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1.
Background: The efficacy of intravenous (IV) administration of azumolene (Az), an analogue 30‐fold more soluble than dantrolene, on pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) is incompletely understood. Objective: To evaluate efficacy of Az on MH crisis in pigs. Animals: Eight normal (MHN) and 7 susceptible to MH (MHS) pigs (Landrace × Large White × Pietran). Methods: Prospective, laboratory trial. Hypermetabolic crisis was observed in MHS pigs, but not in MHN pigs, after a combined administration of inhaled halothane (1.5%) and IV injection of succinylcholine (SCh; 2.5 mg/kg). Susceptibility was confirmed using a caffeine and halothane contracture test. Az was administered 15 minutes after administration of SCh. Results: Respiratory acidosis (pH 7.16 ± 0.02; Pco 2, 46.2 ± 9.1 mmHg, HCO3, 22.5 ± 2.3 mmol/L), fever (38.2 ± 1.1°C), cardiac arrhythmias, and muscle contracture were observed in MHS pigs. MHS pigs (n = 5) treated with Az (2 mg/kg IV) survived the crisis with attenuation of signs (pH 7.30 ± 0.10; Pco 2, 36.3 ± 4.5 mmHg; HCO3, 22.9 ± 2.3 mmol/L) and recovery of normal muscle tone and cardiac rhythm. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Az represents a possible substitute for dantrolene to reverse MH crisis in susceptible pigs.  相似文献   

2.
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disorder of skeletal muscle. In genetically susceptible pigs, MH can be induced by volatile, halogenated anaesthetics such as halothane. Within a series of pharmacological investigations, a fulminant MH could be induced in 59 of 66 homozygous halothane-susceptible pigs by a challenge with 3% halothane for 15 minutes. The typical MH was characterized by sudden appearance of tachycardia, muscle rigidity with typical extension of the hindlimbs, increase of body temperature, acidosis-caused by rapid increase of CO2 and lactate production-, hyperkalaemia and increased activity of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate transaminase (AST). In seven homozygous MH-susceptible pigs, this typical MH could not be induced by halothane. These animals responded with sudden appearance of bradyarrhythmia and decrease of arterial pressure. In these MH-atypical pigs (MHA) neither the typical extension of hindlimbs nor a hyperthermia occurred. Compared to a group of 6 MH-susceptible pigs with typical reactions to halothane (MHS), the biochemical alterations were significantly retarded in MHA-pigs. These atypical reactions to halothane could be the effect of decreased cardiac output. Concerning the atypical reactions, we observed a familiar predisposition in MH-susceptible pigs. Although atypical reactions were not found in a group of homozygous halothane-nonsusceptible pigs (MHN), a possible explanation for atypical reactions could be a MH-independent halothane-susceptibility of the myocardium+ in MHA-pigs. On the other side the data may indicate that a primary defect in both the skeletal muscle and also the myocardium is involved in MH. The different reactions to halothane in MH-susceptible pigs could point to a genetic heterogeneity.  相似文献   

3.
We tested the hypothesis that lymphocytes from swine with susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia (MH) had increased sensitivity to the membrane-perturbing effects of halothane that increase cytoplasmic calcium. Cytoplasmic concentration of ionized calcium in lymphocytes isolated from blood was determined in the presence and absence of halothane for 10 Pietrain x Poland China swine that were susceptible to MH and 20 Yorkshire swine that were resistant to MH. Calcium was determined by dual-emission spectrofluorometry and by measuring the ratio of free to calcium-bound form of the fluorescent calcium dye Indo-1. Mean values for calcium concentrations in lymphocytes from MH-susceptible (MHS) swine were 80% less than control values (40.5 +/- 38.8 and 185.3 +/- 91.6 nmol/L; P less than 0.01). Untreated lymphocytes from MHS swine accumulated calcium at half the rate observed for controls. Exposure to 1 mmol/L halothane resulted in a 3-fold increase of free calcium concentration to 127.9 +/- 81.3 nmol/L in the lymphocytes of MHS swine, but had no significant effect on lymphocytes from control swine (225.0 +/- 91.4; P less than 0.01). Exposure to 2 mmol/L halothane resulted in a 6-fold increase of free calcium concentration to 255.9 +/- 91.4 nmol/L in lymphocytes from MHS swine and a 63% increase in lymphocytes from controls (303.8 +/- 116). The rate of halothane-induced increase in cytosolic calcium was 13 times greater in lymphocytes from MHS swine, compared with controls. These data indicated that the molecular defect that results in halothane-hypersensitivity and is characteristic of muscle of MHS swine also occurs in lymphocytes from MHS swine.  相似文献   

