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[目的]建立一个科学合理的水土保持效益后评价指标体系对水土保持工程进行效益评价,为小流域的生态治理提供科学后评估依据。[方法]综合分析小流域水土保持工程特性和影响水土保持工程效益的关键因素,识别和选取水土保持工程效益后评价的13项关键指标,建立小流域工程效益后评价指标体系,运用层次分析法和熵值法改进评价指标的权重,结合评价指标数据和指标评价标准应用改进的集对分析模型开展工程效益后评价研究。[结果]改进的集对分析模型结果表明,评价指标体系中水保效益、生态效益、社会效益,流域水土保持工程效益评价总体处于2级水平,流域治理的成效显著、可供开发的空间和潜力较大。[结论]该方法是一种有效地针对小流域的水土保持工程效益评价的新方法。在构建水土保持工程效益后评价指标体系的基础上,将该方法运用到水土保持工程效益后评价中,基本达到了预期的研究目的。 相似文献
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小流域生态安全景观指标的提取方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
景观指标是生态安全指标的重要组成部分,以小流域为单元的生态安全景观指标体系的构建以及指标提取方法是区域生态安全评价的基础。基于GIS、景观结构分析软件fragstats,制作了小流域土地覆盖景观图。基于数字地形技术实现了小流域的划分,提取了秦皇岛市84个小流域的生态安全景观指标。对小流域土地覆盖景观制图、小流域生态安全评价景观指标体系的构建和提取方法进行了探索。 相似文献
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为北京市山区生态环境建设、防沙治沙工程的实施和可持续发展提供决策参考,以蒲洼小流域为研究对象,提出了适用的、可操作的、简化的小流域综合治理可持续发展指标体系。该指标体系由目标层、类目指标层、项目指标层和指标变量层构成。目标层为小流域综合治理可持续发展度,类目指标层为社会发展能力、经济发展能力和资源环境承载能力。项目指标层为物质需求度、核心发展度、经济富强度、资源丰富度和环境容忍度,指标变量层由16个具体的指标构成。按照从低层到高层的次序,逐层计算各项指标值,最终得出小流域综合治理可持续发展度的指标值。对不同年度蒲洼小流域可持续发展进行了科学的评价与分析。 相似文献
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山区典型小流域可持续发展评价——以北京三渡河小流域为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以三渡河小流域为研究对象,提出适用的、可操作的、简化的小流域综合治理可持续发展指标体系,该指标体系由目标层、类目指标层、项目指标层和指标变量层构成。依照从低到高次序逐层计算各项指标值,最终得出小流域综合治理可持续发展度指标值。并对不同年度三渡河小流域可持续发展进行科学评价。 相似文献
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任志勇 《山西水土保持科技》2004,(4):24-25
淤地坝是小流域综合治理的最后一道防线,其拦泥减沙效益居各项水保措施之首,在水土流失综合防治中起着重要作用。小流域坝系工程的监测分为两个时段,即建设期和运行期。主要监测内容包括项目区水土流失状况、淤地坝工程基本情况、淤地坝工程建设情况、淤地坝的安全稳定性、淤地坝工程防治效果等。主要监测指标有水土流失背景值、水土流失强度和面积、水土流失量、水土流失危害、主体工程基本情况、设计审批基本情况、建设管理基本情况、工程数量和质量、坝系安全性和稳定性、基础效益、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等。 相似文献
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浙西山区上梧溪小流域生态恢复工程效益评价研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究分析了浙西上梧溪小流域生态恢复工程措施,采用层次分析及模糊综合分析相结合方法,建立了该小流域生态恢复工程效益综合评价指标体系,并用欧式距离模型结合模糊聚类分析法对生态恢复工程效益进行评估。 相似文献
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Characterization of aroma compounds of chinese "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors by aroma extract dilution analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aroma compounds in Chinese "Wuliangye" liquor were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) after fractionation. A total of 132 odorants were detected by GC-O in Wuliangye liquor on DB-wax and DB-5 columns. Of these, 126 aromas were identified by GC-mass spectrometry (MS). Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was further employed to identify the most important aroma compounds in "Wuliangye" and "Jiannanchun" liquors. The results showed that esters could be the most important class, especially ethyl esters. Various alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, alkylpyrazines, furan derivatives, lactones, and sulfur-containing and phenolic compounds were also found to be important. On the basis of flavor dilution (FD) values, the most important aroma compounds in Wuliangye and Jiannanchun liquors could be ethyl butanoate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, hexanoic acid, and 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane (FD > or = 1024). These compounds contributed to fruity, floral, and apple- and pineapple-like aromas with the exception of hexanoic acid, which imparts a sweaty note. Several pyrazines, including 2,5-dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, and 3,5-dimethyl-2-pentylpyrazine, were identified in these two liquors. Although further quantitative analysis is required, it seems that most of these pyrazine compounds had higher FD values in Wuliangye than in Jiannanchun liquor, thus imparting stronger nutty, baked, and roasted notes in Wuliangye liquor. 相似文献
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The "oxygen paradox" of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
