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PDJ对富士苹果、酥梨的疏花效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用PDJ(茉莉酮酸诱导体)对富士苹果和酥梨进行了疏花试验,结果表明,在盛花前1周和2周分别喷布浓度为0.50 mL/L0、.25 mL/L、0.15 mL/L的PDJ对富士苹果的疏花效果不显著,对果实品质无影响。在盛花前12 d(天)1、5 d(天)、18 d(天)分别喷布0.5 mL/L1、.0 mL/L2、.0 mL/L的PDJ显著减低了酥梨的坐果率,但是1.0 mL/L、2.0 mL/L处理疏除过量,由此认为以0.5 mL/L的浓度在盛花前15 d(天)前后喷布对酥梨的疏花效果较好。 相似文献
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施易乐对红富士苹果疏花试验初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人工疏花疏果费工费时,化学疏花疏果又有一些副作用,如石硫合剂对蜜蜂有杀伤作用,NAA等生长素对果实有抑制作用等。为寻求无公害又安全的疏花剂,我们用施易乐钙制剂做疏花剂进行了红富士苹果的疏花试验。1 试材与方法1.1 试材 试验于 2004 年在沁水县郑庄乡南郎村果园进行,供试品种为10年生红富士苹果树,供试药剂为施易乐(山西农业生物技术研究中心研制)。1.2 方法 试验共设9个处理,分别为①、②在顶花芽中心花盛开后第 2 天和第 3 天各喷 1 次施易乐 50 倍液;③、④在顶花芽中心花盛开后第 2 天、第 3 天各喷 1次施易乐100倍液;⑤在… 相似文献
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为了改善甜瓜品质,以"莎妃"甜瓜为试验材料,在土壤施肥的基础上,配合9个不同浓度水平叶面喷施钙、锌、硒肥的处理,并以喷施清水作为对照,研究施用不同浓度钙、锌、硒肥对设施甜瓜品质和果肉钙、锌、硒含量的影响。结果表明,3次施肥后,Ca_3(叶喷钙肥0.500 g/L+667 m~2土壤施钙5 kg)处理效果最佳;Zn_2(叶喷钙肥0.870 g/L+667 m~2土壤施锌800 g)处理较对照含锌量增加了45.9%,富锌效果明显;Se_2(叶喷硒肥0.010 g/L+667 m~2土壤施硒200 g)、Se_3(叶喷硒肥0.005 g/L+667 m~2土壤施硒100 g)处理不仅能够改善甜瓜品质,而且果肉富硒效果显著;综合各项指标及成本,考虑推荐施用Ca_3、Zn_2和Se_3处理双补施肥方法分别为富钙、富锌和富硒最佳配比。 相似文献
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防落素喷布脐橙花、幼果能显著提高座果率及单株产量.生产上推荐使用浓度为15～20mg/L,以落花期和生理落果期各喷布1次效果最好. 相似文献
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套袋对苹果果实钙素吸收与分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.Fuji)为试材,进行了套袋处理,以不套袋果实为对照,测定其果实的Ca含量,研究套袋对果实钙素吸收与分布的影响。结果表明,果实套袋后,在花后40～90d,整果钙吸收量高于对照果实;从花后120d开始,对照果实整果钙含量一直高于套袋果实。此外,苹果果实在整个生长发育过程中对Ca都有吸收,花后40d内,苹果果实吸收整果钙含量的20%左右;从花后40d(套袋)到90d,果实钙吸收量迅速升高,对照果实可吸收整果钙含量的66.1%,套纸袋果实可吸收整果钙含量的73.8%;此外,在果实的成熟期仍有少量的钙吸收。果实套袋后,果实各个部分的钙含量变化与对照果实相比,果皮中钙含量明显低于对照果实,而果肉和果心的钙含量却高于对照果实。 相似文献
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The experiments described in this paper were designed. (1) to investigate the mechanism whereby α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), applied as a spray to apple trees between full bloom and two to four weeks after petal-fall, reduces the crop ; and (2) to assess the possible value of this substance as a blossom- and fruit-thinning agent.Spraying open flowers with NAA before pollination was found to induce incompatibility between the pollen tubes and the stylar tissue, and it is considered that this may account for the reduction in set which results from spraying trees at full bloom with NAA. Applied after petal- fall, the spray caused the abortion of a large proportion of the developing seeds and this, in turn, led to an abnormally large drop of young fruitlets. The seeds appeared to be susceptible to damage by NAA only as long as the endosperm was in the free nuclear stage, a condition which, in most varieties of apple, persists until about the third week after petal-fall. As a thinning agent, NAA has the disadvantage that it tends to retard fruit growth. This effect is particularly marked when the spray is applied later than two weeks after petal-fall, and frequently offsets any increase in fruit size which might have resulted from thinning. Earlier application of the spray may, in certain varieties, cause a permanent stunting of the foliage. In the strongly biennial Miller’s Seedling, none of the thinning treatments, using NAA on individual branches, resulted in the differentiation of fruit buds in the " on ” year. 相似文献
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苹果施用硝酸钙的效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对苹果树叶面喷和土施试验证明:(1)叶面喷(包括盆栽和田间试验)0.3％Ca液2次,能促进树体生长、增加叶干重、提高树体N、K、Ca等营养元素水平,并明显提高果实产量和品质。在年生育期的前期或后期喷Ca,均能进入果实中,前期进入量高于后期。(2)土施Ca(NO_3)_2,同施用筹N量的尿素相比,叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Zn等元素含量,均有明显提高,并有增产和提高品质作用。在土施方式中,以Ca(NO_3)_2与有机肥混施为佳,但土施Ca(NO_3)_2对提高果实中Ca含量未显出明显效果。(3)总体效果,土施不如叶喷。 相似文献
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K. M. Jones T. B. Koen M. J. Oakford S. Bound 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):527-532
