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1.
Animal performance and health status are adversely affected by long-term cyanide ingestion; however, the effects of cyanide ingestion by pigs have not been fully determined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to different doses of potassium cyanide (KCN) in growing-finishing swine. Twenty-four pigs, 45 days of age, were divided into four equal groups and treated with different doses of KCN: 0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 mg per kg body weight per day for 70 consecutive days. The results showed a significant alteration in thiocyanate, creatinine and urea levels and in alanine aminotransferase activity of swine dosed with 4.0 and 6.0 mg/kg/KCN. Thyroid weight was significantly increased in those pigs from 4.0 mg/kg KCN group, but no change in cholesterol, triiodothyronine or thyroline levels were observed. Body and carcase weights, body weight gain, and bacon thickness were not affected by KCN treatment. The histopathological study revealed increased numbers of vacuoles in the colloid of thyroid follicles, degeneration of cerebellar white matter and Purkinje cells, degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells, caryolysis and pyknosis in hepatocytes, and disturbance of the normal lobular architecture of the liver in all treated pigs. Thus, long-term administration of KCN to swine affects several tissues and could adversely affect animal production.  相似文献   

2.
Acute tannic acid intoxication was studied in mice and sheep. In mice, following oral administration of 2.0 to 4.6 g of tannic acid kg-1 bodyweight, periacinar coagulative and haemorrhagic necrosis occurred in the liver. In sheep, following oral (8 g kg-1 bodyweight) administration of tannic acid, liver necrosis was not observed either histologically or detected biochemically, although transmission electron microscopy showed focal hepatocellular necrosis, steatosis and acicular crystal cleft formation. In sheep given tannic acid intraperitoneally (0.1 g kg-1 bodyweight), liver necrosis occurred and plasma sodium and glucose levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while packed cell volume and plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and bilirubin significantly (P < 0.01) rose. The results for blood-gas and acid-base determinations, blood haemoglobin and oxygenation showed significant increases in arterial blood methaemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05) and decreases in blood pH (P < 0.01) and oxyhaemoglobin concentration (P < 0.05) in sheep by 32 hours after oral dosing with 8 g of tannic acid kg-1 bodyweight. In sheep given tannic acid intraperitoneally, methaemoglobinaemia was not detected, but metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis occurred. Thus, it would appear that although tannic acid is hepatotoxic when given orally to mice or intraperitoneally to sheep, it does not produce renal or significant hepatic injury in sheep when given orally, but rather causes metabolic acidosis and methaemoglobinaemia.  相似文献   

3.
The recently recognized potential of sodium chlorate as a possible preharvest food safety tool for pathogen reduction in meat animals has spurred interest in the pharmacokinetics of intraruminally dosed chlorate. Six Loala cattle were assigned (one heifer and one steer per treatment) to one of three intraruminal doses of radiolabeled sodium [36Cl]chlorate (21, 42, or 63 mg/kg body weight) administered in four equal aliquots over a 24-h period. Blood and serum were collected (29 samples in 48 h). Total radioactive residues were measured and the radioactive moieties were speciated. Chlorate appeared rapidly in blood and serum after dosing. For animals administered a dose of 42 or 63 mg/kg, the half-life of absorption was estimated at 0.6-0.9 h. Serum chlorate concentrations progressively increased with aliquot administration until peaking at 6-21 parts per million at 26 h. Between aliquot administrations, serum chlorate levels typically peaked in 3.5 h or less. The half-life of chlorate elimination ranged between 6.9 and 11 h, depending on the dose. Ultimately, absorption of chlorate removes it from its desired site of action, the lower gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing its efficacy. Further research is needed to develop a chlorate formulation that will allow passage to the lower gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

4.
Seven goats were given a single dose of an aqueous extract derived from 30 g (wet weight) of Narthecium ossifragum per kg liveweight. Their serum creatinine and urea concentrations increased to day 5 but then fell to normal by day 10. Serum magnesium increased to day 4 and decreased to normal by day 9. Their serum calcium concentration was lower than normal on days 4, 5 and 6. Histopathological examination of the kidneys of goats killed or found dead 2, 4, 6, 8, 11 or 16 days after dosing revealed tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis. Regeneration of the tubular epithelium and signs of interstitial fibroplast proliferation and fibrosis could be seen in animals killed on days 8, 11, 16 and 42. No signs of liver damage were observed in 3 goats dosed with the insoluble plant material from 40 g (wet weight) Narthecium ossifragum per kg liveweight. The total dose was divided into three doses, which were given intraruminally within 7 h. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase, -glutamyl-transferase and glutamate dehydrogenase remained within the normal range in all 10 goats after dosing.  相似文献   