4.
通过猪毛检测丹麦长白猪氟烷基因的变异   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  
采集５６头丹麦长白猪（其中１头为１周龄的仔猪，２６头种公猪，２９头种母猪）猪毛样品，粗提ＤＮＡ，进行ＰＣＲ扩增，得到６５９ｈｐ在氟烷基因中（即兰尼定受体基因）中第１８４３个碱基的异片段，经过ＨｈａＩ酶切和电泳来检测氟烷基的变异，即其基因型，结果表明，（１）５６头长白猪中，阳性猪（ｎ／ｎ）１头占１．７９％，杂合子猪（Ｎ／ｎ）为１８头，占３２．１４％，阴性猪（Ｎ／Ｎ）为３７头，占６６．０７％杂合子数实  相似文献   

5.
Seventy-six, day 12 to day 15 bovine embryos, collected from 14 donors which had been inseminated with either X or Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa fractions of semen separated by a thermal convection counterstreaming sedimentation and forced convection galvanization process, were processed for sexing by chromosomal analysis. Fifty-seven embryos were sexed; 20 from Y chromosome-bearing and 37 from X chromosome-bearing fractions of semen. Statistical analysis of the sexing data indicated that there was no significant difference in the male: female ratio for donors receiving male fractions compared to those receiving female fractions. The Y chromosome-bearing fractions produced a male: female ratio that was indistinguishable from the expected 1:1 ratio. However, the X chromosome-bearing fractions of semen produced a highly significant deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio towards the male.  相似文献   

6.
Associations between production traits and the genes for halothane sensitivity (HAL), S, A and H blood group systems and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) enzyme systems were investigated in two lines of pigs selected for an index. The phenotypic variance-covariance matrix of the index included backfat thickness and daily gain, whereas the genetic variance-covariance matrix included daily gain, feed conversion and percentage of lean meat. The experiment was conducted at the experimental station of the Institute of Animal Production and has been underway since 1973. The same index was applied but in two opposite directions to give a superior and inferior line in relation to the production traits. One hundred twenty-nine animals of the superior line in the seventh generation and 88 animals of the inferior line in the sixth generation were studied. Forty-two percent (54/129) of the animals of the superior line were halothane-positive. No animals in the inferior line were halothane reactors. Of the halothane-positive pigs, 70.4% (38/54) in the superior line had the HaHa and 94.4% (51/54) had the SsSs genotype, whereas only 4% (3/75) of the HaHa and 12% (9/75) of the SsSs pigs were halothane-negative. By practicing selection at the H and S loci, it seems possible to efficiently reduce halothane sensitivity in Swiss Landrace pigs. In pigs of the superior line, there were significant differences in percentage of lean meat, carcass length, pH1 (pH value at 45 min to 1 h postmortem, M. longissimus) and reflectance values among genotypes of the HAL, S and H systems and among some genotypes of the 6-PGD system. Poorest meat quality, highest percentage of lean meat and shortest carcass length were observed in pigs homozygous for the alleles HALn, Ss, Ha, PHIB and 6-PGDA. In the inferior line, these associations were absent. As the HAL locus is associated with the above mentioned production traits, linkage disequilibria may explain the observed associations among the H, S, PHI and 6-PGD types and production traits.  相似文献   

7.
Objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of halothane sensitivity in pigs that are homozygous normal at the ryanodine receptor nucleotide 1843 (HAL-1843-normal) and the relationships between halothane sensitivity and carcass composition or meat quality. In Exp. 1, piglets (Lines A, B, C, and D; n = 168, 170, 168, and 169, respectively) were obtained from mating a HAL-1843-normal sire line to four HAL-1843-normal dam lines. In Exp. 2, piglets from Lines A and B (n = 87 and 90, respectively) were included with piglets (Lines E, F, G, and H; n = 94, 92, 89, and 89, respectively) obtained from mating four HAL-1843-normal sire lines to a single HAL-1843-normal dam line. Pigs were subjected to 3% halothane at approximately 9 wk of age. In Exp. 1, limb rigidity, blotching of the skin, and muscle tremors were visually assessed, and based on these criteria, halothane sensitivity (HS) was observed in 48% of the pigs. To better characterize this response, a scoring system was developed and used in Exp. 2. Using this system, 25, 42, and 33% of the pigs in E and 40, 33, and 27% of the pigs in Line G were categorized as HS-low (HS-L), HS-intermediate (HS-I), and HS-high (HS-H), respectively. In Lines F and H, 13 and 18% of the pigs were HS-I, and 0 and 2% were HS-H, respectively. No consistent effects due to HS were observed in carcass composition or meat quality; however, when a subset of pigs from Exp. 2 were subjected to more extensive handling and transportation before slaughter, ultimate pH was lower and drip loss was higher in LM from HS-H compared with HS-L pigs (P < 0.05; n = 71). These results demonstrate that some pigs are sensitive to halothane anesthesia even in the absence of the known HAL-1843 polymorphism. Additionally, halothane sensitivity may be associated with inferior pork quality under adverse antemortem conditions.  相似文献   

