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1.
夏季斑枯病是危害冷季型草坪草的主要病害之一，严重影响草坪质量，目前我国仍未有登记药剂防治夏季斑枯病。本研究结合室内毒力测定及田间防效检验，分析比较了嘧菌酯、稻瘟灵、丙环唑和甲基硫菌灵4种杀菌剂对夏季斑枯病菌的抑制效果，评估了药剂的田间防病效果。结果表明，丙环唑对供试的夏季斑枯病菌3株靶标菌抑制效果最佳，EC50为0.09~0.16 μg/mL；嘧菌酯次之，EC50为0.14~0.28 μg/mL；稻瘟灵和甲基硫菌灵抑制效果再次之。4种杀菌剂对夏季斑枯病害均具有较好的防控效果；其中50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂制剂用量800 g/hm2防控效果最佳，第4次药后17 d可达99.09%；25%丙环唑乳油制剂用量2 000 g/hm2防控效果次之，第4次药后17 d为93.14%。 相似文献
2.
福建省玉米小斑病菌对丙环唑、烯唑醇和咪鲜胺的敏感性 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为明确玉米小斑病菌对丙环唑、烯唑醇和咪鲜胺的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了自福建省15个市、县分离的185株玉米小斑病菌对3种药剂的敏感性。结果显示:供试菌株对丙环唑、烯唑醇和咪鲜胺的EC50值分别在0.0186~7.779、0.0416~22.32和0.0053~7.930μg/mL之间。敏感性频率分布图显示,玉米小斑病菌群体中已出现对丙环唑、烯唑醇和咪鲜胺敏感性降低的亚群体。以连续单峰频次分布的大多数菌株群体的EC50平均值(0.5199±0.0284)、(0.4079±0.0204)和(0.3818±0.0202)μg/mL分别作为玉米小斑病菌对丙环唑、烯唑醇和咪鲜胺的相对敏感基线,发现各有15.14%、20.00%和17.30%的菌株对丙环唑、烯唑醇和咪鲜胺产生了抗性,抗性倍数最高分别为14.96、54.71和20.77。玉米小斑病菌对3种杀菌剂之间具有显著的交互抗性,而丙环唑和烯唑醇之间的交互抗性相关系数最高,为0.8662。本研究结果可为田间玉米小斑病防控杀菌剂的合理使用提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
为明确7种杀菌剂对玉米小斑病菌CM-4的抑菌效果和玉米小斑病菌对戊唑醇和嘧菌酯的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了7种杀菌剂对菌株CM-4的抑菌效果,并根据初筛结果,对来自海南省8个市县的36株玉米小斑病菌进行戊唑醇和嘧菌酯的敏感性测定。结果显示:7种药剂中,430g/L戊唑醇SC和250g/L嘧菌酯SC的抑菌效果较好,70%甲基硫菌灵WP和50%多灵菌WP的抑菌效果较差。敏感性测定中,430g/L戊唑醇SC的EC50均值为7.389 2μg/mL,敏感性频率分布出现了2个明显的峰值,检验结果不符合正态分布,出现敏感性下降的菌株。250g/L嘧菌酯SC的敏感性频率分布呈现单一连续性曲线,检验结果符合正态分布,其EC50均值5.699 5μg/mL可作为玉米小斑病菌对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线。敏感性基线的建立可为病原菌抗性研究和监测提供基础数据,同时指导田间用药。 相似文献
4.
桃褐腐病菌(Monilinia fructicola)对3种杀菌剂的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生长速率法测定了采自北京平谷区3个桃园的125株桃褐腐病菌对甲基硫菌灵、戊唑醇和异菌脲3种杀菌剂的敏感性,发现甲基硫菌灵对桃褐腐病菌的EC50主要分布在1.0×10-5～0.2μg/mL,戊唑醇对桃褐腐病菌的EC50主要分布在0.006～0.022μg/mL之间。异菌脲对桃褐腐病菌的EC50主要分布在0.15～0.55μg/mL之间。研究结果表明,北京地区的桃褐腐病菌对这3种杀菌剂都比较敏感,未产生明显的抗药群体。建立了褐腐病菌对异菌脲抗药性的敏感基线。而且,数据分析表明:甲基硫菌灵、戊唑醇和异菌脲之间均不存在交互抗性。 相似文献
5.
