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陆地棉与海岛棉种间杂种产量品质优势的研究 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
本研究探讨陆地棉与海岛棉种间杂种在长江中游棉区的杂种优势表现。试验涉及１０个陆地棉亲本和１０个海岛棉亲本及其３３个杂种，分别于１９８９年（１６个杂种）、１９９１年（９个杂种）和１９９２年（８个杂种）进行。陆地棉种问杂种的产量、铃数、子指、株高和纤维品质的中亲优势十分明显，与双亲平均值比较，皮棉产量平均高出８３．８％，成铃数增加３９．９％。但与陆地棉对照品种比较；种间杂种产量严重降低，平均下降３２．８％。陆海杂种结铃性强，成铃数比对照高出８６．１％，但许多青铃在后期不能正常成熟。采用早熟陆地棉与适应性较好的海岛棉杂交，产量下降幅度小，在秋季雨水少、降温迟的年份甚至出现增产的少数组合。大多数种间杂种纤维长度＞３４ｍｍ，比强度＞２５ｇ／ｔｅｘ，麦克隆值＜３．７，中亲优势均超过１０％，大多数杂种竞争优势超过１５％，甚至优于海岛棉，表现超显性遗传，而纤维整齐度降低幅度很小（－１．２％）。 相似文献
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杂交水稻产量及农艺性状杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨杂种优势与双亲值、双亲一般配合力（GCA）、组合特殊配合力（SCA）、双亲遗传距离的关系,利用10个不育系和10个恢复系,按不完全双列杂交配制100个组合,对杂交水稻产量及农艺性状的杂种优势进行了分析,探索杂种优势的预测方法。结果表明：杂种一代的超亲优势和对照优势主要体现在穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数几个性状上,其具有正向超亲优势组合的比例分别达到61.0%、66.0%和53.0%,具有正向对照优势的比例分别为62.0%、78.0%和79.0%,结实率性状具有正向对照优势的比例也达到58.0%。杂种优势与父母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值、低亲值及父母本差值都有较为密切的关系,超亲优势与高亲值在8个性状上都极显著相关;对照优势与母本值、父母本平均值、高亲值都呈显著或极显著正相关。杂种优势与SCA和亲本的GCA效应值密切相关,特别是对照优势与SCA和双亲的GCA都呈显著或极显著正相关,同时与父母本的GCA之差和之和都有较大的关系。杂种优势与遗传距离的关系比较复杂,当遗传距离在5~5.5范围内,双亲的距离越远,杂种优势越强。 相似文献
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标记型柱头外露种质系与陆地棉亲本间杂种优势与配合力分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计,对５份标记型柱头外露种质系和３份陆地棉亲本交配后,杂种Ｆ１的１１个性状的杂种优势和配合力进行了分析。结果表明,主要产量性状霜前皮棉产量,超高优势的幅度为－２８．８８％～１３．１７％,平均为－３．０６％,６个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的幅度为１８．１４％～８０．１２％,平均为５３．０８％,１５个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的幅度为－１５．３２％～４６．４３％,平均为１１．２７％,１０个组合具有正向的竞争优势。其它产量性状中单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。纤维品质性状,２．５％跨长和比强度的优势明显,麦克隆值的负向优势明显。高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与Ｆ１平均值的相关关系表明,多数产量性状Ｆ１代平均值与高亲值相关性密切,因此在组合筛选时应注意对常规亲本的选择。配合力上,ＧＣＡ效应显著的性状,中棉所１９和石３２１分别在产量、品质性状方面表现较优,９６－１、９６－６７、９６－３３等３份标记型柱头外露种质系表现较优;ＳＣＡ效应显著的８个性状中,Ａ１Ｂ２８个性状的ＳＣＡ效应值均为正,Ａ２Ｂ２和Ａ４Ｂ１均有７个性状的ＳＣＡ效应为正。文中对标记型柱头外露种质及亲本选配等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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采用8×5NCⅡ交配设计,对13份转基因特色亲本组配杂交,分析了杂种F1的7个性状的杂种优势和配合力。结果表明,主要产量性状子棉产量,超亲优势的平均值为-6.14%,18个组合具正向的杂种优势;中亲优势的平均值为24.07%,29个组合均具有正向的中亲优势;竞争优势的平均值为-29%,1个组合出现正向竞争优势。单株铃数的杂种优势最为明显。高亲值、中亲值和低亲值与F1平均值的相关关系表明,子棉产量、皮棉产量和单株铃数与高亲值、中亲值和低亲值的相关性不显著,衣分、铃重与高亲值、中亲值的相关性极显著,子指、果枝节位与低亲值、中亲值的相关性极显著。经配合力分析,A4、A7、A8、B1、B5等亲本的GCA较好;SCA效应显著的6个性状中,A8×B3、A4×B4组合的SCA效应均为正值。 相似文献
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《种子》2021,(7)
杂种优势利用是提高作物产量和品质的一种重要育种方法,明确生态条件和打顶措施对杂种优势的影响,对提高烟草杂种优势研究利用效率有重要意义。本试验以烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势相差较大的3个杂交组合及其亲本为材料,选择生态条件差异较大的3个生态试验点,研究了不同生态环境和打顶措施对烟叶烟碱含量、烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势及其相关基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明,不同生态环境间的烟叶烟碱含量差异显著,烟株打顶前后烟叶烟碱含量发生了显著的变化,打顶处理的烟叶烟碱含量显著高于不打顶处理;不同生态环境、打顶和不打顶处理间的烟叶烟碱含量的中亲优势值差异不显著,而超亲优势值、超标优势值差异显著;不同生态环境、打顶和不打顶处理间,烟叶烟碱含量杂种优势相关的PMT、AO、QS基因的中亲优势表达量相差也不显著,与处理间中亲优势值的表现差异一致。结果表明,在选用中亲优势作为度量指标进行杂种优势的遗传研究中,可不考虑生态环境和打顶的影响,在一个试验点对双亲及F_1采用相同的农艺措施就能获得较为准确的鉴定结果;而在选用超亲优势、超标优势作为度量指标进行杂交种应用潜力评价中,需在不同生态环境、不同农艺措施下进行鉴定。 相似文献
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显性无腺体与隐性无腺体陆地棉品种间杂种二代利用研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
利用４个隐性低酚棉品系为母本，５个显性无腺体品系为父本，按不完全双列杂交（ＮＣⅡ）设计配制２０个组合，利用亲本、Ｆ１和Ｆ２材料采用ＡＤＡＡ模型研究表明，衣分以加性效应为主，其余产量及产量构成因素以显性遗传效应为主。子棉产量和铃重有较低的上位遗传效应。纤维品质性状中，绒长与整齐度以显性遗传效应为主，绒长还存在少量上位效应；比强度与伸长率仅存在显著的加性遗传效应，麦克隆值以加性遗传效应为主。Ｆ１皮棉产量、第一次收花率、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的群体超亲优势平均值分别为：２７．９％、１８．７％、１６．２％、９．７％和１％，Ｆ２分别为：１０．８％、５．１％、４．５％、４．６％和－１．２％。Ｆ１绒长的群体平均优势为２．５％，比强度和伸长率为－１．８和０．８％，麦克隆值和整齐度分别为－０．２％和－２．７％。Ｆ２绒长略呈下降趋势，比强度、伸长率和麦克隆值Ｆ２与Ｆ１相近，整齐度Ｆ２略优于Ｆ１。表明了显性无腺体基因的杂种优势利用前景广阔。 相似文献