8.
A replicated factorial experiment using 183 individually fed crossbred barrows was conducted. The pigs were fed an 18.5% CP (.95% lysine) diet with 3.594 kcal of ME/kg. The effects of five genotypes (GT): 1) Hampshire (H) X (H X Duroc [D]), 2) synthetic terminal sire line, 3) (H X D) X (Landrace [L] X [Yorkshire (Y) X D]), 4) L X (Y X D), and 5) Y X L; two levels of ractopamine (RAC) treatment: 0 and 20 ppm; and three treatment weight periods (WT): 1) 59 to 100, 2) 73 to 114, and 3) 86 to 127 kg live weight on ADG of dissected lean (ADLG) and fat standardized lean adjusted to 10% fat content (ADSLG) and feed efficiency of ADLG (LFE) and ADSLG (SLFE) were evaluated. Initial carcass lean quantity of each individual animal was determined by a regression equation (R2 = .95) generated from 30 additional barrows (six per GT) slaughtered at 59 kg and 30 (six per GT) untreated pigs slaughtered at 100 kg average live weight. Logarithmic and reciprocal transformations of dependent variables were used to stabilize heterogeneous variances and to improve normality of the residuals. Ractopamine increased (P less than .0001) ADLG, ADSLG, LFE, and SLFE, respectively, by 19.5, 25.0, 19.6, and 25.5%. Differences (P less than .001) were observed among genotypes for all traits, showing that considerable variation existed in the data and indicating that genetic improvement can be realized through the identification and selection of superior genotypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

9.
Twenty-one genetically lean, obese or contemporary slaughter weight castrated male pigs (6 mo old; seven of each genotype) were assigned to individual tether stalls and fed either a control diet (low fiber) or a diet containing 80% alfalfa meal (high fiber) at 1.50% of initial body weight for 71 d (1.75% for d 1 to 4). Apparent dry matter digestibility of the diets was estimated by determining acid insoluble ash in fecal samples. Fecal cellulolytic bacteria and total viable bacteria were enumerated at d 0, 14, 35, 49 and 70. Fecal inocula were used to determine 48-h in vitro digestibility of alfalfa meal fractions on the same days. Digesta rate of passage was determined by feeding a pulse dose of chromium-mordanted alfalfa fiber to the pigs fed the high-fiber diet. In vivo digestibility of both diets was less for the obese pigs than for the lean or contemporary genotypes. In vitro digestibility of alfalfa fiber fractions was not different between the genotypes fed either diet. When the high-fiber diet was fed, in vitro digestibility increased for all genotypes from d 0 to d 14, but not thereafter. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria for all three genotypes were greater when pigs were fed the high-fiber diet (23.0 X 10(8), 51.6 X 10(8), 37.2 X 10(8) per gram fecal dry weight; obese, lean and contemporary, respectively) compared to the low-fiber diet (3.0 X 10(8), 3.2 X 10(8), 3.4 X 10(8), respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
The fertility of male coypu sperm following seminal vesicle extirpation was investigated using the penetration test into the egg of Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). Ejaculates were obtained from five males by means of electro-ejaculation under halothane narcosis. The results of the zona-free hamster eggs (ZFHE) penetration test showed that the ejaculates of all the surgically treated coypu males were fertile and that ZFHE value fluctuated from 54 to 76.6%. The results obtained in experiments with natural mating revealed that the extirpation of male coypu seminal vesicles did not affect their fertility. In total 47 foetuses were found post mortem in ten coypu females covered by surgically treated males, which on average represented 4.7 foetuses per female.  相似文献   

