet cherry. Different concentrations of CaCl2 (2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 g/l) and Ca(NO3)2 (3.4, 4.6, and 5.8 g/l) were applied six times by foliar spraying on leaves and fruits of the sweet cherry variety ‘0900 Ziraat’. Harvested fruits were packaged in 500 g plastic boxes and stored for four weeks at 0 0C and 90–95?% relative humidity. During the experiment, flesh firmness, titratable acidity value (TA), pH, total soluble solids content (SSC) ratio, and weight losses were weekly assessed. The results indicated that there were positive effects of foliar calcium applications on fruit quality coupled with improved firmness, and enhancement of TA, an additional advantage for consumer acceptability. 相似文献
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Calcium (Ca) has been considered a key element in maintaining fruit quality and extending the storage period of several fruits. The main blueberry (interspecific hybrids of Vaccinium corymbosum x V. darrowii) market for the Southern Hemisphere production involves a long transport between harvest and consumption. Foliar Ca sprays during the pre-harvest constitutes a common practice for improving Ca concentration [Ca] in fruits and therefore in alleviating the loss of firmness, dehydration and rot decay during postharvest. In this study, two formulations of Ca; Ca-nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] and chelate Ca-oxide (Ca-gluconate; Ca-Glu) were sprayed four times during pre-harvest of blueberry cv. O’Neal. [Ca] in the fruits was followed after each application and fruit quality parameters were determined at harvest and during 28 days of cold storage. Both formulations were ineffective in increasing [Ca] in the berries (or leaves) after any of the four applications. In fruits, [Ca] decreased from 0.32% at 25 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 0.11% Ca at harvest time. Other minerals such as magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), or nitrogen (N) remained unaffected by the treatments. Data shows that foliar pre-harvest applications of Ca, regardless of formula, were ineffective at increasing [Ca] or improving the quality of the fruit. 相似文献
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Mohini Sharma Jissy K. Jacob Jayasankar Subramanian Gopinadhan Paliyath 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Sweet cherry has a short post-harvest shelf life and this greatly affects the consumer preference and export of fresh fruits. In this study, the effects of pre-harvest application of a hexanal formulation (enhanced freshness formulation, EFF) and post-harvest application of hexanal vapour and 1-MCP on quality parameters and shelf life of sweet cherry were investigated. Cherries subjected to pre-harvest spray with EFF had better color, brightness and firmness than unsprayed cherries even after 30 days of storage at 4 °C. These EFF-treated cherries also showed higher chroma values indicative of enhanced red color. Post-harvest application of either, hexanal vapour, 1-MCP, or a combination of both, enhanced the firmness of cherries. These treatments also resulted in higher levels of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activities. The levels of anthocyanins and phenolic components were either enhanced or maintained during the 30-day storage period. Our results suggest that a pre-harvest application of EFF combined with post-harvest treatment of hexanal and 1-MCP may enhance the quality and shelf life of sweet cherry. 相似文献
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The influence of harvest date and storage method on bruises sensitivity of apples was investigated. The cultivars ‘Braeburn’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ were harvested at three times in an interval of 10 days. Fruits have been stored at 2°C in normal atmosphere (cold storage) or in film bags (CA-/ULO-storage; CA?=?Controlled Atmosphere, ULO?=?Ultra Low Oxygen) for three months. Monthly fruits were bruised by a penetrometer applying a range of pressures. One day later the appearance of bruises were evaluated. Increasing pressures resulted in bruises of increasing severity. Early harvest led to less severe bruises. No differences were observed in storage conditions, but duration of storage increased bruise sensitivity of ‘Braeburn’. In comparison of the three cultivars ‘Braeburn’ was less sensitive than ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. 相似文献