5.
Pigs infected with Hyostrongylus rubidus at the rate of 550 larvae kg-1 body weight followed 15 days later with 220 larvae kg-1 body weight gained less weight (P less than 0.010) than uninfected control pigs. Feed efficiency (feed/gain) was 8% better (P greater than 0.10) in control than in infected pigs. Peak H. rubidus eggs per gram counts (EPG) occurred 22 days after each infection of pigs. H. rubidus EPG at necropsy were correlated with total number of adults recovered and with female/male ratio. High EPG were associated with H. rubidus populations composed of approximately equal numbers of males and females. Digestion trials consisted of pigs infected with 335 larvae kg-1 body weight compared to uninfected controls. Control pigs had higher (P less than 0.05) crude protein digestion coefficients, excreted less (P less than 0.05) N in feces and had a higher (P less than 0.05) N balance than infected pigs.  相似文献   

6.
Five- to six-week-old crossbred pigs weighing 5 to 14 kg were given purified cyclopiazonic acid at dosages of 10, 1.0, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. Clinical signs observed by day 7 in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were weakness, inactivity, anorexia, rough hair coats, and reduced body weights. These pigs also developed diarrhea during week 2 of the experiment. The pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had rough hair coats and were moderately inactive during the second week of the experiment. At necropsy, lesions were observed only in pigs given 10 and 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. Lesions were gastric ulcers, mucosal hyperemia, and hemorrhage throughout the small and large intestine in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid. The pigs also had yellow, fibrononecrotic material in the lumen of the small intestine and pale livers. One pig given 1.0 mg/kg body weight had gastric ulceration. Microscopic lesions in pigs given 10 mg/kg body weight were necrotizing gastroenteritis, focal hepatocellular necrosis, hepatic peripheral lobular fatty change, and focal renal tubular nephrosis with focal suppurative tubulointerstitial nephritis. Pigs given 1.0 mg/kg body weight of cyclopiazonic acid had necrotizing gastritis and villous blunting in the jejunum and ileum.  相似文献   

7.
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in treatment of several cancers. It is documented as a major cause of clinical nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced liver and kidney injury. Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 (control) was intraperitoneally (IP) injected with a single dose of 0.85% normal saline. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were IP injected with single doses of cisplatin at 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively. At 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after injection, BW, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and histology of the liver and kidney were evaluated. Cisplatin caused a reduction in BW of rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 at all post injection intervals. The levels of serum ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine and MDA of the kidney and liver were markedly increased especially at 48 and 72 h, whereas the activity of SOD was decreased after cisplatin injection. Liver sections revealed moderate to severe congestion with dilation of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct and disorganization of hepatic cords at 50 mg/kg of cisplatin. Kidney sections illustrated mild to moderate tubular necrosis at 25 and 50 mg/kg of cisplatin. Therefore, oxidative stress was implicated in the pathogenesis of liver and kidney injury causing biochemical and histological alterations.  相似文献   

8.
Sodium selenite (encapsulated as doses of 1.4 mg, 2.6 mg and 4.2 mg per kilogram of body weight) was given orally on a daily basis to male weaner pigs, and features of these animals were compared to a control group. Porcine focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia was produced in all experimental groups between 3 and 20 days after initiation of the treatment. Analysis of blood and several tissues revealed an elevated selenium content for all pigs. Histological lesions in the brain and the cervical lumbar/sacral spinal cord enlargements included endothelial proliferation, neuronal degeneration, microcavitation and glial cell reaction.  相似文献   