长期施药果园中的苹果轮纹病菌对戊唑醇和甲基硫菌灵的敏感性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了监测果园中苹果轮纹病菌对戊唑醇和甲基硫菌灵敏感水平的变化,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了采集自山东烟台地区和北京市昌平区,有较长施药史苹果园中的苹果轮纹病菌对戊唑醇和甲基硫菌灵的敏感性。结果表明:戊唑醇对连续施用戊唑醇5年、每年施药1~2次的果园中苹果轮纹病菌的EC_(50)为0.017 4~0.114 3μg/mL,即该类果园中苹果轮纹病菌对此药的敏感性仍然保持在较高水平,与野生菌株的敏感性非常接近,没有出现敏感性分化的抗药亚群体;甲基硫菌灵对连续施用甲基硫菌灵10年、每年施药2次的果园中苹果轮纹病菌的EC_(50)为0.846 4~4.677 4μg/mL,果园中苹果轮纹病菌与野生菌株相比EC_(50)平均值约上升3.15倍,最低值和最高值分别是已报道敏感性基线的1.19倍和6.59倍,没有出现敏感性发生显著分化的抗药性亚群体。 相似文献
6.
梨黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性及与不同杀菌剂之间的交互抗性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用孢子芽管长度法,测定了采自河北省不同地区的88个梨黑星病菌 Venturia nashicola 菌株对氟硅唑的敏感性,并测定了10个相对敏感菌株和5个相对抗性菌株对甲基硫菌灵、醚菌酯、福美双和苯醚甲环唑的敏感性。结果表明:不同地区黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性存在一定差异,平均EC50值为(1.3821±0.9276)μg/mL;氟硅唑对未使用过麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂(EBI)类杀菌剂的75个梨黑星病菌菌株的平均EC50值为(1.1676±0.6128)μg/mL,最大值是最小值的16.91倍,其敏感性分布频率呈连续性单峰曲线,且符合正态分布,故可作为敏感基线用于监测田间梨黑星病菌对氟硅唑的敏感性变化。不同菌株对5种药剂的敏感性相互关系分析表明,氟硅唑和苯醚甲环唑之间呈显著正相关,但与醚菌酯、甲基硫菌灵和福美双之间均不存在交互抗性关系。 相似文献
7.
辽宁省黄瓜靶斑病菌对苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇的敏感性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了2013年采集分离自辽宁省8个地区的101株黄瓜靶斑病病原菌群体对三唑类杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇的敏感性。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑对101株黄瓜靶斑病菌的EC50值范围为1.062~18.918μg/mL,相差16.814倍,平均EC50值为(7.109±4.578)μg/mL;戊唑醇对上述菌株的EC50值范围为1.624~21.708μg/mL,相差12.367倍,平均EC50值为(9.398±4.944)μg/mL。田间尚未出现对2种杀菌剂产生抗药性的菌株。不同地区间黄瓜靶斑病菌对苯醚甲环唑和戊唑醇的敏感性无显著差异。 相似文献
8.
9.