11.
采用６ 只进口公蓝狐的精液,对２１０ 只国产母蓝狐进行人工授精,经对其中８５ 只母狐的受胎结果统计分析,受胎率达７３ ％ ,产仔率达６７０６ ％ ,空怀率１５３ ％ ,感染率１１８ ％ ,胎平均产仔８３ 只。对母狐受配次数进行统计分析,配２ 次的受胎率达６３６ ％ ,配３ 次的受胎率达７５６ ％ ;对配种方式进行统计分析,采用１ 次配后第２ ｄ 复配（１ ＋ １） ,受胎率达６０ ％ ,连续２ ｄ 复配（１ ＋ １ ＋ １） ,受胎率达７５ ％ 。  相似文献   

12.
【目的】 探究磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚单位β（PIK3CB）基因多态性及其与中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和产奶性状的关系。【方法】 通过混池测序对中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点筛选,采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR （KASP）技术在1 160头健康泌乳中国荷斯坦牛中进行SNP分型并进行群体遗传学分析,采用线性模型进行SNP与11个繁殖和产奶性状基于单位点和单倍型组合的关联分析。【结果】 在PIK3CB基因中共检测到了17个SNPs,筛选出7个SNPs用于后续分析。关联分析发现,7个SNPs与多个目标性状存在显著或极显著的关联（P<0.05;P<0.01）;位于外显子区域的g.130433743 A>G位点AA基因型个体和位于可变剪接区域的g.130448069 G>A位点GG基因型个体,其经产牛首末次配种间隔、产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量最低,体细胞评分最高,上述基因型个体具有较短的首末次配种间隔,而产奶性能相对较差;g.130387717 G>A位点AA基因型个体,其初配日龄和青年牛首末次配种间隔最低,产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量最高,该基因型个体的繁殖和产奶性能均较好,上述3个SNPs位点可作为中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和产奶性状的候选位点重点关注。单倍型分析发现,PIK3CB基因的g.130387717 G>A、g.130430832 A>－、g.130433743 A>G、g.130433982 C>T、g.130446073 C>T和g.130448069 G>A 6个SNPs紧密连锁形成一个单倍型块,且与多个目标性状存在显著或极显著关联（P<0.05;P<0.01）,其中H2H3和H2H4单倍型组合个体的繁殖和产奶性能较好,为优势单倍型组合。【结论】 中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因存在丰富的遗传变异,其多态性与繁殖和产奶性状存在关联,g.130433743 A>G、g.130448069 G>A和g.130387717 G>A位点可作为潜在分子标记,为中国荷斯坦牛的平衡育种提供理论依据。  相似文献   

13.
To test the relative importance of female choice, sneak copulation and male dominance as determinants of male mating success in a feral guppy population, we conducted a paired-male mating experiment using the colour patterns of male progeny to score paternity. Sneak copulation and male-male aggression had no noticeable effect on male mating success. Mating success was strongly related to the frequency of female behavioural responses to both displaying and non-displaying males. Relative area of orange colouration and complexity of male colour patterns were positively related to mating success. This substantiates the observed behavioural preference for orange, and strengthens claims that female choice is integral to male mating success. Males in trials in which both females failed to produce offspring showed lower levels of black pigmentation, suggesting a threshold mating preference for this ornament despite it not being correlated with variation in male mating success or attractiveness measures. The implications of these findings for the evolution of multiple secondary sex traits in male guppies are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
丹系长白猪恶性高温综合症（pMHS）基因的检测分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采集91头丹系长白种猪耳组织样品，用高盐法提取DNA，特异性扩增包含C1843在内的CRC／RYR1660bp片段，用HhaⅠ进行直接酶切，根据电泳图谱确定MHS基因座位上的基因型。结果表明91头丹系长白猪中，杂合猪（MHSN／MHSn）为10头，占10.98％，纯合阴性猪81头占89.02％，没有发现纯合阳性猪。MHSN和MHSn的基因频率分别为0.9451和0.0549。结合国内已有的测定结果，认为目前我国丹系长白猪群中MHSN及MHSn的基因频率分别为0.9086和0.0914。  相似文献   

15.
XX/XY chimerism and freemartinism in a female llama co-twin to a male.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
A 20-month-old female llama was examined because at the time of mating, the male llama was apparently unable to achieve intromission. The female llama had been born co-twin to a male. On physical examination, the vaginal vestibule appeared to end in a blind pouch, and the uterus, cervix, and ovaries could not be identified during transrectal palpation or ultrasonography. Karyotyping was done, and 43% of blood lymphocytes had 2 X chromosomes, and 57% had 1 X and 1 Y chromosome. All skin fibroblasts had 2 X chromosomes. A diagnosis of freemartinism and XX/XY chimerism was made. Because conception of twins may be more common in llamas than birth of twins, it is possible that freemartinism could develop in singleton females, if, for instance, a male twin was conceived and died after the placentas had anastomosed. More widespread use of karyotyping in llamas with congenital defects of the reproductive tract will help to define the incidence of freemartinism.  相似文献   

