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对华北落叶松自由授粉家系进行苗期试验,调查了各家系的成活率、苗高和地径生长量,并以其综合分数为聚类参数进行分析。结果表明:不同家系间苗木成活率差异较大,成活率最低的为20号,仅10%;最高的为5号,达89.1%.其它自由授粉家系的平均成活率为63%.以华北落叶松各家系成活率、苗高和地径生长量综合分数为聚类参数进行分析,初选出5个优良家系,分别为1号~5号。 相似文献
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华北落叶松半同胞家系苗期选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对华北落叶松半同胞家系苗木引种栽培,调查了各家系的成活率、苗高和地径生长量,并以其成活率、苗高和地径生长量的综合分数为参数进行聚类分析。结果表明：不同家系间苗木成活率差异较大,其中：华初85最低,仅为4%,华初78最高,可达96%,其他半同胞家系的成活率介于二者之间。华北落叶松半同胞家系可划分为4类：第Ⅰ类为表现好的,家系号为华初99,华初159,华初83,华初98和华初106,共5个家系;第Ⅱ类为表现较好的,共24个家系;第Ⅲ类为表现一般的,共48个家系;第Ⅳ类为表现差的,共7个家系。 相似文献
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笔者以日本落叶松二代优树嫁接苗为对象,对嫁接成活率和嫁接苗生长情况进行调查分析,结果表明:二代优树嫁接成活率平均值为36.40%;无性系间嫁接成活率和生长量差异较大,无性系内各单株生长差异大,变异系数最大达到72.49%;家系间嫁接成活率存在极显著差异,生长量差异不显著;第3 a生主梢长度与2 a苗高存在极显著正相关,用2 a苗高对第3 a苗高生长进行校正后发现家系间第3 a苗高生长存在显著差异;不同树龄母树穗条的嫁接成活率及嫁接后苗木生长情况均存在极显著差异,采穗母树年龄为10～12 a的嫁接苗嫁接成活率、苗高和地径生长量均大于采穗母树年龄为14～17,18～20 a的嫁接苗。 相似文献
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摘要：笔者以日本落叶松二代优树嫁接苗为对象,对嫁接成活率和嫁接苗生长情况进行调查分析,结果表明：二代优树嫁接成活率平均值为36.40%;无性系间嫁接成活率和生长量差异较大,无性系内各单株生长差异大,变异系数最大达到72.49%;家系间嫁接成活率存在极显著差异,生长量差异不显著;第3 a生主梢长度与2 a苗高存在极显著正相关,用2 a苗高对第3 a苗高生长进行校正后发现家系间第3 a苗高生长存在显著差异;不同树龄母树穗条的嫁接成活率及嫁接后苗木生长情况均存在极显著差异,采穗母树年龄为10～12 a的嫁接苗嫁接成活率、苗高和地径生长量均大于采穗母树年龄为14～17,18～20 a的嫁接苗。 相似文献
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《河北林业科技》2018,(3)
为加快华北落叶松高世代选育进程,扩大家系选择范围,以河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局龙头山国家重点落叶松良种基地华北落叶松二代种子园子代测定林的20个家系及1个对照为对象,通过野外调查的方法,对其胸径、树高和材积的变异系数、生长量及其遗传力、遗传增益等进行对比研究。结果表明:各家系胸径、树高、材积均值分别为:、1.13cm、2.06m和0.00029m3。各家系内材积、胸径的变异幅度较大,树高变异幅度较小,其变异系数分别为:0.38、0.19和0.09。在参试的21个家系中,平均胸径、树高、材积高于群体平均值的比例分别为:52.4%、47.6%和47.6%、;各家系胸径、树高、材积间均存在显著差异,均值均较大程度高于对照,优势明显。综合胸径、树高材积生长量表现,最优家系分别为H15、H16、H10、H17、H18和H20,其中H15、H16和H10三个家系各项指标均位于前三;参试家系胸径遗传力为0.96,树高的遗传力为0.95,材积遗传力为0.94,胸径遗传力稍高于树高和材积遗传力。从21个家系内(包括对照)选出最好的6个家系,进行有性繁殖后代,胸径可获得12.80%的遗传增益,树高可获得7.11%的遗传增益、材积可获得27.15%的遗传增益。 相似文献
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对41个闽楠(Phoebe bournei)家系1年生苗木的生长节律进行观测并综合评价,结果表明7-9月为苗高的旺盛生长期,大部分家系苗高生长速率在8月最大,苗高生长量最大值为41.75±6.56 cm,且各家系间差异较大。地径旺盛生长季则出现在10-11月,大部分家系生长峰值出现在10月,地径生长量最大值为4.12±0.51 mm,各家系间差异较小。对不同闽楠家系苗高和地径综合评价和排序,表现最优的家系为13号,其苗高比参试家系平均苗高(30.46 cm)高37.06%,比平均地径(3.77 mm)高4.48%。按10%的入选率,筛选出13号、12号、15号、10号、14号等5个家系为优良家系。 相似文献
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日本落叶松优良家系和无性系初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨日本落叶松不同优良家系和无性系幼龄林的生长表现,本文以4年（苗龄2年生）优良家系和无性系试验林为研究对象,通过生长量调查和统计分析后,结果表明：日本落叶松优良家系和无性系成活率高,保存良好,成活率和保存率均值达到了89%和81%;日本落叶松优良家系2009SBZ11、2009SBZ20和优良无性系2009SBY1、2009SBY25生长最快,且差异显著。2009SBZ11、2009SBZ20家系立木单株平均树高较最低值75.1 cm（2009SBZ6、2009SBZ34）增长了近19.0%和18.9%;2009SBY1和2009SBY25无性系立木单株平均树高较最低值74.6 cm（2009SBY6）增长了近23.6%和24.9%。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):139-149
Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):150-157
An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation. 相似文献