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黑龙江省大豆疫霉根腐病调查与病原分离 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
１９９６年对黑龙江省东部和中部大豆产区２３个市、县的大豆苗期疫霉根腐病进行了调查、研究,应用ＰＢＮＩＣ疫霉选择性培养基分离大豆疫霉根腐病病原菌,从牡丹江、穆棱、林口和佳木斯豆田具疫霉根腐症状的大豆植株上分离到大豆疫霉根腐病菌,并从根腐病株上单独或与大豆疫霉菌同时分离到终极腐霉菌,研究进一步证实我国黑龙江省有大豆疫霉根腐病。调查发现,大豆疫霉根腐病和终极腐霉根腐病主要发生在土质粘重、土壤含水量高或易积水的田块。 相似文献
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苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌(Botryosphaeria stevensii)、美澳型核果褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola)和丁香疫霉病菌(Phytophthora syringae)是为害多种水果和其他植物的重要检疫性真菌,均能侵染苹果果实导致烂果,并造成严重的经济损失。本研究设计和筛选了3对特异性引物,建立了同步检测3种检疫性真菌的普通PCR和三重PCR方法。设计的引物Bs-368 F/R、M.cola 986F/R和Psy1/Psy2能分别特异性地扩增出B.stevensii、M.fructicola和P.syringae所有供试菌株的DNA,而对相应多个近似种的DNA则无扩增。灵敏度试验结果表明,上述3对引物分别检测B.stevensii、M.fructicola和P.syringae DNA的灵敏度是41.7 pg、47.4 pg和0.375 pg,三重PCR同时检测到3种病菌DNA的灵敏度是4.44 ng。该方法可以满足对进境苹果果实携带的苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌、美澳型核果褐腐病菌和丁香疫霉病菌的快速初筛,加速进境新鲜水果的快检快放。 相似文献
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非洲菊疫霉根腐病的快速分子诊断 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
隐地疫霉引起的根腐病是非洲菊生产上的主要病害,为发展该病的快速诊断技术,本文比较了卵菌核糖体基因ITS的序列,在此基础上设计了2条针对隐地疫霉的特异性PCR引物PC1和PC2。供试的23种不同真菌和疫霉菌的46个菌株中,利用这对引物能从隐地疫霉基因组DNA中扩增出一条分子量为620bp的特异性条带,该引物的检测灵敏度可达10pg。采用快速组织碱裂解法提取发病植物组织的DNA,结合PCR检测技术,4h内可从发病的非洲菊根部组织中特异性地检测到隐地疫霉菌。结果表明,建立的非洲菊疫霉根腐病菌分子检测方法可用于该病害的快速分子诊断。 相似文献
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2005年1月,张家港局对一批来自美国的6万t大豆实施检疫时,抽取了样品和其中携带的土壤颗粒,经过PCR快速检测方法和传统的叶碟诱集法的两次相互验证检测,确认该批大豆中携带大豆疫霉病菌.现已对该批大豆进行了除害处理. 相似文献
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基于环介导等温扩增技术检测雪松疫霉根腐病菌 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
雪松疫霉根腐病菌(Phytophthora lateralis Tucker et Milbrath)是一种重要的毁灭性植物病原菌,也是我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。目前,我国未有该病害发生的报道,为了防止P.lateralis的传入和扩散,需对其进行快速、准确的检测。本文利用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),以Ypt1基因为靶标序列,设计LAMP特异性引物,建立LAMP反应体系,并对灵敏度和特异性进行检测。结果表明:整个检测过程仅需80 min,即可通过肉眼观察直接判定检测结果。在特异性检测中,P.lateralis菌株都能观察到天蓝色的阳性反应,而其他疫霉菌和真菌供试菌株均呈阴性反应。在灵敏度检测中,最低检测限为100 pg/μL。该方法的建立为P.lateralis的检疫鉴定及其所致病害的快速诊断提供了新技术。 相似文献
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大豆疫病ＰｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｓｏｊａｅＫａｕｆｍａｎｎ＆Ｇｅｒｄｅｍａｎｎ是霜霉目、腐霉科,疫霉属真菌引起的大豆根腐、茎腐病,1991年在我省被发现,1995年被列为国内检疫对象,因为是近几年才发展起来的病害,认识的人少,防治意识差,目前传播、扩散速度较快。该?.. 相似文献
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李属植物检疫性丁香疫霉和栗黑水疫霉的三重PCR分子检测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为建立我国禁止进境的2种检疫性真菌丁香疫霉Phytophthora syringae和栗黑水疫霉P.cambivora的同步分子检测方法,根据疫霉属的18S rRNA、HSP90和Ypt1基因分别设计通用引物、丁香疫霉和栗黑水疫霉的特异性引物,建立三重PCR检测方法,并进行灵敏度测试和模拟带菌试验。结果表明,可同时检测李属植物上丁香疫霉和栗黑水疫霉的特异三重PCR检测体系为:最佳引物浓度组合18SUF/18SUR、PCSF/PCSR和PSSF/PSSR依次为0.2、0.8、1.0μL,最佳退火温度为63℃,最佳退火时间为20 s。该体系扩增丁香疫霉出现884 bp的18S rRNA条带和683 bp的HSP90基因特异条带,扩增栗黑水疫霉出现884 bp的18S rRNA条带和314 bp的Ypt1基因特异条带,对照菌只出现18S rRNA条带;三重PCR反应体系检测灵敏度低于单重PCR;模拟带菌试验可同时扩增出3个片段。表明该三重PCR检测方法能实现丁香疫霉和栗黑水疫霉的同步特异性检测,可有效改进李属类水果及其种苗上检疫性疫霉的快速检测。 相似文献
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基于CLIMEX的苜蓿籽象甲在中国的适生区分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
苜蓿籽象甲(Tychius medicaginis Bris.)在我国主要分布于新疆的北疆地区和甘肃,是新疆北疆苜蓿种子田重要害虫.本研究综合运用CLIMEX 3.0与ArcGIS 9.3对苜蓿籽象甲在我国目前以及未来气候条件下的潜在地理分布进行了研究.结果显示:目前气候条件下,苜蓿籽象甲在我国的适生区主要分布于新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等苜蓿主要种植地区.基于中国未来气候的预测结果显示,2020年,其中高度适生区范围由20.25％增加至23.88％,增加了3.63％;非适生区有所减少,由21.32％降至13.99％,减少了7.33％.可以看出,未来气候条件将更适宜首蓿籽象甲的生存.鉴于首蓿籽象甲在我国的适生性研究结果,建议进一步完善监测预警预报体系,采取相应有效的防控策略,加强对苜蓿籽象甲的防治措施,严防该虫的进一步传播扩散. 相似文献