9.
The disposition and adverse effects of the anti-trypanosomal drug isometamidium in pigs were evaluated. Following intramuscular administration of the drug at doses of 0.5, 15 and 35 mg kg-1, the drug was rapidly absorbed within 15 to 30 minutes to reach maximum plasma concentrations of 12 to 477 (n = 6), 302 to 655 (n = 4) and 1620 (n = 1) ng ml-1, respectively. No drug was detectable in plasma (less than 5 ng ml-1) 24 hours after drug administration at the three doses used. The half-lives of disappearance of the drug from plasma during the terminal phase were 7.12 h for the pigs given a dose of 15 mg kg-1, and 7.20 h for the pig which received a dose of 35 mg kg-1. At all the intramuscular injection sites, high drug concentrations were found six weeks after administration. The most dramatic adverse reactions observed were: one death after intramuscular administration at a dose of 35 mg kg-1 to two animals, and two deaths after intravenous administration at a dose of 2 mg kg-1 to two animals. For all these cases, the immediate cause of death was acute cardiovascular collapse. Biochemical analyses and gross and histological examinations showed that the animals that tolerated the high doses of 15 and 35 mg kg-1 given intramuscularly had extensive and severe tissue damage at the injection sites. Significant increases in plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase following drug administration suggested a degree of hepatobiliary damage.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine (CsA) have an adverse effect on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells of pigs. ANIMALS: 8 juvenile 8-week-old Landrace X Large White crossbred pigs. PROCEDURE: CsA (100 to 140 mg/kg) was administered orally to euglycemic pigs to reach whole blood trough concentrations of approximately 1500 ng/mL. To determine pancreatic beta cell function, plasma C-peptide and insulin concentrations were measured in response to i.v. administration of glucose, glucagon, arginine, and oral administration of glucose. Effects on liver and kidney were determined by monitoring serum measurements of liver function and serum creatinine concentrations, respectively. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of C-peptide were significantly lower in euglycemic CsA-treated pigs, compared with control pigs, following i.v. administration of glucose, glucagon, arginine, and oral administration of glucose. Furthermore, the glucose clearance rate was decreased in euglycemic CsA-treated pigs, compared with control pigs. Serum creatinine concentrations and 4 of 7 serum measurements of liver function were not adversely affected by CsA administration. Serum concentrations of bilirubin and albumin were significantly increased, and serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly decreased in CsA-treated pigs, compared with control pigs. Histologic evaluation of liver and kidney sections revealed no pathologic findings in CsA-treated or control pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In our study, immunosuppressive doses of CsA caused an impairment of porcine pancreatic beta cell function, but did not have toxic effects on the kidney. However, on the basis of changes in serum bilirubin and albumin concentrations and alanine aminotransferase activity, subclinical toxic effects on the liver did occur when immunosuppressive doses of CsA were administered.  相似文献   

11.
The antidotal efficacy of aqueous garlic extract, methylene blue, and velenium (Vitamin E + sodium selenite) was compared against experimental nitrate intoxication in rabbits. Forty-two, albino rabbits of identical age, gender, and body weight were randomly divided into 7 groups (A to G) and subjected to experimental treatments for a period of 40 days. Rabbits of group A were offered only normal feed and served as negative control, while, rabbits of group B constituted the positive control group and received feed supplemented with sodium nitrate at 400 mg/kg body weight. Sodium nitrate-containing feed and intraperitoneal injection of 1% methylene blue solution at 2 mg/kg body weight were administered to group C. Rabbits of group D were given sodium nitrate-supplemented feed and aqueous garlic extract at 500 mg/kg body weight through oral route. Group E was treated with sodium nitrate-added feed, intraperitoneal injection of 1% methylene blue solution at 2 mg/kg body weight, and oral administration of garlic extract at 500 mg/kg. Velenium (25 mg of Vitamin E + 2.2 mg of sodium selenite per ml) was intraperitoneally injected at 1 ml/kg body weight to rabbits of group F along with the provision of sodium nitrate-supplemented feed. In addition to being fed with sodium nitrate-containing feed, group G obtained intraperitoneal injection of velenium at 1 ml/kg body weight and oral administration of garlic extract at 500 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of antidotes was assessed on the basis of changes in blood nitrite level, biochemical profile, and gross pathological lesions manifested by the treated rabbits. The combination of methylene blue and garlic extract was highly effective in treating nitrate toxicity followed by methylene blue, garlic extract, and velenium, respectively. Whereas, the concurrent administration of garlic extract and velenium was least efficacious in terms of antidotal efficacy. In conclusion, aqueous garlic extract can be effectively used either alone or in combination with methylene blue when treating rabbits diagnosed with nitrate toxicity.  相似文献   