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杂交水稻根系生长与呼吸强度的研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
本文报道了对4个杂交组合稻株的根系形态、根重量和体积、根蛋白质含量和呼吸强度所做的研究。结果表明,4个组合的根系生长量(根系重量和体积),杂种均具有超亲优势;抽穗—灌浆期根蛋白质含量和呼吸强度出现一个峰值;杂种根系在长度、直径、侧根及表层根发生上兼有双亲特征;杂种根呼吸强度不具有超亲优势。 相似文献
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低温对杂交一代黄瓜幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
对四个黄瓜亲本及其杂交一代（Ｆ１）的生理特性试验研究表明，Ｆ１的相对电导值与双亲的相对电导值呈正相关关系。ＭＤＡ含量在低温处理４８ｈ后上升，７２ｈ后下降，较耐低温亲本的Ｆ１的ＭＤＡ含量低于双亲平均值，不耐低温亲本的Ｆ１的ＭＤＡ含量高于双亲的平均值。２低温处理７２ｈ后ＣＡＴ酶活性下降。ＰＯＤ酶活性上升；ＰＯＤ酶同工酶分析表明，低温处理后酶带数增加，耐低温的Ｆ１酶带增加较多。 相似文献
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陆地棉品种与陆地棉族系种质系间杂种优势及其组成分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计,选用３个陆地棉常规品种和５个陆地棉族系种质系材料杂交,杂种Ｆ１代产量和纤维品质优势表现明显。通径分析结果表明,提高铃重,单株铃数的中亲优势,适当降低单铃种子数和株高的优势。在其它性状适宜的情况下,可以显著地提高皮棉产量的中亲优势。各个优势组合在产量优势来源上有差异。种质系材料在杂种优势利用上具有很大潜力。 相似文献
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Li Tengyu Xu Chao Li Yaoming Gou Chengfei Hong Zhu Ding Mingquan Sun Chendong 《棉花学报》2013,32(4):348-359
[Objective] The aim of this study is to study the hereditary of heterosis of fiber quality and yield-related traits in the upland-island interspecific hybrids, and breed new interspecific hybrid varieties with high yield and fine fiber quality. [Method] In this study, 12 upland cotton materials and 5 sea-island cotton materials were selected to determine the fiber quality and yield traits of their parents and F1 in Lin’an, Zhejiang and Sanya, Hainan. [Result] It was found that fiber length and fiber strength of F1 (Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense) generally had significant mid-parent heterosis (MPH), some hybrid combinations showed strong over-parent heterosis (OPH), fiber length had a small coefficient of variation between the two places and could be stably inherited. And in terms of yield, seed cotton weight, lint weight, and lint percentage of some upland-island hybrids had MPH, but they were still significantly lower than those of upland cotton parents. [Conclusion] Two long-staple cotton hybrid combinations T035 and T044 with 5A grade high-quality were obtained, and an excellent material of G. barbadense Ta10-280 was screened. This study provides valuable data for the genetic law of fiber quality heterosis of upland-island hybrid cotton. 相似文献
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Summary To determine the levels of heterosis in F1 hybrids, four current pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars from southern Australia were used as female parents and crossed with 18 introduced genotypes. The 22 parents, 72 F1 hybrids and, depending on the environment, either 54 or all 72 F2 families were grown in replicated plots in four environments. Grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, plant height, onset of flowering and flowering periods were evaluated. For both the F1 and F2 generation, heterosis was determined as the superiority over the mid-parent and also over the better parent. In addition, the superiority over the best commercial cultivar was calculated. Most hybrids were higher yielding than their mid-parent but were less stable in yield across environments. Four F1 hybrids were significantly higher yielding than the best parent, by up to 26%. There were significant correlations between F1 hybrid and mid-parent value for plant height, pods per plant and hundred seed weight but not for yield. Overall, grain yield heterosis was mainly due to more pods per plant in the hybrids. The level of heterosis for yield in a poor yielding environment was higher than that in a high yielding one. