共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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为了筛选最有效的灰茶尺蠖性信息素诱芯,探讨产品使用技术方案,从信息素配方、诱捕器类型、诱捕器悬挂高度比较了性信息素诱芯诱捕器对灰茶尺蠖的诱捕效果。结果表明,5种不同配方比较,以诱芯B(Z3Z9-6,7环氧-十八碳二烯和Z3Z6Z9-十八碳三烯质量配比1∶3)的引诱效果最好;船型诱捕器的引诱效果显著高于其他诱捕器;5种不同悬挂高度比较,以诱捕器悬挂高于茶蓬面20 cm和40 cm的效果最好。建议在灰茶尺蠖发生区域、成虫扬飞前,将灰茶尺蠖诱芯B(Z3Z9-6,7环氧-十八碳二烯和Z3Z6Z9-十八碳三烯质量配比1∶3)配套船型诱捕器使用,可进行茶园灰茶尺蠖害虫的监测与防控。 相似文献
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为深入了解国内暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky种群的性信息素组分及其田间引诱效果,采用气质联用技术对其雌性信息素进行了分离鉴定,利用标记-回捕技术测试了5 h内暗黑鳃金龟的扩散距离,并在此基础上测试了诱捕器颜色、离地高度、密度、单诱芯性信息素含量等对田间诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：L-异亮氨酸甲酯和（R）-（-）-芳樟醇为国内青岛种群暗黑鳃金龟雌虫性信息素的主要组分,两者含量比为7：1;暗黑鳃金龟5 h扩散距离可达400 m以上,平均扩散距离为55.9 m,扩散距离在20~60 m的个体占总虫数的77.5%;黄色诱捕器对该虫的引诱效果显著优于黑色和绿色;诱捕器离地2 m引诱到的试虫数目显著高于1、1.5、2.5和3 m;单个诱芯性信息素含量360 mg引诱效果最好,显著高于180 mg及以下浓度;诱捕器间隔20~60 m防治效果较好,结合使用成本和试虫扩散距离,间距60 m最优。 相似文献
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为探索鲜食玉米田间主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)的绿色防控方法,于2018年－2019年在浙江东阳利用性诱剂对亚洲玉米螟进行了田间种群监测和诱捕效率试验,对7种亚洲玉米螟性信息素诱芯和2种诱捕器进行组合,并测试了诱捕器悬挂高度对诱捕效果的影响。结果表明,7种诱芯对亚洲玉米螟雄蛾均有引诱活性,不同诱捕器和诱芯组合的诱捕效率有显著差异,其中诱芯F、诱芯E、诱芯C分别与船型诱捕器组合及诱芯E与飞蛾诱捕器组合田间诱捕效果较好,两种诱捕器诱蛾总量无显著差异,诱捕器悬挂于1.8 m高度的效果优于1.5 m和1.2 m。田间种群监测结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在5月和9月各有一次比较典型的高峰,性诱剂可有效用于亚洲玉米螟田间种群监测。 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是危害我国玉米的重要害虫,为了探索其生物防治方法,测试了不同来源的3种诱芯(诱芯A、诱芯B和诱芯C)对陕西关中灌区玉米螟的引诱活性,并比较了水盆式和三角形两种诱捕器类型及诱捕器不同悬挂高度(1.0、1.5、1.8和2.0 m)的诱捕效果。结果表明:诱芯A(北京中捷玉米螟诱芯)和诱芯B(中国科学院动物研究所玉米螟诱芯)均对亚洲玉米螟成虫具有一定的引诱活性,以诱芯B效果更佳;两种类型诱捕器对玉米螟诱虫总数差异显著;三角形诱捕器悬挂在2.0 m处的效果优于悬挂在1.5 m处。诱芯B较适合陕西关中灌区玉米螟的预测预报及生物防控,建议在田间应用中使用三角形诱捕器,悬挂高度以1.8~2.0 m为宜。 相似文献
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几种因素对斜纹夜蛾性信息素诱捕效果的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用田间诱集效果测定,就不同来源诱芯、诱捕器不同置放高度、不同类型诱捕器、诱芯不同储藏期等因素对信息素诱集斜纹夜蛾数量以及时序动态的影响进行了研究,以探讨蔬菜害虫斜纹夜蛾性信息素应用的关键技术。结果表明:3种不同来源的斜纹夜蛾性诱剂诱捕效果无显著差异;斜纹夜蛾性信息素置放高度依据不同寄主田间生长高度,以1～1.5m效果较好;3种诱捕器诱集效果相当,诱集代次清晰、峰谷明显,均可作为斜纹夜蛾性信息素配套的诱捕器;斜纹夜蛾橡皮塞诱芯置放冰箱贮藏1年或2年,诱蛾活性显著下降,诱蛾量下降60%以上。 相似文献
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捕蝇笼、物理诱黏剂均能同时诱集到南瓜实蝇和桔小实蝇且效果良好,捕蝇笼对苍蝇类卫生害虫诱集效果也非常好.捕蝇笼间隔距离20m、30m、50m,诱集的桔小实蝇数量均值差异不显著,但诱集的南瓜实蝇数量均值差异显著,以间隔50m距离的诱虫量最大,达每笼48头,显著多于20m距离的诱虫量18.67头,极显著多于30m距离的诱虫量11.89头.物理诱黏瓶间隔距离20m、30m、50m,诱杀的桔小实蝇、南瓜实蝇数量均值差异不显著.捕蝇笼、物理诱黏剂和性诱剂诱杀桔小实蝇的数量均值差异不显著.捕蝇笼诱集南瓜实蝇和其它昆虫的数量及总诱虫量均值明显高于物理诱黏剂,差异达极显著水平.捕蝇笼和物理诱黏剂均可作为实蝇类害虫监测、调查与防治的一项技术措施. 相似文献