福建省玉米小斑病菌对异菌脲和吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性及其田间防效 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确中国福建省玉米小斑病菌对二甲酰亚胺类和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的敏感性及其田间防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法,分别测定了两类杀菌剂的代表药剂异菌脲和吡唑醚菌酯对分离自该省7个玉米产区的73株玉米小斑病菌的毒力。结果表明,供试菌株对异菌脲和吡唑醚菌酯均较为敏感,其EC50值范围分别为0.168~2.990和0.017~6.583 μg/mL,平均值分别为（1.003±0.533）和（1.437±1.490）μg/mL,其敏感性频率分布均为连续单峰曲线,符合正态分布,因此可将该平均EC50值（1.003±0.533）和（1.437±1.490）μg/mL分别作为福建省玉米小斑病菌对异菌脲和吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线。田间防效试验表明,采用有效剂量分别为750和150 g/hm2的50%异菌脲悬浮剂（SC）和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油（EC）,分别喷施2次,对玉米小斑病的防效均较好,分别为61.51%~70.69%和69.54%~78.98%,与喷施2次有效剂量为150 g/hm2的25%丙环唑EC的防效相当,且均高于喷施2次有效剂量分别为1 875和2 000 g/hm2的75%百菌清可湿性粉剂（WP）和80%代森锰锌WP的防效。研究结果可为田间玉米小斑病化学防治有效药剂的选择与合理使用提供科学依据,同时为玉米小斑病菌对这两种药剂的田间抗药性风险评估及抗性监测奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
黄瓜白粉病菌对甲基硫菌灵的敏感性及室内抗性突变体生物学性状 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确山西省黄瓜白粉病菌对甲基硫菌灵的抗药性现状,采用叶盘漂浮法测定了不同地区119株菌株对甲基硫菌灵的敏感性,用紫外线照射和药剂驯化方式诱导获得了甲基硫菌灵抗性突变体,并比较了亲本菌株与突变体的生物学性状。结果表明,119株菌株的EC50在0.48~14.37μg/m L之间,平均EC50为2.89±2.69μg/m L。不同地区菌株敏感性差异较大,采自未使用过任何杀菌剂的忻州市菌株敏感性最高,平均EC50为1.03±0.27μg/m L,可作为黄瓜白粉病菌对甲基硫菌灵的敏感基线;运城市菌株敏感性最低,平均EC50为7.02±3.12μg/m L,其中菌株YC01的EC50是敏感基线的13.98倍。3株室内诱导突变体均为高抗,突变体XZ11-2的抗性倍数达到94.96倍,抗性突变频率为1.5×10-3。无药剂处理条件下,突变体的侵染频率、病情指数、产孢量和孢子萌发率均显著低于亲本敏感菌株;抗∶感菌株分生孢子以80∶20混合培养7代后,抗性菌株频率变化不明显;以20∶80混合培养7代后,抗性频率降低甚至消失。表明黄瓜白粉病菌对甲基硫菌灵的抗性在选择压力低的情况下有可能丧失。 相似文献
11.
ABSTRACT One hundred monoascosporic isolates of Mycosphaerella fijiensis were collected in February and November 1994 from each of two banana (Musa spp.) plantations in Costa Rica. Locations at San Pablo and Coopecariari had been sprayed with propiconazole for the past 7 years to control black Sigatoka. One hundred monoascosporic isolates from a third location, San Carlos, with no history of fungicide use, also were tested for sensitivity to propiconazole. Fifty percent effective concentration (EC(50)) values were calculated for individual isolates by regressing the relative inhibition of colony growth against the natural logarithm of the fungicide concentration. In the February sample, the mean EC(50) values for San Pablo and Coopecariari populations were 0.06 and 0.05 mug a.i. ml(-1), respectively, which were not statistically different (P = 0.05). The mean EC(50) value of the population at San Carlos was 0.008 mug a.i. ml(-1), which was significantly lower (P = 0.001) than the mean EC(50) values obtained at San Pablo and Coopecariari. Frequency distributions of EC(50) values of isolates from the three populations collected in February showed that 80% of isolates from San Pablo and Coopecariari had EC(50) values greater than the highest EC(50) value from San Carlos, indicating a significant shift in reduced sensitivity to propiconazole. Isolates collected in November 1994, after eight treatments of propiconazole at San Pablo and Coopecariari, showed a significant increase in mean EC(50) values compared with the means observed in February. The high proportion of isolates with reduced sensitivity to propiconazole may account for the unsatisfactory control of black Sigatoka between 1992 and 1993 in the two banana plantations at San Pablo and Coopecariari. 相似文献
12.