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the expression of all studied traits. The average level of heterosis for grain yield and total dry matter in the F2 population was half of that in F1 hybrids. The low level of inbreeding depression from the F1 to the F2 generation suggested that epistatic gene action also contributed to the expression of grain yield. Some F2 populations maintained the high yield levels of the corresponding F1 hybrids. 相似文献
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Hailian Wang Guiling Chen Huawen Zhang Bin Liu Yanbing Yang Ling Qin Erying Chen Yanan Guan 《Euphytica》2014,195(1):117-127
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids display commercially useful levels of heterosis for lint yield. Cotton lint yield is primarily a multiplicative product of boll number and lint per boll, both of which can be further dissected into sub-components. Relationships among the yield components are complex where they further interact with the environment. To identify different yield components of hybrid cotton lint yield and their relationship with environment, three cotton varieties, DP51, STV474 and LA887 and, their respective hybrids were evaluated for lint yield components across five environments. Heterosis was observed for lint yield as well as yield components. The relationship between heterosis and mean environmental yield was negative for two hybrid combinations, whereas one hybrid showed increased heterosis from low to high yielding environments. Boll number was the major yield component contributing to lint yield. However, yield components contributing to the change in heterosis from low to high yielding environments were different for the three hybrids. The change in lint yield heterosis across environments was correlated with lint per boll and lint per seed for DP51 × STV474 and LA887 × DP51. Whereas, bolls number and boll retention were the main yield components contributing to higher lint yield heterosis of STV474 × LA887 in low yielding environments. Results also reveal effects of parental entries on lint yield as well as relationship of heterosis and environment. 相似文献
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Heterosis in yield, endotoxin expression and some physiological parameters in Bt transgenic cotton 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Although heterosis in cotton has been studied for many decades, very little is known about the performance of hybrids derived from Bt transgenic cotton parents. In order to known better the heterosis performance, yield and endotoxin expression in 20 hybrids (F1) and their Bt transgenic parents were examined from 2002 to 2003 (Experiment 1), and the dynamics of source, sink and their ratios in a well‐performing hybrid H01 were investigated in 2004 and 2005 (Experiment 2). Results in Experiment 1 showed an average mid‐parent heterosis of 21.3% and an over check heterosis of 7.6% in lint yield. Considerable heterosis was also detected in boll numbers, boll size and Bt protein content. Of the 20 hybrids, H01 (K0215 × K643) exhibited the greatest heterosis in yield and Bt protein content in 2002 and 2003, while lint yields of H01 were increased 12.6% and 9.1% in 2004, and 11.7% and 8.9% in 2005, compared with K0215 and K643 in Experiment 2, respectively. Significant heterosis for dry matter accumulation and dry matter allocation to reproductive organs and ratio of fruiting forms/total plant (w/w) were also detected in H01. Sources (leaf