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瓜实蝇 Bactrocera cucurbitae (Copullett)是我国瓜类蔬菜的重要入侵害虫, 为筛选出对瓜实蝇具有毒杀及驱避作用的植物精油, 室内测定了4种植物精油在不同浓度下对瓜实蝇的毒杀及产卵驱避效果, 并进行了田间验证。结果表明:4种植物精油对瓜实蝇成虫的毒杀效果随精油浓度升高而升高, 浓度为7 mg/mL和10 mg/mL的肉桂精油对瓜实蝇的毒杀效果极显著高于其他精油, 处理后24 h瓜实蝇校正死亡率分别为75.9%和100%;雌虫对冬青精油的嗅觉反应率为93.3%, 显著高于紫苏精油和山苍子精油。不同植物精油对雌虫产卵的驱避效果不同，当植物精油浓度为10 mg/mL时, 冬青精油对雌虫的产卵驱避率为69.04%, 显著高于其他精油。田间试验结果显示:不同植物精油对瓜实蝇成虫具有一定防控效果, 但处理间差异不显著, 可能是由于田间环境复杂、植物精油理化性质存在差异等因素导致。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Production of polygalacturonase (PG), a cell wall-degrading enzyme, by Phomopsis cucurbitae (latent infection fungus) was studied in relation to different carbon sources and various stages of cantaloupe fruit development. P. cucurbitae produced multiple PG isozymes both in vitro and in vivo. The fungus produced the highest PG activity and the greatest number of isozymes on pectin compared with those produced on glucose, galactose, and sucrose. Eight P. cucurbitae PG isozymes (pIs 3.7, 4.2, 6.6, 7.0, 7.3, 7.5, 7.8, and 8.6) were detected in extract from inoculated mature fruit (40 days after anthesis) by isoelectric focusing. Isozyme bands with pIs of 4.2, 7.3, and 7.8 were the most prominent. A similar set of PG isozymes was produced by P. cucurbitae in autoclaved mature fruit tissue (mesocarp). When tissue discs taken from 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-day postanthesis fruit were inoculated with P. cucurbitae, PG activity and the number of PG isozymes extracted from the macerated fruit tissue discs increased with the degree of fruit maturity and ripening. Increases in PG activity and PG isozymes were also correlated with reactivation of latent infections and the beginning of tissue maceration. An anionic PG isozyme (pI 4.2) was only visualized on decayed 50-day-old fruit exocarp, as well as 40- and 50-day-old fruit mesocarp. The experimental results support the hypotheses that P. cucurbitae PG isozymes play an important role in fruit decay once latent infection becomes active following harvest. 相似文献
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诱虫植物香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确诱虫植物香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局,进行了不同种植年限和丛间距的香根草条带对控制水稻二化螟作用距离和效果的研究。结果表明,在为害程度远低于防治指标的二化螟轻发生区,田埂上种植了一年和二年香根草的稻田螟虫枯心率均显著低于没有种植香根草的对照田,其中种植了二年香根草的稻田比种植了一年香根草的稻田对螟虫的控制效果更好,丛间距为5、3和1m的二年生香根草条带对早稻的平均保苗效果分别为63.6%、47.5%和69.7%,有效作用距离达到20m以上。在二化螟常年发生较重(85.45头/百丛)的地区,大田验证试验结果表明,香根草丛间距4m、行间距50m时,稻田二化螟越冬代幼虫的虫口减退率达到84.2%。通过研究明确了稻田四周田埂或路边种植香根草控制水稻二化螟的最佳田间布局为:丛间距3~5m、行间距50~60m。 相似文献
