首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid play an important role in plants coping with abiotic stresses. An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on wheat under drought. Seeds were primed with jasmonic acid (100µM) and salicylic acid (10 Mm). Water stress was applied by withholding water and each treatment was replicated three times with a factorial block design. Application of Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid mitigated drought effects in wheat. Results revealed that 100µM Jasmonic acid was more effective than 10 mM SA. Drought decreased germination by 26%, whereas application of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid ameliorated stress with the increase of germination by 27% and 21%, respectively. An increase in the shoot length of 23% and 20% was observed with Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid, under drought conditions. The increase in water potential was 60% and 47% with JA and SA while the increase in proline and soluble sugar was 14% and 25% respectively. The application of Jasmonic acid and Salicylic acid has a potential to enhance the growth of wheat plants under drought.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Trials with Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MLE) sprayed on leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showed different outcomes in grain yield and the components of yield (biomass at anthesis, number of ears, number of tillers, grain weight, 1000 seed weight). An irrigated field trial testing different MLE concentrations resulted in an increase in grain yield of 19% with a 10% concentration but not significant yield increases for higher concentrations of MLE. Dryland field trials with MLE concentrations at 5% and 10% showed no effects or more moderate (about 5–10%) increases in grain yield, depending on the year and location of study. The differences in grain yield responses are most likely due to changes in phytohormone concentration in MLEs brought on by abiotic stress (moisture deficit and seasonal change) of the moringa tree before the collection of the leaves. Concentrations of gibberellins, auxin, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid in MLEs differ markedly due to plants subjected to abiotic stresses. Comparing chemical analysis of MLE with grain yield effects showed that GA4 – most likely in crosstalk with auxin – is the major growth enhancer. It is concluded that the hormonal concentrations of MLEs strongly varies on a yearly basis, which may affect the potential use of this bio-stimulant in agriculture.  相似文献   

3.
茉莉酸（JA）参与调节植物生长、发育和防御等多种重要生物过程,其中JAZ蛋白作为抑制子,在茉莉酸介导的生物和非生物胁迫响应过程中起到重要作用。为研究SlJAZ11的功能,本研究分析了水杨酸（SA）、茉莉酸等激素以及病原菌侵染处理后SlJAZ11的表达模式。结果表明,SlJAZ11能够响应水杨酸、茉莉酸及丁香假单胞菌（Pst DC3000）的诱导。通过酵母双杂交筛选番茄cDNA文库,获得了14个SlJAZ11潜在的互作蛋白。进一步采用酵母双杂交点对点验证和双分子荧光互补技术（BiFC）对候选的SlENT、SlOOLG与SlJAZ11间的互作关系进行验证,发现SlENT和SlJAZ11存在互作。对SlENT的表达模式进行分析,发现其表达被SA和Pst DC3000显著抑制,而MeJA能显著诱导其表达,表明SlJAZ11可能通过与SlENT互作来调控JA介导的番茄抗病性。本研究可为阐明SlJAZ11功能与作用机制奠定良好的分子基础。  相似文献   

4.
ABA在生物胁迫应答中的调控作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
植物激素ABA不仅调控非生物胁迫应答,而且在应对各种生物胁迫中发挥重要的调控作用。ABA负调控植物对生物胁迫的抗性主要是通过与水杨酸、茉莉素和乙烯信号传导途径的互作以及影响这些信号途径中的信号组分来实现的。文章综述了ABA信号转导途径及其在生物胁迫应答过程中的调控作用。  相似文献   

5.
隶属于AP2/ERF超家族的乙烯响应因子(ERF)是植物抵御盐胁迫过程中的一类重要基因,为了减轻盐渍土地对小麦产量的负面影响,本研究从小麦全基因组中分离了AP2/ERF超家族,根据聚类结果和结构特征从中鉴定出96个ERF家族成员,在A、B、D基因组中共有229个拷贝序列;通过聚类分析和转录组数据分析筛选出13个与已克隆耐盐ERF基因相似性高或受NaCl诱导的TaERF成员,随后利用小麦抗感材料验证13个TaERF成员在受250 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理后的表达水平变化情况,结果显示,TaERF27、TaERF35、TaERF55和TaERF64在耐盐材料CH7034中受NaCl胁迫后显著上调,而在盐敏感品种SY95-71中无明显变化,推测其可能为盐胁迫响应基因;组织特异表达和启动子调控元件分析结果显示这4个基因在CH7034苗期根和叶中均具有较高的表达水平,并且每个基因起始密码子前 2 000 bp区域内包含脱落酸、水杨酸和茉莉酸等多种植物激素响应元件,推测它们可能参与植物多种非生物胁迫信号转导通路。本研究结果有助于理解植株应对非生物胁迫的分子机制,并为小麦品种耐盐性改良提供了参考基因。  相似文献   