SummaryA series of trials in Tasmania examined the thinning effects of ethephon and NAA on ‘Red Fuji’ apple. In the ethephon trials, concentrations from 25 to 600 ppm were applied at full bloom (FB) or 14 days after full bloom (AFB) to trees on either seedling or M.M.106 rootstocks. The NAA trial involved spraying concentrations of 5, 10 or 15 ppm at FB or 14 days AFB to trees on seedling rootstocks. Ethephon thinning of ‘Red Fuji’ was similar at FB and 14 days AFB. The dependence of fruit thinning on ethephon concentration was described by fitting non-linear response curves. These relationships were stronger and less variable for M.M.106 than seedling trees. Ethephon proved a satisfactory thinner for trees on both rootstocks. At the high spray volume used, the preferred concentrations at both FB and 14 days AFB would be 25 or 50 ppm for seedling and 100 or 200 ppm for M.M.106 rootstocks. NAA under-thinned at 5 ppm and over-thinned at 10 and 15 ppm at both FB and 14 days AFB. No firm recommendation can be given for NAA as a thinner of ‘Fuji’ at this stage. 相似文献
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富士苹果施钙肥效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。 相似文献
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Sally A. Bound K. M. Jones T. B. Koen M. J. Oakford 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):789-794
A trial, at the Grove Research Station in southern Tasmania, studied the thinning effect of benzyladenine (BA) on five year old red ‘Fuji’ apple trees. Untreated control trees were compared with trees treated at four timings, from full bloom (FB) to 30 d after full bloom (AFB), with four concentrations of BA (50, 100, 200 or 400 mg I-1). The most effective time of thinning was 20 d AFB, when increasing concentration also increased thinning. Further advantages of this successful thinning were reflected in better fruit size and weight. At 30 d AFB high concentrations of BA depressed fruit weight. Return bloom was improved significantly by both 20 and 30 d. AFB sprays with a concentration effect at 20 d AFB. Timing of sprays had no effect on the incidence of russet which was increased only by applications of 400 mg l-1. Both the higher concentrations and later timings resulted in an increase in shoot numbers and total growth. Reduction in mean shoot length was related more to the concentration of BA used than to differences in the timing of sprays. BA has shown potential as a thinner for red ‘Fuji’ apple at 20 d AFB. 相似文献
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M. Kittikorn N. Shiraishi K. Okawa H. Ohara M. Yokoyama O. Ifuku S. Yoshida S. Kondo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The relationship between 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid (KODA), GAs and jasmonic acid (JA) and flower bud formation influenced by fruit load in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) was investigated. The endogenous KODA and JA concentrations in apical buds in plants subjected to flower thinning treatment (FTT), under which all flowers were removed were higher than those in plants subjected to heavy crop treatment (HCT), under which the number of leaves per fruit was adjusted to 20 from 60 to 120 days after full bloom (DAFB). In contrast, the gibberellic acid concentrations [total of gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4)] in FTT plants were low compared with those in HCT plants. The result suggests that KODA and JA in contrast to GAs may have opposite effects on flower bud formation which is significantly influenced by fruit load in apples and that KODA and JA may also be associated with flower bud formation in apples. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of foliar spray of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and their combination on the fruit red skin color and quality attributes of ‘Red Delicious’ apple under conditions of south central Iran with warm and dry summer, where low and high temperature differences are low. The trees were sprayed five times using 5 g L–1 calcium chloride (CaCl2) at 3-week intervals starting from 3 weeks after full bloom and three times (at 9, 12, and 15 weeks after full bloom) using 2.5 g L–1 K sources [potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and potassium nitrate (KNO3)] during two growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. Anthocyanin, some physicochemical attributes, and fruit mineral concentrations were measured at harvest. Results showed that spraying with K, CaCl2, and their combinations significantly increased fruit weight, sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, firmness, and K uptake. A combined foliar application of CaCl2 and each of the K sources was more effective on the improvement of fruit color, firmness, fruit K and Ca uptake, and K/Ca ratio as compared to the case when either K or Ca was applied alone. 相似文献