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The effects of pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Mill.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were investigated. At dosages of 2 or 0.2 mg, a binary blend containing (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16: Aid) and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13–18:Ald) (1:1) was as effective in attracting males as a quaternary blend containing Zll-16:Ald, (E)-11-hexadecenal (Ell-16:Ald), Z13–18:Ald and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13–18:Ald), (10:1:10:1). Within the range of 20 to 2000 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose; however, a load of 10 or 20 mg/dispenser was significantly less attractive to males than 2 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 3- and 4-week-old septa were lower than those in traps baited with 1- or 2-week-old septa. The gradual loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa should be renewed within 2-3 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone was measured in a flow system and monitored with Zl1– 16:Ald only. The emission was almost constant for 18 days and then decreased gradually until the 34th day. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing honeydew moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the nonsticky, non-saturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of honeydew moth populations. 相似文献
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本研究评价了不同类型的套袋对苦瓜上瓜实蝇和南瓜实蝇的防治效果。结果表明,两种实蝇对果长为3~4cm的苦瓜为害率最低,约为3%;套袋显著影响苦瓜的好瓜率,果长为3~4cm的苦瓜套袋后好瓜率显著高于果长为7~8cm苦瓜套袋后的好瓜率,且前者经高密度聚乙烯袋、无纺布袋和牛皮纸袋套袋后好瓜率均≥90%;套袋也显著影响苦瓜的发育和色泽,与未套袋的苦瓜相比,经塑料袋和无纺布套袋后苦瓜果长、横径和单瓜重显著增加,颜色之间并无差异。结合本研究,建议苦瓜套袋防治瓜实蝇和南瓜实蝇的适宜时期为苦瓜发育至果长3~4cm时,适合的果袋为高密度聚乙烯塑料袋和无纺布袋。 相似文献
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瓜实蝇密度和蜂密度对印啮小蜂寄生效能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室内以瓜实蝇幼虫作寄主研究了寄主密度和蜂密度对印啮小蜂寄生效能的影响。结果表明：印啮小蜂对瓜实蝇的寄生量受寄主密度影响显著。寄主密度为5~20头/管时,寄主密度的增加对印啮小蜂的寄生效能有增强作用,而当寄主密度过高时,寄主密度的增加会使印啮小蜂的寄生效能降低。印啮小蜂个体之间存在相互干扰作用。平均每头雌蜂的寄生量和寄生率、每头雌蜂产仔蜂量随蜂密度的增加而减少,说明蜂密度的增加降低了印啮小蜂的寄生效能。当蜂密度从2头/管增加到15头/管时,平均每头雌蜂寄生的瓜实蝇数量降低了近3/4。蜂虫比例越低,子代的雌性比率越高。 相似文献
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中国番木瓜出口蒸热杀虫处理研究,包括海南产日升番木瓜鲜果内橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel))和瓜实蝇(B.cucurbitae(Coquillett))的卵和不同龄期幼虫忍耐力比较试验,番木瓜小规模、大规模蒸热杀虫试验,以及蒸热处理对番木瓜品质的影响等。结果显示,番木瓜鲜果内2种实蝇的耐热力由强至弱的发育期依次为3龄幼虫→2龄幼虫→1龄幼虫→卵;其中,橘小实蝇的耐热力大于瓜实蝇,以橘小实蝇3龄幼虫的耐热力最强;完全杀灭番木瓜鲜果内2种实蝇的卵和幼虫(死亡率100%)的蒸热处理条件是番木瓜在蒸热室相对湿度60%～70%、约经3～3.5 h果心温度缓慢升温至41℃时,使用饱和热蒸汽(相对湿度90%～95%)25 min内快速升温至47℃后水淋冷却至常温。国产番木瓜小规模、大规模蒸热杀虫处理进一步确认和验证,在上述蒸热处理条件下,鲜果内总计数量分别为10 000头和32 000头最具耐热力的供试橘小实蝇3龄幼虫全部被杀灭,超过美国采用的机率9(Probit 9)检疫安全水平(99.9968%死亡率),完全可确保检疫安全。同时,蒸热处理后第7天的番木瓜鲜果与对照鲜果品质(包括色泽、口感,以及还原糖、蔗糖、总糖、总酸、维生素C和可溶性固形物的含量)的比较测定数据表明,除维生素C的含量有微量损失外,基本可保持鲜果的品质不变。 相似文献
