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青蒿素是一种倍半萜内酯类化合物,其特殊的过氧基团结构使其具有抗疟疾、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗寄生虫、免疫调节、缓解热应激、促进生长等作用。青蒿素及其衍生物应用于动物生产中可以替代抗生素,具有广阔的应用前景。文章对青蒿素及其衍生物的生理功能、主要提取方式及在动物生产中的应用进行论述。 相似文献
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青蒿素及其衍生物抗寄生虫研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
寄生虫病具有传播范围广、易感人群或动物多,多为隐性或慢性感染等特点,给人畜健康带来严重危害。青蒿素是从青蒿(黄花蒿)中提取的一种含有过氧桥结构的倍半萜内酯类化合物,具有抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤和抗病毒等药理作用,因其在抗疟疾方面的良好药效,被世界卫生组织称为"治疗疟疾的最大希望",2015年我国科学家屠坳坳因此获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。近年来发现,青蒿素及其衍生物具有抗寄生虫作用。论文就青蒿素及其衍生物抗球虫、疟原虫、血吸虫、弓形虫、卡氏肺孢子虫、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫等寄生虫的效果及其机制进行综述,为中药防治寄生虫病提供理论依据。 相似文献
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李龙 《江西畜牧兽医杂志》2009,(4):5-8
血吸虫病是由分体科分体属的蠕虫引起的一种危害严重的寄生虫病,对吡喹酮、氯硝柳胺、青蒿素及其衍生物三类抗血吸虫病药物的作用机制、疗效、毒副作用进行了介绍。 相似文献
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青蒿素类药物对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染的防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以存活率、相对增重率、病变值、卵囊值以及抗球虫指数为药效评判标准,比较青蒿素及其衍生物蒿甲醚对鸡人工感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫的疗效情况,为球虫病防治提供参考。结果表明青蒿素对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染有一定的防治效果,与感染对照组相比,各青蒿素给药组相对增重率、存活率和抗球虫指数(ACI)均有所上升,卵囊值与盲肠病变值呈下降趋势,40 mg/kg的青蒿素给药组ACI达到147,试验结果呈现剂量依赖性;而蒿甲醚给药组无抗球虫作用,相对增重率比感染对照组下降20%以上,ACI指数仅为70.1。 相似文献
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70年代,我国医药工作者从菊科草本植物黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)和青蒿(A.apiaceaHance)中提取出一种抗疟有效成分青蒿素(Artemisinin),其后又研制出更有效的抗疟化合物蒿甲醚(Artemther)、青蒿琥酯(Artesunate)等一系列衍生物,为抗疟药研究开辟了新途径。近年来,青蒿素及其衍生物在兽医临床上的应用越来越广泛,在治疗牛、羊焦虫病,牛、兔血吸虫病和鸡球虫病等畜禽寄生虫病上展现出重要价值。本文就近10年国内对青蒿素及其衍生物在药理、毒理及临床应用方面的研究状况作一概述。 相似文献
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对青蒿素及其衍生物的作用机理及近年来其在防治鸡球虫病的应用做了较详细的综述,以期为其在防治鸡球虫病中的应用提供参考。青蒿素被用于治疗疟疾已有几百年的历史,它还具有治疗血吸虫、腹泻及清热、镇静安神的作用,但其在兽医临床中的应用还是一个新领域。 相似文献
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<正>青蒿,又名香蒿、草蒿、黑蒿等,菊科艾属一年生草本植物。青蒿为我国传统中药,地道药材,民间用作清热、化斑、消暑、泻热、凉血、消肿、止汗等。中药青蒿作为传统清热药,已有两千多年的历史,在临床上广泛应用,其青蒿素用于治疗多型疟疾,疗效显著,并得到世界的公认。另外,近年国内外报道了青蒿素及其衍生物有抗寄生虫如血吸虫、肺孢子虫、弓形虫、细粒棘球蚴的作用,还具有免疫调节、诱导癌细胞凋亡、杀伤癌细胞及抗肿瘤的功能[1]。 相似文献