16.
Dairy farm agricultural income should increase when sexed semen is used instead of unsexed semen. This study simulated three scenarios: using unsexed semen (N), using X sperm of Holstein and unsexed semen of Japanese Black (H), and using X sperm of Holstein and Y sperm of Japanese Black (HJ). Two management scenarios were considered: conventional management (CONV); and the use of Japanese Black semen with surplus cows to produce F1s where sufficient replacement female Holstein calves were obtained for maintenance (MAINT). In CONV, the agricultural incomes of H and HJ were 610 000–2 400 000 yen higher than that of N. The agricultural income increased when the difference in the prices between Holstein males and average F1 male/female calves was 34 000–50 000 yen, that between Holstein male and female calves was 80 000–110 000 yen, and that between F1 male and female calves was 50 000–90 000 yen. Therefore, the agricultural income can be increased by using sexed semen to select calves of a more valued breed and sex.  相似文献   

17.
以公兔频繁配种法和H—Y抗血清注入法对家兔进行了性别控制(多产雌性仔兔)实验。结果,公兔频繁配种组(简称实验Ⅰ组)的13只母兔产仔70只,注入H—Y抗血清组(简称实验Ⅱ组)的16只母兔产仔107只,对照组的22只母兔产仔106只,仔兔公母比例分别为28.6:71.4、32.7:67.3、52.8:47.2。H—Y抗血清效价为1:512和1:128。试验组的仔兔雌性偏多,对照组的仔兔性比接近1:1。两实验组的仔兔性比均与对照组差异显著(P<0.01。)  相似文献   

18.
The activity of protease(s) was observed separately in cytosolic and membrane-bound protease(s) from male and female Hae monchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). Different fractions showed optimum protease activity at 37 degrees C, pH 8.5 and 8.0 mg casein concentration. The female fractions had a particularly high activity of protease(s) in comparison with the male fractions, especially of membrane-bound enzymes in the anterior half. Inhibition, activation studies revealed the presence of four kinds of protease(s) in cytosolic and membrane-bound fractions. Protease(s) in different fractions are purified to a greater extent by higher concentrations of saturated ammonium sulphate solution, i.e. ranging from 50 to 65%. The purification study revealed the presence of multiple forms of protease(s) in cytosolic and membrane-bound extracts of H. contortus.  相似文献   

19.
本文报道桑毛虫成虫的生物学特性,特别对成虫的交配习性作了较详细的描述.成虫在羽化后的1—7天内都有交配能力,其中以羽化次日晚的交配率为最高,羽化当天交配率偏低.其原因主要与成虫的性成熟程度有关.凌晨3:00—4:00是成虫性活跃的高峰时间,亦是雌雄交配的盛期.而傍晚前后的活动则与交配无关.雄成虫有多次交配习性,交配次数0—3次.雌蛾则多为一次交配,很少交配两次的.在雌雄成虫比例相当或雌少雄多时,其交配率均相仿.成虫从羽化到交配产卵约需1—2天.  相似文献   

20.
实验旨在探究对豁眼鹅体重和体尺性状进行选育的有效分子标记,根据GenBank鹅GH基因的cDNA序列以及前人的研究设计引物,以饲养于辽宁省和江苏省同批出雏的豁眼鹅,共计552只为实验材料,利用PCR-SSCP方法对GH基因外显子2进行SNPs检测,并将纯合基因型进行克隆测序。结果表明:豁眼鹅GH基因外显子2共有2个SNPs突变位点,得到10种基因型AA、BB、CC、DD、AB、AC、AD、BC、BD和CD,等位基因D的频率较高;经χ2检验,公、母鹅群体以及整个群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;将氨基酸序列突变和未突变的基因型分别合并后得到的3种基因型与10周龄体重和体尺性状进行关联分析发现,基因型对体重和部分体尺性状均有极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)影响;在公鹅和母鹅群体中,合并后的AB型与BB型分别为高生产性能基因型,可以作为对豁眼鹅体重和体尺性状进行选育的分子标记。  相似文献   

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