area, leaf area index, leaf dry weight per plant and diurnal performance of photosynthesis), sinks (number of fruiting nodes, fruiting forms and dry weight of fruiting forms per plant) and the flow from source to sink were significantly enhanced in H01 relative to its parents. Both total N and Bt protein in H01 were higher than those in its parents. Significant correlation was also found between total N and Bt protein in the main‐stem leaves (R2 = 0.877**). It is concluded that there existed considerable heterosis in yield, yield components and endotoxin expression in some Bt transgenic hybrids. Yield advantage of hybrid cotton (F1) over parents can be attributed to improved source, sink and flow, while the enforced expression of Bt genes in hybrid cotton appeared to be due to the enhanced nitrogen level in plants. 相似文献
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以1套陆地棉染色体片段代换系为亲本材料,采用株系间随机成对杂交组配F1,在5个环境下鉴定片段代换系亲本及F1的皮棉产量与纤维品质性状表现。结果表明,与轮回亲本(中棉所36)相比,F1在铃重与皮棉产量性状上具有一定的对照优势,亲本与F1的纤维长度与比强度均表现出明显的对照优势,且环境间表现一致。F1铃重、衣分与皮棉产量在各个环境下的中亲优势均值全部为正,且相对较大。除个别环境外,纤维长度、马克隆值与比强度的中亲优势均值也全部为正,但数值相对较小。片段代换系及F1的遗传变异丰富,部分亲本与F1在多个环境下的综合表现优异,其皮棉产量与纤维品质得到同步提高,群体材料的遗传改良与杂种优势利用具有广阔前景。 相似文献
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转基因抗虫棉产量性状的遗传效应及其杂种优势分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了9个亲本和36个F1的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的两年资料,估算了转基因抗虫棉各项遗传方差和成对性状间各项遗传效应的相关性.结果表明,转基因抗虫棉的产量性状受加性和显性效应共同控制,皮棉产量、铃重和衣分都以基因的显性效应为主,而单株铃数是以加性效应为主,单株铃数和衣分还具有基因与环境互作效应.遗传相关分析表明,转基因抗虫棉的皮棉产量与单株铃数的基因型和表现型相关系数都比较大而且比较接近;皮棉产量与单株铃数、铃重和衣分的加性相关系数都达到极显著水平,而且皮棉产量与单株铃数、衣分的数值比较大.利用亲本和F1的资料预测了F2基因型值和杂种优势,结果表明,转基因抗虫棉F2的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的群体平均优势分别为4.0%、5.1%、-1.3%和3.2%,群体超亲优势分别为-7.3%、-6.0%、-4.2%和-0.5%. 相似文献
19.
以102份光子陆地棉材料为母本,分别与遗传标准系TM-1杂交,获得102个F1群体。采用随机区组设计,设置3个重复,对光子陆地棉材料主要性状进行遗传评价。结果表明,调查的11个性状表型差异均较大,材料间产量性状(株高、果枝数、铃数、铃重、衣分和子指)差异大于纤维品质性状(纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、整齐度和伸长率),特别是衣分、铃数等性状差异更明显; 除果枝数、马克隆值、伸长率以外,光子亲本群体其他性状的平均值都小于F1群体。而亲本群体所有性状的变异系数均大于F1,不同光子材料的杂种优势有很大差别,中亲优势和超亲优势也有很大的差别,有些种质某些性状的中亲、超亲优势为负值,其后代性状表现劣势; 纤维品质性状的中亲、超亲优势与毛子程度均呈负相关,而产量性状的中亲、超亲优势与毛子程度均呈正相关,说明可利用光子材料杂种优势改良纤维品质,而其后代产量性状的杂种优势利用受到限制; SSR分子标记遗传相似系数与各个性状的中亲、超亲优势的相关都不显著,说明在光子材料的育种中,杂种优势是不能通过亲本之间的遗传背景相似程度来预测的。 相似文献
20.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the genetic distances (GD) and phenotypic distances (PD)
of parents and the specific combining ability (SCA) and heterosis effects. The experiment comprised 18 parental genotypes
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 76 F2 hybrids, obtained after crossing in a line × tester scheme. Parents and hybrids were examined in a field experiment conducted
in a block design with three replications. SCA as well as mid-parent heterosis effects were estimated for selected morphological
and technological traits. PDs and GDs were investigated between pairs of parental genotypes. GD between parental genotypes
was evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Heterosis was observed in all hybrids, and protein content
exhibited the highest heterosis among the seven examined traits. The relationship between PD and GD as well as the SCA and
mid-parent heterosis effects were evaluated using correlation coefficient. The correlation between PD, SCA and heterosis were
low and not significant for the examined traits, whereas the correlation between SCA, heterosis and GDs were significant for
protein content and rheological properties. The results indicate that GDs between parents can be used to predict performance
of hybrids for selected technological traits. 相似文献