12.
The nephrotoxicity of diphenylamine, the parent compound of the mefenamate family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, was evaluated in male Syrian hamsters, male Sprague-Dawley rats, and male Mongolian gerbils. Total renal papillary necrosis was observed in four of ten, seven of ten, and six of ten male Syrian hamsters orally treated with diphenylamine at respective doses of 400 mg/kg body weight/day, 600 mg/kg body weight/day, and 800 mg/kg body weight/day. Total renal papillary necrosis was also observed in five of ten and four of ten male Syrian hamsters intraperitoneally treated with diphenylamine at respective doses of 600 mg/kg body weight/day and 800 mg/kg body weight/day. Focal intermediate renal papillary necrosis was induced in two hamsters orally given diphenylamine at 600 mg/kg body weight/day and in two of ten hamsters intraperitoneally given diphenylamine at 800 mg/kg body weight/day. Apex-limited necrosis of the medullary interstitial cells and vasa recta and degeneration of the renal interstitial matrix occurred in two Sprague-Dawley rats orally administered diphenylamine at 800 mg/kg body weight/day. Degeneration and necrosis of the pars recta was induced in seven of ten hamsters intraperitoneally given diphenylamine at 400 mg/kg body weight/day. Gross and microscopic renal lesions were not observed in any Mongolian gerbils. It was concluded that the Syrian hamster is more susceptible to the papillotoxic effects of diphenylamine than the Sprague-Dawley rat and the Mongolian gerbil. Renal papillary necrosis in the Syrian hamster treated orally with diphenylamine is reproducible, is of short onset, and is induced in a high proportion of the hamsters (70-90%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Two gopher snakes (Pitophis melanoleucus catenifer) each were given 5 mg/kg body weight gentamicin every 72 hours (group 1); two snakes each were given 5 mg/kg/day (group 2). Doses for both groups were given over a 2-week period. After the second week, the dose for one snake in each group was increased to 50 mg/kg/day for 2 more weeks and then discontinued. Weekly renal biopsies taken from snakes in group 1 showed no abnormalities by light microscopy during and at the completion of the experiment. Snakes in group 2 had cloudy swelling of the proximal tubules at 2 and 4 weeks after the gentamicin was administered. Snakes given the high dose of gentamicin had hydropic degeneration of the proximal tubules 2 weeks after the dose was raised to 50 mg/kg/day. This progressed to tubular necrosis 1 week after the gentamicin was discontinued. These snakes (high dose) also developed visceral gout, apparently as the result of the extensive tubular necrosis. Tophi were in the pericardium, serosal membranes and parenchyma of the kidneys, liver, spleen and lungs.  相似文献   

14.
Two doses of Streptozotocin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) were administered to two groups of pregnant gilts at d 80 of gestation to determine the influence of two levels of maternal diabetes on the gilts, their developing progenies and the body composition of the pigs. All the experimental animals received 1.82 kg of gestation diet/day throughout gestation. Serum glucose concentration increased to hyperglycemic levels in low-dose and high-dose groups; insulin concentrations decreased (P less than .01) in the high-dose, but not in the low-dose group (P greater than .05). Maternal free fatty acids (FFA) increased (P less than .05) in both treatment groups when compared with the control. However, birth weight of the litter and litter size were not affected. The liver weight increased (P less than .01) in the progeny of high-dose but not the low-dose group. Total liver DNA and RNA were not altered by the treatments, however; total liver protein and protein:DNA ratio increased (P less than .01) in the progeny of high-dose gilts. Pigs from high-dose and low-dose groups showed increases (P less than .01) in liver glycogen concentrations and percentage liver lipid. Body chemical composition data showed increases in percentage dry matter and percentage lipid (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) in the progeny of high-dose but not in the low-dose group. It was concluded that streptozotocin administered to gestating gilts increased the maternal nutrient supply to the developing pigs, which resulted in higher energy status of the pigs at birth.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of intramuscular administration of multiple doses of cimetidine and ranitidine on basal gastric pH, free and total acid content from young adult pigs were studied. Cimetidine (4.5 mg kg-1, four times a day, intramuscularly, for three days) significantly (P less than 0.05) raised the basal gastric pH above 3.5 with a simultaneous reduction in free acid content at two, three and 26 hours after the administration of the eighth dose. Ranitidine (0.75 mg kg-1, four times a day, intramuscularly, for three days) significantly (P less than 0.05) raised the basal gastric pH above 3.5 with a concomitant reduction in free acid content at three and 38 hours after the administration of the eight dose. Neither cimetidine nor ranitidine had any significant effects on total acid content. These results confirm that the pig is a basal acid secretor and that the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cimetidine and ranitidine in pigs might be different from those in humans.  相似文献   