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【目的】 采用分子对接以及体外试验确定青蒿素对牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）复制的抑制作用,为抗病毒药物和制剂开发提供新思路。【方法】 以BVDV-NS5B蛋白为作用靶点,通过PDB数据库检索蛋白三维晶体结构,并对其结构进行适当修饰处理;检索TCMSP数据库中的青蒿素结构,应用Autodock软件将两者进行分子对接及结合能打分。随后采用CCK-8试剂盒测定青蒿素对MDBK细胞的最大安全浓度;将选定浓度的青蒿素进行梯度稀释,采用先加病毒后加药物、先加药物后加病毒、中药和病毒同时作用的3种不同加药方式进行药物抗病毒试验,确定对病毒的最佳药物抑制浓度、预防浓度和杀灭浓度。应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测3种药物作用方式下BVDV的拷贝数,进一步明确药物对BVDV复制的作用。【结果】 分子对接数据表明青蒿素与BVDV-NS5B存在相互作用,结合自由能为-28.6748 kJ/mol。青蒿素在MDBK细胞上的最佳药物安全浓度为100 μmol/L。3种作用方式下青蒿素浓度为100 μmol/L时均可有效影响BVDV的复制,青蒿素对BVDV的抑制作用最为明显。【结论】 青蒿素可与BVDV-NS5B蛋白靶点互作,并能在MDBK细胞上有效抑制BVDV的复制,本研究为抗BVDV中药筛选奠定了基础。 相似文献
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黄花蒿主要通过植株残体向土壤释放化感物质,影响土壤肥力和生产力。本试验开展了土壤微生物对黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素的响应研究。结果表明,在土壤中添加黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素,真菌数量增加,但显著降低放线菌、自生固氮菌、硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌的数量,不利于土壤有机质矿化,生物固氮和硝化作用。黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素降低微生物熵,增大代谢熵,说明土壤微生物代谢受到干扰,活性降低。此外,黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素还使土壤微生物标记性磷脂脂肪酸总量和种类以及细菌、放线菌和原生动物标记性磷脂脂肪酸减少,选择性地抑制了土壤微生物的繁殖生长。在黄花蒿凋落物、青蒿素和对照(不加凋落物和青蒿素)的土壤中,微生物种群结构差异显著,黄花蒿凋落物和青蒿素降低微生物多样性和均匀度指数。因此,在大规模集约化种植黄花蒿的过程中,进入土壤的凋落物抑制有益微生物生长繁殖,改变土壤微生物群落结构,种群减少,密度降低,这可能是黄花蒿抑制后茬和周围植物生长,进而造成减产的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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原虫是一种单细胞真核生物,整个虫体由一个细胞构成,可以寄生在机体的腔道、体液、组织或细胞内。原虫病严重危害人类健康和养殖业发展。目前,广泛使用的化学药物治疗会产生耐药性、药物残留和毒副作用等弊端。青蒿素作为一种从植物黄花蒿中提取的天然物质,对多种原虫具有治疗作用,与化学药物相比更加安全、廉价甚至更高效。本文对青蒿素在原虫病治疗中的作用和机理进行综述,旨在为其应用于原虫病治疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
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青蒿素对牧草的化感作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以黑麦草、白三叶和光叶紫花苕为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度(0,6,12,24,36 mg/kg)青蒿素处理对3种牧草生长、生理、抗氧化酶和养分指标的影响,为重庆市黄花蒿产区选择宜栽牧草提供科学参考。结果表明,青蒿素显著影响3种牧草生长,影响效应与青蒿素浓度和牧草种类显著相关。其中,6 mg/kg 青蒿素对3种牧草生长指标均有显著抑制作用,并随浓度的增加而增强。当浓度为36 mg/kg时,黑麦草、白三叶和光叶紫花苕的生物量分别减少76.83%,90.10%和65.09%;株高分别降低47.82%,38.76%和44.49%。青蒿素对3种牧草的化感综合效应均表现为负值,且绝对平均值光叶紫花苕最小,黑麦草次之,白三叶最大,说明光叶紫花苕对青蒿素相对不敏感。此外,青蒿素显著降低牧草叶绿素含量、根系活力和硝酸还原酶活性,不益于光合作用、养分吸收和氮素同化,故牧草氮、磷、钾吸收量显著降低,最大降幅均超过70%。青蒿素对抗氧化酶活性的影响各异,超氧化物歧化酶活性提高,过氧化物酶活性降低,过氧化氢酶活性无显著变化。但是,青蒿素大幅度提高丙二醛含量,表明在青蒿素胁迫下,牧草体内产生了较多的氧自由基或清除率降低,细胞膜受到损伤。因此,在重庆黄花蒿产区,比较适合种植对青蒿素相对不敏感的光叶紫花苕。 相似文献
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Shahbazfar AA Mardjanmehr SH Arab HA Rassouli A Abdollahi M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(4):843-849
Artemisinin has been used for centuries to treat malaria, intestinal tract helminthosis, diarrhea, and used as an antipyretic
and sedative agent, but the usage in veterinary medicine is a new field. Recently, it has been used successfully to control