马铃薯早疫病菌对咯菌腈的敏感基线及其对不同药剂的交互抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了河北省马铃薯主产区的122株早疫病菌Alternaria alternata对咯菌腈的敏感性,并测定了紫外诱导的15个抗咯菌腈突变菌株及其3个敏感亲本菌株对咯菌腈、异菌脲、腐霉利、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性。田间马铃薯早疫病菌群体对咯菌腈保持高度敏感,122株早疫病菌对咯菌腈的EC50值在0.0025~0.0857 μg/mL之间,平均值为0.0404±0.0171 μg/mL,相差34.87倍,呈近似正态分布,可作为早疫病菌对咯菌腈的敏感基线。此外,咯菌腈与吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑之间无交互抗性关系,而与异菌脲和腐霉利之间存在正交互抗性关系。在田间药效试验中,50%咯菌腈WP施药量为105、115 g/hm2时,对马铃薯早疫病防效达80%以上,显著高于常规药剂80%代森锰锌WP 1 350 g/hm2和25%丙环唑EC 37.5 g/hm2的防效。表明咯菌腈可作为吡唑醚菌酯和苯醚甲环唑的替代药剂用于马铃薯早疫病的防治。 相似文献
13.
为明确河南省小麦纹枯病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了咯菌腈对2013年从河南省15个地市分离的98株病菌的毒力。结果表明:咯菌腈对供试小麦纹枯病菌菌株的EC50值在0.009~0.079 μg/mL之间,平均EC50值为(0.025 ±0.012)μg/mL;98个菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性分布呈连续单峰曲线,未出现敏感性下降的亚群体,可将(0.025 ±0.012)μg/mL作为小麦纹枯病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性基线;方差分析(LSD法)及SPSS聚类结果均显示,同一地市内的菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性差异较大,EC50最大值和最小值之比在1.0~4.1之间,而不同地区菌株间对咯菌腈敏感性差异不明显,咯菌腈EC50平均值变化范围在0.015~0.060 μg/mL之间,后者是前者的4倍;小麦纹枯病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性与其对噻呋酰胺、苯醚甲环唑、井冈霉素、丙环唑及戊唑醇的敏感性之间无明显相关性。本研究结果可为河南省小麦纹枯病防控杀菌剂的合理使用提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT The fitness and the dynamics of demethylation inhibitor fungicide (DMI) sensitivity in isolates of Monilinia fructicola sensitive (no growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) and resistant (>/=50% relative growth at 0.3 mg/liter propiconazole) to propiconazole were investigated. Overall, there was no considerable compromise in the fitness of resistant isolates compared to sensitive isolates of M. fructicola at the time of collection. Resistant and sensitive isolates differed in their sensitivity to propiconazole (P < 0.001) and incubation period (P = 0.044), but not in latent period, growth rate, spore production, and spore germination frequency (P > 0.05). Consecutive transferring on potato dextrose agar had an impact on conidia production, conidial germination, and growth rate (P < 0.0001). Consecutive transferring also had an impact on propiconazole sensitivity in resistant isolates. In the resistant isolates, sensitivity to propiconazole increased (R(2) = 0.960, P = 0.0034) within the first eight transfers. Similarly, sensitivity to propiconazole increased by 273% over the course of 34 months in cold storage in propiconazole-resistant isolates. Our results show that propiconazole resistance is unstable in vitro and that standard subculturing and cold storage procedures impact propiconazole sensitivity of resistant isolates. The instability of propiconazole resistance in M. fructicola may have important implications for disease management in that a reversion to propiconazole sensitivity could potentially occur in the absence of DMI fungicide pressure in the field. 相似文献
15.