6.
An ultrasensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the volatile signaling hormone, jasmonic acid, has been developed based on precolumn derivatization with 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-aminozide-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (BODIPY-aminozide). The derivatization reaction was carried out at 60 °C for 30 min in the presence of phosphoric acid. The formed jasmonic acid derivative was eluted using a mobile phase of methanol/pH 6.50 ammonium formate buffer/tetrahydrofuran (67:30:3, v/v/v) in 10 min on a C(18) column and detected with fluorescence detection at excitation and emission wavelengths of 495 and 505 nm, respectively. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 4) reached 1.14 × 10(-10) M or 2.29 fmol per injection (20 μL), which is the lowest of the existing methods. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the direct determination of trace jasmonic acid in the crude extracts of soybean leaves from soybean mosaic virus-infected and normal plants with recoveries of 95-104%.  相似文献   

7.
The effects of a five-pesticide mixture on pesticide accumulation, phytohormone levels (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid), pigment contents (total chlorophyll and carotenoid), antioxidant enzyme (catalase and guaiacol peroxidase) activities, lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde), and DNA profiles were investigated in the leaves of Veronica beccabunga. Laboratory-acclimatized plants were treated with a mix of five pesticides (atrazine, disulfoton, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, and ethion) in doses of 50?ppt, 1?ppb, 100?ppb, and 1?ppm for 1, 3, and 6?days. The accumulation of each pesticide, from highest to lowest, was as follows: chlorpyrifos, atrazine, metalaxyl, disulfoton, and ethion. The amounts of total chlorophyll and protein decreased with increased pesticide concentration. Antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde amount increased linearly with increasing pesticide exposure. However, the highest pesticide concentration caused decreases in guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content at all treatment times. Both jasmonic and salicylic acid levels increased with pesticide exposure and decreased gradually after. It was also determined that application of the pesticide mixture affected the DNA profiles of V. beccabunga. The most band changes were detected on the sixth day of treatment.  相似文献   

8.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a rich source of isoflavones that are often affected by biotic and abiotic factors. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of three natural elicitors applied at different soybean growth stages on isoflavone content and to compare the efficiency of several solvent systems in isoflavone extraction and quantification. The isoflavones extracted from R96-3444 soybean using eight solvent systems were separated, identified, and quantified by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure. The soybean plants were sprayed with salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, or ethyl acetate at 0, 10(-6), 10(-3), and 10(-1) M at R1 (blooming) or R4 (full pods) growth stage. Results showed that 10(-3) M ethyl acetate sprayed at the R1 stage significantly increased total isoflavone content and the levels of some individual isoflavones in soybean seeds. With all the elicitors that were tested, concentration was a more important factor than application time with respect to isoflavone content with lower concentrations being more effective on most isoflavones. A 53% acetonitrile solvent system was the best solvent system for extracting total isoflavone, malonyl glucosides, genistein, glycitin, genistin, acetyl-daidzin, and acetyl-genistin. The results of this study will be useful for increasing the isoflavone content in desirable soybean varieties and improving isoflavone concentration during extraction.  相似文献   

9.
Postharvest treatment of seedless white table grapes (var. 'Superior') with different gas ozone concentrations (3.88 and 1.67 g/h) for 1, 3, and 5 h induced an increase in stilbenoid biosynthesis [trans-resveratrol, piceatannol, and viniferinas (resveratrol dehydrodimers and dehydrotrimers)] during storage at 22 degrees C and 95% relative humidity. The maximal resveratrol concentration was reached after 2 days of storage, and this amount was similar to that induced by optimized UV-C treatments (1 min, 510 W, 40 cm). Although similar resveratrol concentrations accumulated in grapes after both UV-C and O3 treatments (maximum ozone production and time), the ozone treatment was more efficient in inducing viniferins accumulation in grape berries. A sequence in the biosynthesis of stilbenoids was observed, starting with the resveratrol monomer, continuing with the resveratrol dehydrodimers epsilon-viniferin and delta-viniferin, and ending with four different resveratrol dehydrotrimers. These trimers were different from alpha-viniferin, a trimer previously reported to be induced in grapes after biotic and abiotic stresses. Two alpha-viniferin isomers were also detected in the ozone-treated grapes, although at very low concentrations that prevented their quantification.  相似文献   