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‘Cripp's Pink’ apple grown in Western Australia often develops poor colour at commercial harvest resulting in economic losses. To determine if fruit colour could be improved without advancing ripening, ‘Cripp's Pink’ apple fruit on trees were sprayed with aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) alone, ethephon alone, or AVG followed by ethephon. The experiments were conducted at two different locations in Western Australia in 2002 and 2003. Fruit sprayed with AVG alone had retarded colour development at harvest. However, ethephon applied after AVG enhanced percent red blush, anthocyanin concentration and reduced chlorophyll concentration in the fruit skin in both locations. These fruit had similar colour to those treated with ethephon alone. Internal ethylene concentration and fruit firmness were unaffected by the different treatments in 2002. However, in 2003 AVG with or without ethephon reduced internal ethylene concentration and maintained firmness compared to ethephon alone. In conclusion, AVG treatment alone delayed colour development and ripening of ‘Cripp's Pink’, while AVG application 5 weeks before harvest followed by an ethephon application 2 weeks later enhanced red colour at commercial harvest. This is, therefore, an effective tool for improving colour of ‘Cripp's Pink’ apples at commercial harvest without adversely affecting other fruit quality attributes. 相似文献
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甜樱桃果实NCED基因的克隆及其表达 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了进一步研究ABA在甜樱桃果实成熟过程中的作用,通过RT-PCR以及RACE-PCR方法从甜樱桃果实克隆得到了ABA合成关键酶NCED基因片段PacNCED1及其3′ 末端序列,从乙烯利处理果实中克隆得到了乙烯合成关键酶ACO基因片段PacACO1。推测的PacNCED1和PacACO1氨基酸序列与其它物种的NCEDs和ACOs氨基酸序列具有很高的同源性。通过半定量RT-PCR及定量RT-PCR方法分析了PacNCED1和PacACO1的表达模式,发现PacNCED1在甜樱桃果实发育的整个过程以及不同部位都有表达,在果肉和种子中的表达不断增加,在果实成熟之前达到最高峰,而在果柄中的表达则在果实完熟时达到最大。PacNCED1在未失水的叶片和根中有微弱表达,但在失水叶片中的表达急剧上升,表现出与失水的相关性。外源ABA和乙烯利能促进PacNCED1在果实中的表达,而NDGA和IAA对PacNCED1在果实中的表达没有显著影响。在甜樱桃果实发育过程中并没有检测到PacACO1的表达信号,但是外源乙烯利和ABA处理能诱导其在果实中的表达。 相似文献
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The influence of Adara, CAB 6P, Gisela 5, MaxMa 14, Saint Lucie GF 64 (SL 64), Saint Lucie GF 405 (SL 405), and Tabel rootstocks onto vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Van’ and ‘Stark Hardy Giant’ (SHG) sweet cherry cultivars was studied during 10 years after grafting. The experiment was performed in the Ebro Valley (Zaragoza, Spain), on a heavy and calcareous soil. Significant differences in some of these parameters such as vigour, yield, fruit size, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), skin colour and fruit firmness were examined among rootstocks. In general, the highest vigour, annual and cumulative yield were induced by Adara rootstock, whereas Gisela 5 induced the lowest when grafted with both cultivars. The highest yield efficiency was induced by Gisela 5 due to its low trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), together with Adara, CAB 6P and Tabel for ‘SHG’ cultivar. Regarding fruit quality, Adara, CAB 6P and MaxMa 14 showed, in general, the highest fruit weight and the more attractive skin colour for both sweet cherry cultivars. Furthermore, the high yield shown by Adara did not significantly affect its fruit size. Cherries of trees grafted on Adara also showed high firmness, which implies a better resistance to post-harvest damage. CAB 6P showed a tendency to induce higher TA. Despite the higher firmness of fruits on Gisela 5 and its tendency to induce higher SSC and ripening index, the smaller size fruits together with the less attractive skin colour resulted in a non-interesting rootstock in terms of fruit quality for our growing conditions. Interesting correlations were found among quality parameters, such as the positive correlation showed by SSC with fruit weight and TA. The work demonstrates that the scion–rootstock combination influences some important sweet cherry attributes such as vigour, yield, fruit size, acidity, skin colour and firmness. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):25-36
ABSTRACT In this work quality of tree ripe and commercial ripe ‘Fairtime’ peach fruit was evaluated during fruit maturation and storage. Quality parameters and volatile fraction were monitored at intervals of 7-15 days from pit hardening until 10 days after commercial harvest and after 7, 17 and 24 days of refrigeration. In fruit on the tree, weight increased quadratically, diameter and peel color increased linearly, whereas flesh firmness decreased linearly. Soluble solids (SS) reached maximum levels at commercial harvest, whereas acidity started declining after commercial harvest. In the peel, esters and alcohols showed opposite trends. In the flesh, alcohols decreased quadratically and disappeared in tree ripe fruit. In refrigerated fruit, there were no significant weight changes, flesh firmness decreased linearly, SS reached a minimum around the 10th day, and acidity decreased quadratically. A three day harvest delay followed by two weeks of refrigeration may represent a chance to further extend marketing of optimum flavor ‘Fairtime’ peaches into late fall. 相似文献
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Haithem E. Mohamed 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):568-573