16.
本研究旨在探讨中草药复方添加剂对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和血液指标的影响。选择130日龄左右、平均体重为（56.21±1.76） kg的健康育肥期杜×大×长三元杂交猪192头,按体重相近、公母比例相同原则,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复12头,4组中日粮中复方中草药的添加水平分别为0（对照组）、650、1 000和1 500 mg/kg。试验期37 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期30 d。测定育肥猪试验期间生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血液生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标。结果表明：①与对照组相比,650 mg/kg复方中草药组可在一定程度上提高育肥猪平均日增重,并降低料重比;②日粮中添加650、1 500 mg/kg复方中草药后,粗蛋白质（CP）表观消化率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,各组间中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）表观消化率均无显著差异（P>0.05）;③日粮中添加650 mg/kg复方中草药显著提高了育肥猪血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性（P<0.05）,同时显著降低了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平、丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）;④日粮中添加复方中草药对机体免疫指标无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上,日粮中添加650 mg/kg复方中草药对育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率具有一定的积极作用,可改善育肥猪血液生化指标,降低血清中MDA含量,提高GSH-Px活性。  相似文献   

17.
For eight generations, mouse lines were selected for smaller or larger reduction in postweaning gain from endophyte-infected fescue seed in the diet. After five generations in which there was no further selection for divergence in response to fescue toxicosis, the current experiment was conducted to determine whether resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines differed in response to the mycotoxin sporidesmin (SPD). At approximately 8 wk of age, R and S mice that had never consumed endophyte-infected fescue seed were randomly assigned (five to seven per line x sex x SPD dose subclass) to receive dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) carrier or 10, 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg SPD by oral gavage. At death or euthanasia 14 d after treatment, livers and kidneys were collected for histological examination. Mice receiving 40 mg/kg SPD died sooner than mice receiving 30 mg/kg (63 vs 134 h; P = .02), but there was no line or line x dose interaction effect for time to death. Within those mice, neither line, dose, nor their interaction influenced liver weight or liver weight as a proportion of body weight. The R mice were more resistant to SPD than S mice; LD50 values were 23.6 and 31.8 mg/kg for the S and R lines, respectively (P < .05). Sporidesmin caused dose-related liver and kidney lesions in both lines. Selection lines did not differ significantly in the incidence of infarcts of hepatic lobules. However, at 30 and 40 mg/kg SPD doses, severity of this lesion was higher in affected S than in affected R mice. At the higher SPD doses, there also was a greater incidence of hepatic subacute cholangitis in S mice than in R mice. Foci of acute tubular necrosis were found in kidneys of mice receiving 20, 30, or 40 mg/kg SPD, with no protection against these lesions in the R line. Foci of tubular basophilia (indicative of tubular regeneration) were present in all line x dose subgroups, but incidence was not SPD dose-dependent in either line. In summary, divergent selection for weight gain response to ingestion of endophyte-infected fescue seed resulted in a favorable correlated response in survival following exposure to a chemically distinct toxin. It may be possible therefore, to select livestock populations for simultaneous resistance to a variety of toxins.  相似文献   