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苜蓿假盘菌及其生物学特性研究 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
研究了苜蓿假盘菌及其生物学特性 ,用常规方法分离培养苜蓿假盘菌较困难 ,试验应用离心稀释分离法获得纯菌株。培养基为V-8碳酸钙琼脂培养基 ,适宜子囊孢子萌发和菌落生长的pH为 3～8和 4～6(最适为5)。在人工培养基上病菌生长缓慢 ,生长 40d的菌落直径只有 2.5～3.5mm ,在培养基上经过20d后才能形成成熟的子囊盘。苜蓿假盘菌子囊孢子萌发温度为 6～25℃ ,最适温度为 15～20℃。芽管生长温度为 10～30℃ ,最适温度为20℃。不同菌株间致病力存在显著差异(p<0.05)。 相似文献
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The characteristics of 50 isolates of Mycosphaerella pinodes and 17 isolates of Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella , originating from several regions of France where ascochyta blight is prevalent, were investigated using cultural, physiological, molecular and pathogenicity analyses. M. pinodes was distinguished from P. medicaginis var. pinodella on the basis of presence of pseudothecia, a higher proportion of larger, bicellular conidia, compared with the smaller, predominantly unicellular conidia of P. medicaginis var. pinodella , and a slower linear growth rate on agar under a 12-h light regime. RAPD analysis clearly distinguished the two species, which had low intraspecific variability. Although both species gave identical symptoms, they could be distinguished by their incubation period and aggressiveness, respectively, shorter and higher for M. pinodes . Virulence tests gave no definitive evidence for the existence of pathotypes among the M. pinodes isolates. Two unidentified isolates had similar characters to both M. pinodes and P. medicaginis var. pinodella in some features but were distinguished from them by their RAPD patterns. 相似文献
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MARTIN J. BARBETTI 《Plant pathology》1985,34(1):49-53
A wide range of fungi was recorded from leaves and petioles of subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), with and without symptoms of disease, in Western Australia. Leptosphaerulina trifolii (Rostrup) Petrak and Phoma medicaginis Malb. & Roum. were the two most frequently isolated fungi. Ascochyta caulicola Lamb., Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andus & Moore, Curvularia trifolii (Kauffm.) Boedijn., Fusarium avenaceum (FR.) Sacc, Myrothecium verrucaria (Fr.) Sacc, Phoma medicaginis , and Stemphylium globuliferum (Vestergr.) Simmons were new records on subterranean clover foliage in Western Australia. Phoma medicaginis was demonstrated to be pathogenic and this is the first record as a pathogen on subterranean clover foliage in Western Australia, M. verrucaria and F. avenaceum caused leaf spotting or more extensive lesions as a consequence of undetermined phytotoxic products produced on agar plate cultures. 相似文献
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M. J. BARBETTI 《Plant pathology》1991,40(2):296-301
The post-inoculation temperature and humidity conditions most favourable for development of Phoma black stem and leaf spot (Phoma medicaginis) and Leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii) diseases on lucerne (Medicago sativa) were determined using controlled-environment cabinets. P. medicaginis caused more severe leaf disease at day/night temperatures of 21/16 and 18/13°C compared with 15/10°C; petiole disease was most severe at 21/16°C compared with 18/13°C, and least severe at 15/ 10°C. L. trifolii generally caused more severe leaf disease at 18/13°C compared with 21/16°C or 15/10°C, but the most severe petiole disease occurred at 21/16°C with least at 15/10°C Leaf disease caused by either P. medicaginis or L. trifolii was always more severe with the longest period (168 h) of high-humidity incubation and, generally, increased with increasing periods of high humidity. The severity of petiole disease was much less affected than that of leaf disease by an increase in the period of high-humidity incubation. