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转基因小麦研究已经列入国家科技重大项目专项,对确保今后数十年我国粮食供应将起到关键作用。建立小麦转基因安全评价体系,对转基因小麦的安全风险进行系统研究,有助于厘清转基因小麦的安全忧虑,促进转基因小麦的产业化。本文对转基因抗病小麦生物安全相关的主要研究进展进行了评述,阐述了目前国际上小麦转基因研究的主要目标基因、安全性及其评价方法,有助于建立我国转基因小麦的安全评价技术体系,保障转基因小麦的健康发展。 相似文献
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荧光假单胞菌(Psdeuomnoda fluoerncnet)是一种土壤中十分常见的细菌,广泛应用于生物防治,其数量变化能较准确地反映土壤环境的变化,因此在转基因小麦环境安全评价研究中可以将荧光假单胞菌的数量变化作为检测转基因小麦种植对整个根际土壤环境影响的指标之一。本研究选取荧光假单胞菌的蛋白编码基因gyrB作为靶标基因,设计特异性较好的引物,利用该引物建立了基于实时荧光定量PCR(RFQ-PCR)方法的转基因小麦根际土壤荧光假单胞菌数量的检测技术体系。结果显示,定量标准曲线相关系数达0.99以上,且呈现单一熔解曲线峰值。应用该体系对种植于河南新乡及江苏六合的转TaDREB4基因抗旱小麦(简称TB4)及其受体小麦济麦19根际土壤荧光假单胞菌进行检测,结果表明,各时期转基因小麦和非转基因小麦各生育期根际土壤中荧光假单胞菌的拷贝数无显著差异。说明TB4种植对根际土壤中的荧光假单胞菌数量无显著影响。 相似文献
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转基因食品的安全问题一直为人们所关注,针对与食品链关系密切的转基因大豆在加工过程中各个环节进行分析及跟踪溯源研究,建立起我国转基因大豆的溯源与污染评估体系,为我国的转基因产品的标识、监管、保护消费者知情权等方面制度建立提供重要科学依据与研究基础。 相似文献
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小麦成熟胚组织培养及遗传转化研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
小麦成熟胚转化体系的建立对促进小麦基因工程研究和功能基因组研究具有重要意义.小麦成熟胚具有取材方便、不受季节限制等优点,已成功应用于小麦组织培养及遗传转化研究,可望取代幼胚成为小麦遗传转化的方便受体.本文就目前小麦成熟胚组织培养及遗传转化研究进行了综述,目的是为进一步建立和完善小麦成熟胚再生体系和转化体系提供参考.目前国内外采用较多的小麦成熟胚培养方式主要有完整成熟胚培养、胚乳支撑成熟胚培养、成熟胚刮碎培养和成熟胚切割培养等.对培养基中激素种类、浓度配比的优化也进行了较多研究,并取得了一定结果.利用基因枪轰击法和农杆菌介导法转化小麦成熟胚均成功获得了转基因植株,证明小麦成熟胚及其愈伤组织作为受体进行遗传转化研究具有可行性. 相似文献
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多重PCR结合变性高效液相色谱技术转基因小麦检测方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了满足对小麦转基因成分高通量快速检测的需要,建立了一种新的转基因小麦检测方法。通过对不同稀释倍数的转基因小麦品系B7361中的内源基因Wx012、外源基因ubiquitin、bar、nos、uidA进行单一PCR和多重PCR扩增,应用琼脂糖凝胶和变性高效液相色谱（DHPLC,denaturing high performance liquid chromatography）技术分离PCR 产物,进行灵敏度分析,并用非转基因小麦京花1号籽粒、大豆籽粒、麦片、转基因小麦B7361加工成的油炸制品为样本,对建立的检测体系进行检测。结果表明,样品经多重PCR扩增和DHPLC分离后,能够得到准确可靠的转基因图谱。与凝胶电泳方法比较,本研究所建立的多重PCRDHPLC具有更高的检测通量和灵敏度(能够同时检测5个基因,灵敏度达到1 ng·μL-1),能够满足小麦转基因成分的高通量快速检测的要求,同时也为转基因产品检测提供了一种新的技术手段。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2021,(1)
发展转基因技术,占领转基因技术制高点,对增强我国农业国际竞争力具有重要意义;转基因技术及相关农产品国际贸易的快速发展,对转基因生物安全评估及监管提出了更高的要求。为此,编辑部特别邀请吴刚研究员组织本期专刊,旨在为我国转基因植物检测与安全评价提供更好的理论与技术支撑。主要内容包括新型转基因精准定量技术、标准物质研制、现场快速检测研究、分子特征验证等方面的研究论文和综述。 相似文献
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农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准是农业转基因生物安全管理必不可少的技术保障.截至2021年1月,农业部/农业农村部共发布了农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准47项.本文对我国农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准体系现状进行初步总结,对国内外农业转基因生物环境安全检测标准的发展现状进行比较,探讨了今后一段时间内农业转基因生物环境安全... 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献