18.
The objective was to evaluate the effects of perinatal dexamethasone (Dex) treatment on postnatal growth in pigs. Experiment 1: 42 piglets were assigned according to birth weight and sex to receive either Dex (1 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline (Control; equivalent volume) i.m. within 1h of birth. Body weights were recorded weekly and at sacrifice (day 18). Birth weights (1.43 +/- 0.05 kg) did not differ between treatment groups (P > 0.19). At day 18, Dex pigs were heavier than Control pigs (5.46 +/- 0.24 and 4.45 +/- 0.26 kg, respectively). Serum IGF-1 was 17.3% higher in Dex pigs (P < 0.04) compared to Controls. For serum GH, there was a treatment x sex interaction (P < 0.04) with GH being 51% lower in Dex males compared to Control males, and no differences in females. Experiment 2: 71 pigs were assigned according to birth weight and sex to receive either Dex (2 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline (Control; equivalent volume) i.m. within 1 h of birth. Body weights were recorded weekly until weaning (day 21) and then every 14th day until market weight. Birth weights (1.53 +/- 0.03 kg) did not differ (P > 0.35) between treatment groups or sexes. Dexamethasone increased growth from birth to market weight by 4.15%. Carcass weights were not different (P > 0.34) between Dex (89.9 +/- 1.17 kg) and Control pigs (88.6 +/- 1.36 kg). Overall, Dex enhanced growth in pigs from birth to market weight with minimal effects on carcass and meat quality.  相似文献   

19.
The individual and combined effects of feeding fumonisin B1 (FB1; 0, 100, 200 mg FB1/kg) and moniliformin (M; 0, 100, 200 mg M/kg) were evaluated using a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Significant mortality (P < 0.05) occurred in chicks fed all diets containing 200 mg M/kg (50%-65%). Compared with controls and chicks fed FB1, both feed intake and body weight gain were decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks fed diets containing 100 mg M/kg. Chicks fed M had heavier heart weights (P < 0.05) than control chicks or chicks fed FB1. Compared with controls, chicks fed diets containing 200 mg M/kg or a combination of 200 mg FB1/kg and 100 mg M/kg had increased kidney and liver weights (P < 0.05). Significant FB1 by M interactions (P < 0.05) were observed for serum total protein and aspartate aminotransferase. Mild to moderate periportal extramedullary hematopoiesis and mild focal hepatic necrosis were observed in chicks fed FB1 alone. An increased incidence of large pleomorphic cardiomyocyte nuclei, loss of cardiomyocytes, and mild focal renal tubular mineralization were observed in chicks fed M alone. Both cardiac and renal lesions were observed in chicks fed combinations of FB1 and M. Data indicate FB1 and M, alone or in combination, can adversely affect chick performance and health at these dietary concentrations. The interactive effects of FB1 and M were not synergistic and were less than additive in nature. At the dietary concentrations studied, M is much more toxic to broilers than FB1.  相似文献   

20.
1. Toxic effects of two concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) of ochratoxin A (OTA) and attenuating effects of a toxin deactivator (Mycofix Plus(MTV INSIDE)) containing the yeast Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans on the performance (feed conversion ratio; body weight gain), serum enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aspartate aminotransferase) and clinico-pathomorphology of internal organs were studied in 270 one-day-old broiler chicks divided into 9 groups over a 42-d period. 2. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) in groups fed toxin deactivator were improved compared with groups receiving OTA only. An increase in the relative weight of kidney and liver was observed in groups fed 0.5 and 1 mg/kg OTA on day 42 of the experiment as compared with the control group. In contrast, relative weights of bursa of Fabricius and spleen were not significantly affected in experimental groups exposed to OTA as compared to control groups determined on days 28 and 42 of age. 3. Serum enzymes (LDH, GGT and AST) values in OTA treated groups determined on days 28 and 42 were higher than those of the control group. 4. Histopathological examination of kidney on day 42 revealed degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules and massive necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. These changes were less marked in birds receiving 0.5 mg/kg OTA than in those receiving 1 mg/kg. In general, histological changes in kidneys, liver, bursa and spleen were less pronounced in birds receiving OTA and toxin deactivator concomitantly. 5. Dietary OTA at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg adversely affects FCR, increases the serum liver enzymes and induces pronounced pathomorphological and histological changes in internal organs of broiler chicks. Co-administration of OTA with deactivator attenuated the harmful effects.  相似文献   

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