experimental poultry coccidiosis. The present study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of artemisinin in broiler
chickens with chronic usage. Sixty birds divided into one control and four treatment groups that fed rations mixed with artemisinin
at doses of 17, 34, 68, and 136 ppm for 36 days. During the experiment, birds showed no clinical signs except anemia. In microscopic
examinations, heart, lung, and spleen had no lesion, but liver, kidney, and brain showed various lesions. Degenerative lesions
like intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were seen in both kidney and liver but fatty change was seen only in liver.
There was no relationship between severity of the liver lesions and drug dosage. Central chromatolysis, scattered neuronal
necrosis, and mild spongy changes were observed in five regions of the brain that were chosen for sectioning (motor cortex,
cerebellar nuclei, midbrain nuclei, and hindbrain nuclei at two separate levels). Severity of lesions in brain was dose-dependent,
and cerebral cortex was the most vulnerable area. Haematologic tests showed lower values for hematocrit and red blood cell
count dose-dependently. In conclusion, artemisinin is a promising drug for prevention and control of coccidiosis in broiler
chickens and its side effects are not too much serious especially at therapeutic doses. 相似文献
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Arab HA Rahbari S Rassouli A Moslemi MH Khosravirad F 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(6):497-503
Artemisinin has received much attention in the treatment of malaria in recent years, and it is now considered as a potential
candidate to reduce coccidial infection in chickens. It is a sesquiterpene compound which has been isolated from Aretemisia annua for the first time. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of artemisinin in A. sieberi (AS) and to test the anticoccidial effects of plant extract in broiler chickens. The aerial parts of the plant were collected
during different seasons from Yazd Province, in the centre of Iran. The artemisinin content of the AS was extracted with petrol
ether and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography using UV detection. Anticoccidial effects of the plant extract
were tested on chicks challenged with various species of Eimeria. The infected chickens were treated with doses of 1 or 2.5 mg/kg per day artemisinin via oral administration of plant extract.