N2 fixation by aerobic bacteria is a very energy demanding process, requiring efficient oxidative phosphorylation, while O2 is toxic for the nitrogenase complex. N2-fixing bacteria have evolved a variety of strategies to cope with this apparent "O2 paradox". This review compares strategies that azospirilla and other well-known N2-fixing soil bacteria use to overcome this O2 paradox. Attention will be given to the relationships between the natural habitat of these soil bacteria and their prevailing adaptations. In view of this knowledge the following questions will be addressed: are the specific adaptations observed in azospirilla sufficient to allow optimal proliferation and N2 fixation in their natural habitat? Could improving the O2 tolerance of the N2-fixing process contribute to the development of more efficient strains for the inoculation of plants? 相似文献
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试论将“水土保持”改称“水土生态保持”的科学性 总被引:3,自引:9,他引:3
我国“水土保持”一词的提出已有60多年的历史,而治理水土流失的历史则可以追溯到西周初期(公元前16~11世纪)。水和土是陆地生态系统重要的生态因子,而以水和土为首要立地条件的生态植被,是陆地生态系统的第一性生产者,也是水土保持生态效益的直接承担者,所以植被的保护和恢复是水土保持不可或缺的重要部分,生态保护和生态与环境的改善愈来愈成为水土保持不可分割的重要内容。从水土保持的历史和当今不断丰富的水土保持实践来看,应将传统的“水土保持”称谓改称“水土生态保持”,这样更符合水土保持学科发展的需要,能够反映当前水土保持实践,有利于提高全社会对水土保持生态建设的认知度,有利于水土保持的行业管理。 相似文献
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"数字黄土高原"到"数字水土保持" 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
立足于黄土高原水土保持与生态环境建设及其科学研究的要求和空间信息科学技术发展的最新动态,通过:数字黄土高原”建立的时代背景及其技术背景,讨论了“数字黄土高原”研究与建设的目标,基本内容,关键技术环节(包括数据库结构,数据集成方法,数据更新,元数据体系建设和数字共享机制)和推广应用等,初步讨论了“数字水土保持”及其与国家空间数据基础设施(NSDI)建设的关系。 相似文献
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对杨树 虎纹蛙 罗非鱼("林 - 蛙 - 鱼")生态农业模式进行了3年的研究.结果表明,"林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式经济效益明显,250 m2种养池当年可产生经济效益4 800元左右."林 - 蛙 - 鱼"立体种养生态农业模式也取得了良好的生态效益和社会效益,表现在改善生态环境、维护生物多样性、带动农民发展生产、教育青少年等方面,实现了生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的同步发展. 相似文献
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Koskinen WC Rice PJ Anhalt JA Sakaliene O Moorman TB Arthur EL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5368-5372
Sorption-desorption interactions of pesticides with soil determine the availability of pesticides in soil for transport, plant uptake, and microbial degradation. These interactions are affected by the physical and chemical properties of the pesticide and soil, and for some pesticides, their residence time in the soil. The objective of this study was to characterize sorption-desorption of two sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides incubated in soils at different soil moisture potentials. The chemicals were incubated in clay loam and loamy sand soils for up to 12 wks at -33 kPa and at water contents equivalent to 50 and 75% of that at -33 kPa. Chemicals were extracted sequentially with 0.01 N CaCl(2) and aqueous acetonitrile, and sorption coefficients were calculated. Sufficient sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides remained (>40% of that applied) during incubation to allow calculation of sorption coefficients. Aging significantly increased sorption as indicated by increased sorption coefficients. For instance, for sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone remaining after a 12-wk incubation at -33 kPa, K(d) increased by a factor of 4.5 in the clay loam soils and by 6.6 in the loamy sand as compared to freshly treated soils. There was no effect of moisture potential on sorption K(d) values. These data show the importance of characterization of sorption-desorption in aged herbicide residues in soil, particularly in the case of prediction of herbicide transport in soil. In this case, potential transport of sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides would be over-predicted if freshly treated soil K(d) values were used to predict transport. 相似文献
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龙南县实施生态立县战略取得了令人瞩目的成绩,但仍存在一些问题与不足。在论述生态龙南建设的重要意义、指出建设中存在的问题与不足的基础上,认为加强生态龙南建设的途径和措施有:切实加强对生态龙南建设的领导;加大生态文化建设力度;制定生态龙南建设规划及年度实施计划;建立生态龙南建设的政策法规体系;制定生产建设项目并联审批制度;取缔有碍生态龙南建设的落后产业及工艺;整合与生态建设有关的项目资金,集中投入,发挥其乘数效应。 相似文献
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"3414"肥料试验模型拟合的探讨 总被引:174,自引:2,他引:174
以UNDP95-98年在河北唐山进行的27个3414冬小麦试验为例,研究了三元二次施肥模型与一元施肥模型对3414肥料试验结果的拟合情况。结果表明,三元二次施肥模型进行拟合试验成功率仅为56%,而采用一元施肥模型可以对全部试验进行数据处理。在同一试验中,与一元施肥模型相比,采用三元二次施肥模型计算的推荐施肥量偏高;根据一元施肥模型拟合计算分别有15%、44%、67%的点不需要施用N、P、K肥,而采用三元二次施肥模型则无法获得这一信息。因此,在3414试验中,一元施肥模型是三元二次施肥模型拟合的一种很好补充和优化手段。 相似文献