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R. K. Volz I. B. Ferguson E. W. Hewett D. J. Woolley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):385-395
SummaryThe influence of wood age, fruiting position and leaf area within the tree canopy on fruit mineral content and quality for several apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars was investigated. Size and Ca, Mg and K content of individual fruit on one-year (lateral and terminal positions), two-year and older than three-year wood were compared for cvs Royal Gala, Braeburn, Granny Smith and Fuji. Fruit on two-year spurs and one-year terminals was generally larger at commercial harvest than that on one-year laterals and spurs older than three years. Flower receptacles at full bloom were larger and fruit growth rates were greater from 60 to 100 d after full bloom on two-year spurs than on one-year laterals. Fruit Ca and Mg concentrations and contents at commercial harvest were highest for terminal fruit, but there was no consistent difference between fruit from other positions. One-year terminals had the greatest primary and bourse leaf areas, two-year spurs were intermediate and one-year laterals had the lowest areas of both leaf types. Removal of 50% of primary leaves and/or removal of bourse shoots from clusters at bloom reduced fruit Ca content at commercial harvest for two-year spurs, one-year laterals and one-year terminals. Bourse shoot removal also reduced Mg content for all positions. However there was no effect of leaf removal on fruit size or K content. Ca content of individual fruit increased curvilinearly with increasing total spur leaf area for fruit on two-year spurs and one-year terminals but not for fruit on one-year lateral clusters. Terminal fruit with total spur leaf areas and fruit size similar to those on two-year spur fruit had higher Ca content. 相似文献
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R. K. Volz I. B. Ferguson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):452-457
SummaryFruit mineral concentrations measured at harvest can have major effects on apple fruit quality on the tree or during storage. Orchard practices must therefore seek to optimize fruit mineral composition. The purpose of this study was to describe and elucidate the effects of hand thinning on whole trees and individual spurs on apple fruit mineral composition. Two methods of flower and fruitlet thinning were compared with no thinning on `Braeburn' and `Fiesta' apple trees. Alternate whole flower/fruitlet clusters or all but one flower/fruitlet within every cluster were removed at full bloom or 14±21 d after full bloom. Alternate-cluster thinning reduced final fruit numbers per tree and fruit Ca concentrations by up to 22%, while increasing final fruit size by up to 21%, compared with no thinning. These effects on fruit Ca concentrations were also measured across a range of fruit size classes. Within-cluster thinning at full bloom or up to 21 d after full bloom also reduced fruit numbers per tree but increased fruit size substantially, by up to 65% compared with no thinning, this effect being less for later thinning. However, fruit mineral concentrations were not influenced by this treatment. Some fruiting spurs were singled to one fruit 14 d after full bloom on alternately flower cluster thinned trees and on trees that had not been thinned at bloom, and compared with unthinned spurs on the same trees. Fruit Ca concentrations, primary spur leaf areas and primary spur leaf areas per fruit were greater for spurs bearing a single fruit (achieved by thinning manually or through natural abscission) than for multi-fruited spurs on the same trees. Spurs bearing one fruit on unthinned trees had greater fruit Ca concentrations, primary spur leaf areas and primary spur leaf areas per fruit, but lower fruit weight than the same spurs on alternate-cluster thinned trees. However, spurs on unthinned and alternate-cluster thinned trees with the same primary leaf areas per fruit had similar final Ca concentrations. Fruit size and crop loads were found not to be important in explaining fruit Ca concentration differences between thinning methods. However our results suggest that thinning method may affect Ca accumulation in apple fruit by altering the relationship between fruit numbers and leaf areas on individual spurs. 相似文献