The analytical results showed that the level of artemisinin in AS was 0.2% and 0.14% of dried weight (DW) of plant materials
in summer and autumn, respectively. Treatment of experimentally infected chickens with AS extracts showed that artemisinin
was able to reduce the severity of coccidial infection induced by Eimeria tenella and E. acervulina, but not E. maxima. The anticoccidial effects of artemisinin were shown by significant decrease in output of number of oocysts per gram of faeces
in chickens challenged with different species of Eimeria. This study showed that the levels of artemisinin in AS were comparable with those in other species including A. annua, and that the extract of this plant can reduce coccidial infection in broiler chickens. 相似文献
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Mazuz ML Haynes R Shkap V Fish L Wollkomirsky R Leibovich B Molad T Savitsky I Golenser J 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):99-104
Neosporosis caused by Neospora caninum has global economic, clinical, and epidemiological impacts, mainly in the cattle industry. Currently, there is no useful drug for treatment of neosporosis. This publication is the first to describe the significant benefits that artemisone has on Neospora infections both in vitro and in vivo. Artemisone is a new semi-synthetic 10-alkylamino artemisinin that is superior to other artemisinin derivatives in terms of its significantly higher antimalarial activity, its tolerance in vivo, lack of detectable neurotoxic potential, improved in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolic stability. Low micromolar concentrations of artemisone inhibited in vitro Neospora development. Prophylactic and post-infection treatment profoundly reduced the number of infected cells and parasites per cell. In the in vivo gerbil model, a non-toxic dose prevented typical cerebral symptoms, in most animals. There were no signs of clinical symptoms and brain PCR was negative. Most treated gerbils produced high specific antibody titer and were protected against a challenge. Overall, artemisone could be considered as a future drug for neosporosis. 相似文献
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Hara Y Yamawaki H Shimada M Okada K Tanai T Ichikawa D Miyake K Kizaki K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(7):697-702
Concern has been growing about the cardiac toxicity of antimalarial drugs. Artemisinin, a unique type of antimalarial drug originating from a Chinese medicinal plant, has minimal adverse effects, but it has been reported to inhibit delayed rectifier potassium current, a voltage-gated potassium current. However, no studies have been published concerning the effect of artemisinin on ligand-gated potassium currents. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the influence of artemisinin on the acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (IK.ACh), a ligand-gated potassium current, in guinea pig atrial myocytes using a patch clamp technique. Artemisinin (1 to 300 microM) inhibited I(K.ACh) induced by extracellular application of both carbachol (1 microM) and adenosine (10 microM) and that induced by intracellular loading of GTPgammaS (100 microM) in a concentration-dependent manner. Artemisinin inhibited carbachol-induced, adenosine-induced, and GTPgammaS-activated IK.ACh within almost the same concentration range. In left atria, artemisinin (1 to 100 microM) partially reversed the shortening of action potential duration induced by carbachol in a concentration-dependent manner. Carbachol-induced negative inotropic action in left atria was also inhibited by artemisinin (10 to 300 microM). In conclusion, we suggest that the anticholinergic action of artemisinin is mediated through inhibition of IK.ACh via inhibition of the muscarinic potassium channel and/or associated GTP-binding proteins. 相似文献
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Jong-Tai Kim Jong-Yeol Park Hun-Su Seo Hwa-Gyun Oh Jae-Wuk Noh Jae-Hoon Kim Dae-Yong Kim Hee-Jeong Youn 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,103(1-2):53-63
Neospora caninum is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of mammals and has been associated with abortion in cattle worldwide. Artemisinin is an effective antimalarial compound derived from a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, qinghao or Artemisia annua L. In the study reported, the cultured host cells (vero cells or mouse peritoneal macrophages) infected with N. caninum tachyzoites were incubated with alpha-MEM (minimal essential medium) 10%HS supplemented with various concentration or artemisinin (20, 10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 microg/ml) to examine the efficacy of artemisinin against N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication. In long-term studies, at 20 or 10 microg/ml for 11 days, artemisinin reduced N. caninum and completely eliminated all microscopic foci of N. caninum. At 1 microg/ml for 14 days, artemisinin reduced N. caninum and completely achieved elimination of all microscopic foci of N. caninum. There was no apparent toxicity to host cells in long-term studies. In short-term studies, at > or = 0.1microg/ml, artemisinin reduced N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication, significantly (P < 0.05) and appeared to depend on the artemisinin concentrations. Pretreatment of host cells or N. caninum tachyzoites with artemisinin had no effect on N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication. These results demonstrate that artemisinin inhibited N. caninum tachyzoites intracellular multiplication. 相似文献