SummaryThe effect of ethrel in aqueous solution and ethylene released from ethrel was evaluated on fruit ripening of ‘Kitchner’, ‘Dr Knight’ and ‘Abu-Samaka’ mango. Ripening was enhanced in all treated fruits of the three cultivars at all concentrations used. The ripening rate progressively increased with increase in concentration. Ethylene released from ethrel was more effective in triggering fruit ripening than dipping fruits in aqueous solution of ethrel. Depending on concentration and cultivar, ripening was 1–3.d faster in fruits dipped in 500 and 1000 ppm ethrel and 1–5.d earlier in fruits treated with 250, 500 and 1000 ppm ethylene released from ethrel, compared with untreated fruits. The effect on fruit ripening was indicated by enhanced climacteric peak, increased skin colour, increased total soluble solids and decreased flesh firmness. 相似文献
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Nadja Sadar Stanislav Tojnko Tadeja Kraner-Šumenjak Matjaž Lerš Andrej Vogrin Mario Lešnik Tatjana Unuk 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2013,55(1):11-18
Fruit pigmentation in ripening cv. ‘Gala, Schniga’ apples was monitored under the influence of fertigation weekly during 21 July–31 August 2009, i.e. 34 days before and 7 days after the optimal harvest date in Slovenia. The soil was a heavy loam clay with high humus content (2.8 %) and high acidity (low pH 4.9). The spectral indices NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NAI (Normalized Anthocyanin Index) were obtained by a PA 1101 on attached fruit on the transition between the ground and blush colour of the fruit surface. NAI increased slowly from 0.25 to 0.6 two weeks prior to optimum maturity. NDVI values fell from 0.9 to 0.2 before and during ripening, with significant changes starting ca. 3 weeks before and during the week after the optimum harvest date. Fertigation delayed fruit ripening viz harvest date by ca. 4 days. Fertigation delayed changes in the intensity of the fruit’s epidermal pigments, expressed as NDVI for 1 week and NAI for 4 weeks, respectively, but had no significant effect on fruit colour or NDVI and NAI values at the optimal harvest date. At this time, those fruits from the fertigated trees were firmer with a lower starch index compared with the un-fertigated control. Statistically, highly significant correlations were found (p?≤?0.01) (r?=?0.35 to r?=?0.91, R2?=?0.11–0.83) between all the studied spectral and standard parameters i.e. fruit fresh firmness, soluble solids content and starch index. 相似文献
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Salvatore D’Aquino Mario Schirra Maria Giovanna Molinu Marco Tedde Amedeo Palma 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on internal browning (IB) and keeping quality of early maturing European pears cv ‘Camusina di Genova’ and ‘Camusina di Bonarcado’ was examined over 10 days of storage at 18 °C. AVG was applied at 125 or 250 mg/L 2 weeks before harvest. At harvest fruit treated with AVG was less ripe than control fruit, being significantly firmer and experiencing lower values of maturity stage (based on ground color), maturity index (calculated value) and IB, depending on the AVG dose and cultivar. During storage, there was no treatment-dependent difference in titratable acidity and total soluble solids of juice, while both treatments reduced ethylene and respiration rates, delayed the ripening process and lowered the incidence of IB and the loss of firmness, especially when applied at 250 mg/L. In addition, AVG treatment significantly reduced decay development in both cultivars, mainly when it was applied at 250 mg/L. This effect was related to the delay of ripen and to possible inhibition of ethylene production by the pathogens and/or infected tissues. 相似文献
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甜樱桃采后生理与贮藏保鲜 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
从甜樱桃果实采后生理特性、软化机理、采后病害及其防治、钙处理、气调贮藏、涂膜保鲜等六个方面综述了近年来国内外对甜樱桃采后生理与贮藏保鲜技术的研究状况。甜樱桃属于非跃变型果实,但乙烯对其采后衰老也有一定的影响。甜樱桃贮藏过程中存在的主要问题有可滴定酸和维生素C含量快速下降、果肉褐变、果实失水、软化、腐烂等,控制甜樱桃果实采后腐烂的方法主要包括物理防治、化学防治、生物防治和综合防治等,采用浸钙、涂膜、气调贮藏等技术手段和方法有利于保持甜樱桃果柄及果面颜色和果实硬度,减缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量下降,减少失水和腐烂,延长甜樱桃果实贮藏时间,提高贮藏品质。 相似文献
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A. Raphael Stern Ruth Ben-Arie 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):943-948
Summary‘Red Delicious’, the main apple cultivar grown in Israel, and ‘Jonathan’, grown on a smaller scale, are prone to substantial pre-harvest drop. Spraying both cultivars with the synthetic auxin 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-oxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) reduced pre-harvest fruit drop and increased yield. Application of 40 mg l–1 3,5,6-TPA 2 weeks before anticipated harvest (WBH), or 30 mg l–1 3,5,6-TPA at 4 and 2 WBH gave the best results, and were as effective as 2,4,5-trichloro-phenoxypropionic acid (2,4,5-TP) which was the commercial product commonly in use until being withdrawn. There were no negative effects on fruit quality at harvest, or during 8 months of storage. Therefore 3,5,6-TPA can be recommended for routine use on ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Jonathan’ apples in Israel. 相似文献