10.
为有效防治水稻黑条矮缩病的大面积发生,本研究通过室内大量饲养无毒灰飞虱,饲毒后对浙江省20个主栽水稻品种进行传毒,人工接种水稻黑条矮缩病毒(rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV) 后移栽田间,观察病苗症状,测量株高,统计发病率并分析病毒含量。结果表明,籼稻品种深两优5814和Y两优302的抗性较强,粳稻品种淮5和秀水14的抗性较弱。此外,病毒侵染后,籼稻品种深两优5814和Y两优302的OsMYC2和OsNPR1的mRNA表达水平显著高于粳稻品种淮5和秀水14。上述结果表明,籼稻品种深两优5814和Y两优302抗病毒能力与其体内茉莉酸(JA)和水杨酸(SA)激素水平相关,这为今后筛选抗RBSDV材料提供了新的策略和思路。  相似文献   

11.
Three cereals (wheat, pearl millet, sorghum), three legumes (mung bean, moth bean, clusterbean) and three oil seed crop species (groundnut, sesame, mustard) were grown in solution culture under conditions of P deficiency and with additions of inorganic P or organic P (phytin, lecithin, glycerophosphates). The plants started secreting acid phosphatase as soon as their roots emerged (24-96 h). The activities of the secreted acid phosphatases increased with plant age and were at a maximum under P-deficient conditions. Phytin increased acid phosphatase secretion to a greater extent than lecithin and glycerophosphate. The increased activities of acid phosphatase secreted under P-deficient conditions when compared with those under P-sufficient (inorganic P) conditions ranged from 2.7 times (glycerophosphate) to 5 times (negligible P, phytin) higher. Legumes secreted the maximum amount of acid phosphatase within 2 weeks after germination, then activity decreased gradually. Acid phosphatase secretion by oilseeds started at a low level and increased with the age of the plants. Only a small increase in acid phosphatase secretion by cereals was observed during the first 3 weeks of growth. The amount of acid phosphatase secreted by legumes was 22% higher than by oilseeds and 72% higher than by cereals. The results showed that an organic P concentration of 250 mg L-1 and above, and an inorganic P concentration <50 mg L-1 provide the most suitable conditions for plants to secrete a maximum amount of acid phosphatase.  相似文献   

12.
Cell cultures of lavender (Lavandula officinalis) were analyzed for the metabolite profile under normal growth conditions and under stress as well as after jasmonic acid treatment. The main compound synthesized was rosmarinic acid, which was also secreted into the culture medium. Different solvent extraction methods at different pH values altered the profile slightly. Anoxic stress induced the synthesis of a cinnamic acid derivative, which was identified as caffeic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Caffeic acid was also induced after treatment of the cell cultures with jasmonic acid. Although the antioxidative activity of both compounds, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid, was confirmed in an assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), it was demonstrated that both substances have a low cytotoxic potential in vitro using acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60) cells. The potential of the system for finding new bioactive compounds is discussed.  相似文献   

13.
The short‐term effects of manganese (Mn) toxicity on ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase EC 4.1.1.39 (Rubisco) activity and concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘KY 17') chloroplasts were examined. The activity of the enzyme from both Mn‐treated and control plants was determined 6,12,18, 24, and 48 h after introduction of Mn (80 mg/L). Enzyme activity was determined by monitoring rates of carbon dioxide (14CO2) fixation into acid stable products. A decrease in the enzyme's activity in experimental plants was noted after 48 h of exposure. Visible symptoms, such as chlorosis and decreased leaf size, were also observed after 48 h of Mn exposure in experimental plants. Using Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis, no appreciable differences between Rubisco concentration levels of the experimental plants and the control plants were noted indicating that the effect on Rubisco activity is a post‐translational phenomenon and that Rubisco is not being degraded at an accelerated rate. Manganese accumulated in the experimental plants to concentrations as high as 3282 μg/g dry wt as determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A shuttling mechanism for Mn between young and old leaves was indicated by an observed decrease in the concentration of Mn in the young leaf tissue between 12 and 18 h after treatment.  相似文献   