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Control of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by pheromone-mediated mating disruption, was studied in Israel using two types of dispensers:
Shin-Etsu twist-tie (normal and long-life) and TNO matrix formulation (square wafers). Factors affecting mating disruption:
initial pest population density, timing of the pheromone application, early season insecticide treatments and monitoring of
the pest, were evaluated. Efficacy of mating disruption was assessed by comparing catch of males in pheromone traps located
in pheromone-treated and chemically sprayed control plots. Fruit infestation during the season and at picking time was the
major criterion to assess mating disruption. The preferred time for pheromone application was before the first flight of the
moth. When pheromones were applied at a later stage, one or two early insecticide sprays had to be used to reduce the initial
level of the codling moth population. In all tests, trap catch in pheromone-treated plots was drastically reduced as compared
with respective control plots. In pheromone-treated plots where total seasonal trap catch (after pheromone application) was
less than 12 males/trap, fruit infestation was less than 1.5%; zero trap catch resulted in 0.1-0.3% infestation. At high population
levels, mating disruption was ineffective, with the rate of infestation at picking-time being similar in pheromone-treated
and control plots. All the field tests indicated that mating disruption with either Shin-Etsu ropes or TNO squares can control
codling moth infestations in apple and pear orchards, at relatively low densities of the pest, as efficiently as commercial
insecticide sprays. 相似文献
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M. Kehat 《Phytoparasitica》1977,5(1):35-37
The efficiency of 100% purified Z-9, E-11-tetradecadienyl acetate, the major sex attractant for males ofS. littoralis, was evaluated in a field test. A trap (17-cm diameter) baited with 2 mg of the purified attractant dispensed in polyethene vials, was significantly less efficient in attractiveness than a trap baited with one virgin female. The importance of a synergistic component for improving the efficiency of theS. littoralis sex pheromone is discussed. 相似文献