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Phoma medicaginis is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, commonly found infecting the annual medic Medicago truncatula. To differentiate eight P. medicaginis isolates, five gene regions were examined: actin, beta-tubulin, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1alpha), and the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA. Sequence comparisons showed that specimens isolated from M. truncatula in Western Australia formed a group that was consistently different from, but allied to, a P. medicaginis var. medicaginis type specimen. EF-1alpha contained a hyper-variable 55-bp repeat unit, which forms the basis of a rapid polymerase chain reaction-based method of reliably distinguishing isolates. Characterization of three isolates showed that all exhibited a narrow host range, causing disease only in M. sativa and M. truncatula among eight commonly cultivated legume species sampled. Infection of 86 M. truncatula single-seeded accessions showed a continuous distribution in disease phenotypes, with the majority of accessions susceptible. On a 1-to-5 disease reaction scale increasing in severity, individual fungal isolates showed means of 2.6 to 3.2, and scores ranged from 1 to 4.8 among accessions. The results presented here suggest that M. truncatula harbors specific and diverse sources of resistance to individual P. medicaginis genotypes. 相似文献
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M. I. Zahid G. M. Gurr † A. Nikandrow M. Hodda W. J. Fulkerson H. I. Nicol 《Plant pathology》2002,51(2):242-250
The effects on white clover ( Trifolium repens ) of different combinations of the nematodes Meloidogyne trifoliophila , Helicotylenchus dihystera and Heterodera trifolii and nine stolon-infecting and three root-infecting fungi were studied in a glasshouse experiment. The presence of the fungus Phytophthora megasperma alone increased ( P < 0·001) root-rot severity and reduced ( P < 0·001) plant growth. Other species combinations, such as Phoma nebulosa and Alternaria alternata , interacted and increased root-rot severity. Combinations of P. megasperma with Pythium irregulare , and P. nebulosa with Phoma medicaginis or A. alternata , increased M. trifoliophila populations. Several other fungi ( P. irregulare , P. nebulosa , Colletotrichum coccodes , Macrophomina phaseolina , P. medicaginis and Phoma sp.) interacted with the nematode M. trifoliophila causing severe root-knot symptoms. The results indicated that fungi and nematodes interacted to cause root and stolon rot and reduced yields, and that poor persistence of white clover in pastures is likely to be a problem with a complex etiology. 相似文献
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检疫有害生物治理软件的开发与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
检疫性有害生物治理（QPM）软件是由三个系统集成，即基础知识、LucID和测验。基础知识系统提供用户学习检疫法律法规、有害生物基础知识和检疫操作技术。LucID系统是通过多途径检索表让用户鉴定有害生物分类单元。LucID系统是由两个了系统构成，即Builer子系统是用于建立多途径检索表，而Player子系统是显示多途径检索表。在QPM中，LucID检索表是昆虫目检索表、植物检疫性病害检索表、植物检疫性昆虫检索表和植物检疫性杂草检索表。测验系统是考察用户对于检疫知识掌握的程度。QPM软件测试表明：运行稳定，结果可靠，系统各功能符合设计要求。它适合于我国国内检疫人员对检疫性有害生物快速鉴定及培训和自学提高，也可用于相关的检疫机构和教学领域。 相似文献