14.
A rapid multiresidue method to quantify three different classes of plant hormones has been developed. The reduced concentrations of these metabolites in real samples with complex matrixes require sensitive techniques for their quantification in small amounts of plant tissue. The method described combines high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Deuterium-labeled standards were added prior to sample extraction to achieve an accurate quantification of abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and jasmonic acid in a single run. A simple method of extraction and purification involving only centrifugation, a partition against diethyl ether, and filtration was developed and the analytical method validated in four different plant tissues, citrus leaves, papaya roots, barley seedlings, and barley immature embryos. This method represents a clear advantage because it extensively reduces sample preparation and total time for routine analysis of phytohormones in real plant samples.  相似文献   

15.
Silicon (Si) plays an important role in the structural rigidity of cell walls. When plants have a passive or selective assimilation or they are poor accumulators as solanaceae, the percentage of silicon absorbed and present in the plants is lower than 1%, but its presence can provide significant benefits to the plant before it undergoes biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of fertilization with monosilicic acid on yield and quality of cherry tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme cv. ‘Salomee’) grown on rockwool in a greenhouse. Two types of treatments were investigated: control test (conventional fertilization) and fertilization with silicic acid [Si(OH)4] [seven applications of 250 mL of Si(OH)4·ha?1 for each crop cycle]. Significant differences were observed, including a higher number of fruits (fruits/plant) and a larger yield (kg m?2) in the plots that were fertilized with silicon.  相似文献   

16.
This study was designed to examine whether external selenium (Se) may improve the tolerance of Trifolium repens L. to polyethylene glycol (PEG)–induced water deficit, and to determine the physiological mechanisms of the possibly enhanced tolerance. Trifolium repens seedlings were subjected to PEG‐induced water deficit alone or combined with 5 μM Na2SeO4 for 24, 48, and 72 h. During the experimental period, the fresh weight (FW) of T. repens seedlings and the relative water content (RWC) of the leaves decreased gradually, and the chlorophyll concentration increased after 24 and 48 h, but decreased after 72 h. The PEG+Se‐treated plants had higher FW, RWC, and chlorophyll concentration than the PEG‐treated plants. Smaller amounts of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and H2O2 accumulated in PEG+Se‐treated plants than in plants treated only with PEG. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased gradually during the water‐deficit period, and Se application promoted SOD activity further. Catalase (CAT) activity remained unchanged after 24 and 48 h and insignificantly increased after 72 h of water deficit, whereas ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity increased linearly and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased slightly over the course of treatment. Whereas the Se application exhibited no effect on the CAT activity, seedlings treated with PEG+Se had higher APOX activity during the whole experimental period and a higher GR activity after 48 and 72 h than PEG‐treated plants. These results suggest that exogenous Se treatment enhanced T. repens tolerance to PEG‐induced water deficit, and this enhancement was related to alleviation of lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, APOX, and GR.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】丛枝菌根是土壤中的丛枝菌真菌（arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）与大多数陆地植物根系形成的互惠共生体。丛枝菌根的形成过程是一系列信号交换和转导的结果,受到很多基因的程序化表达调控。植物激素作为重要的信号物质被证实能够参与调控植物与AM真菌的互作过程。本文简述了植物激素在调控丛枝菌根形成的作用机理,为激素调控丛枝菌根形成的研究与应用提供理论线索。主要进展外源施加低浓度的生长素和脱落酸能够促进丛枝菌根共生,而外源施加赤霉素能够显著抑制丛枝菌根中丛枝的形成;内源缺失赤霉素,脱落酸以及油菜素内酯会抑制丛枝菌根共生;茉莉酸合成突变体推迟丛枝菌根形成;独脚金内酯合成、转运以及受体突变体都会抑制丛枝菌根共生;生长素以及脱落酸受体表达量降低会抑制丛枝菌根共生。但是生长素信号受体的降低表达不仅能够显著抑制丛枝菌根的形成还能显著抑制丛枝细胞的正常发育,而植物脱落酸信号受体表达降低突变体中丛枝细胞发育正常。研究展望激素如何调控丛枝菌根共生的研究仍处于起步阶段。随着转基因和基因编辑技术（如Crispr/cas9系统介导的基因敲除技术）的快速发展以及通过菌根植物的基因组、转录组、蛋白质和代谢组数据的挖掘,丛枝菌根共生中的众多科学问题以及与其他植物-微生物互作系统等问题都将一一得到解答。  相似文献   

18.
Artemisia annua became a valuable agricultural crop after the World Health Organization recommended artemisinin as a component of ACT (artemisinin-combination based therapies) for malaria in 2001. A cloned, greenhouse-grown, A. annua (Artemis) subjected to an acidic soil and macronutrient deficit was evaluated for artemisinin production. Lack of lime (L) and macronutrients (N, P, and K) reduced leaf biomass accumulation. When L was provided (pH 5.1), the highest average leaf biomass was achieved with the "complete" (+N, +P, +K, and +L) treatment (70.3 g/plant), and the least biomass was achieved with the untreated (-N, -P, -K, and -L) treatment (6.18 g/plant). The nutrient least required for biomass accumulation per plant (g) was K (49.0 g), followed by P (36.5 g) and N (14.3 g). The artemisinin concentration (g/100 g) was significantly higher (75.5%) in -K plants when compared to plants under the complete treatment (1.62 vs 0.93%). Although the artemisinin total yield (g/plant) was 21% higher in -K plants, it was not significantly different from plants under the complete treatment (0.80 vs 0.66 g/plant). There were no marked treatment effects for concentration (g/100 g) or yield (g/plant) of both dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic acid, although higher levels were achieved in plants under the complete or -K treatments. There was a positive and significant correlation between artemisinin and both artemisinic acid and dihydroartemisin acid, in g/100 g and g/plant. This is the first report where potassium deficiency significantly increases the concentration (g/100 g) of artemisinin. Thus, under a mild potassium deficiency, A. annua farmers could achieve similar gains in artemisinin/ha, while saving on potassium fertilization, increasing the profitability of artemisinin production.  相似文献   

19.
Application of plant growth regulator (PGR) may alleviate some negative effects of environmental stresses such as salinity. A controlled environment experiment was conducted to study barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Reyhane) growth, yield, antioxidant enzymes and ions accumulation affected by PGRs under salinity stress conditions at Shiraz University during 2012. The treatments were PGRs at four levels—water (as control), cycocel (CCC, 19 mM), salicylic acid (SA, 1 mM), and jasmonic acid (JA, 0.5 mM)—and four salinity levels—no stress (0.67 dS m?1, as control), 5, 10, and 15 dS m?1, which were arranged in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replicates. The results showed that salinity stress significantly decreased plant height, peduncle length, leaf area, ear length, grain number, dry weight, grain yield, harvest index, potassium (K+) accumulation, and potassium/sodium (K+/Na+) concentration ratio, which were closely associated with stress severity. However, PGRs compensated some of these negative effects, so that SA foliar application had the most ameliorative effect. Salt stress also increased Na+ accumulation as well as the activity of peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Since ion discrimination and enhanced antioxidant enzymes are associated with salt tolerance, in this experiment PGRs application might have enhanced K+ accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity. The activity of SOD and K+/Na+ ratio were found to be useful in salt tolerance manipulation in barley plants.  相似文献   

20.
Exophiala sp. LHL08, a gibberellin-producing strain, was investigated to assess its effects on cucumber plant growth and heat (40°C) stress tolerance. The results reveal that Exophiala sp. associated plants had significantly higher plant growth attributes (shoot length, plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, and leaf area) than control under heat stress. Endophytic association helped the plants to obtain adequate water to reduce the leaf electrolytic leakage under stress. High-temperature-induced oxidative stress was less pronounced in Exophiala sp. associated plants as shown by enhanced levels of total polyphenol and reduced activities of glutathione, superoxide anion, and lipid peroxidation. To tolerate heat stress and rescue plant growth, the endophyte association significantly increased catalase and peroxidase activities of the host plants as compared to control plants. Contents of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and α-linolenic were significantly decreased in the Exophiala sp.-inoculated plants than control plants under heat stress. Contents of flavonoids like genistein and daidzein were produced in higher quantities, while glycitein content was almost same in endophyte-associated plants under heat stress than control plants. Contrarily, stress-responsive endogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were significantly activated in non-inoculated control treatments as compared to endophyte-inoculated plants under heat stress. The findings of the study reveal that association of Exophiala sp. with cucumber host plants can modulate heat stress by influencing physiological and biochemical contents of plants under heat stress.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号