采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法，分别测定了烟草灰霉病菌对多菌灵、嘧霉胺、异菌脲和丙环唑的敏感性，同时通过离体叶片法评估了这4种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病的保护和治疗作用。结果表明:4种杀菌剂对烟草灰霉病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均表现出了不同程度的抑制活性，并对灰霉病同时具有保护和治疗作用。其中多菌灵对菌丝生长的抑制活性最强，EC50平均值为0.06 mg/L，其次为丙环唑、嘧霉胺和异菌脲，EC50平均值分别为0.36、0.53和0.60 mg/L；异菌脲和丙环唑对烟草灰霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制活性较强，EC50平均值分别为2.05和2.21 mg/L，其次为嘧霉胺和多菌灵，EC50平均值分别为10.56和131.23 mg/L。异菌脲和多菌灵对灰霉病的保护作用和治疗作用均最强，当药剂质量浓度为200 mg/L时，其对离体叶片的保护和治疗作用防效分别为100%、100%和98.3%、91.8%。研究结果可为烟草灰霉病的科学防治提供依据。 相似文献
16.
Xin Liu Yanni Yin Leiyan Yan Themis J. Michailides Zhonghua Ma 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(2):106-112
Baseline sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of stem rot of rapeseed, to a dicarboximide fungicide iprodione was determined using 50 isolates (historic population) collected in 2001 from the rapeseed fields without a previous history of dicarboximide usage. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values to iprodione of these wild-type isolates ranged from 0.163 to 0.734 μg/ml with a mean of 0.428 μg/ml. In 2007 and 2008, 111 isolates (current population) were collected from rapeseed fields with 4–5 years of iprodione application. The EC50 values of these 111 isolates ranged from 0.117 to 0.634 μg/ml. The historic and current populations were not significantly (P > 0.05) different in sensitivity to iprodione. The EC50 values of these 161 isolates to a carboxamide fungicide boscalid ranged from 0.002 to 0.391 μg/ml with a mean of 0.042 μg/ml. In the laboratory, three iprodione-resistant (IR) isolates HA17-IR, SZ31-IR, and SZ45-IR were induced from wild-type isolates HA17, SZ31, and SZ45, respectively. The EC50 values of the IR isolates were 200-fold higher than those of the original wild-type parents. The IR isolates showed an increase in osmotic sensitivity. The IR isolate HA17-IR lost its ability to produce sclerotia, and showed a significantly lower virulence on rapeseed leaves than its parent isolate HA17. In contrast, the IR isolate SZ31-IR had a significantly higher virulence than its wild-type parent SZ31. PCR assays showed that the partial two-component histidine kinase (os-1) gene, which is the putative target gene of iprodione, was deleted in the low virulent IR isolate HA17-IR. DNA sequence analysis showed that each of the other two IR isolates SZ31-IR and SZ45-IR had two point mutations in their partial os-1 genes. These results indicate that the mutations in os-1 gene may be associated with dicarboximide sensitivity, sclerotial development, and virulence in S. sclerotiorum. 相似文献
17.
In late 2003, nine populations of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Ontario Canada (seven of which had been previously sampled in early 1994, prior to the registration of sterol demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides for turf disease control in Canada) were sampled and tested for sensitivity to propiconazole. Four of the nine populations had not been treated with DMI fungicides during the intervening years, and isolates from these locations were sensitive to propiconazole (geometric mean EC50 values of 0·005–0·012 µ g mL−1 , compared with 0·005–0·008 µ g mL−1 for the original 1994 populations). Among the five populations from 2003 that had been exposed to DMI fungicides, mean EC50 values were significantly greater, ranging from 0·020 to 0·048 µ g mL−1 . A significant correlation of determination was found between estimated number of fungicide applications and log EC50 ( R 2 = 0·832, P = 0·0001), and the equation predicted that 42·3 applications of propiconazole would be needed to bring a sensitive population (EC50 < 0·01 µ g mL−1 ) to a resistant level (EC50 > 0·10 µ g mL−1 ). Fungicide sensitivity vs. duration of fungicide efficacy was also tested, and it was found that isolates with decreased sensitivity were able to more quickly overcome the inhibitory effects of fungicide application, reducing the duration of control from 3 weeks to 2 weeks. 相似文献
18.
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了闽南地区4个薏米产区72株薏米叶斑病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性，并通过室内盆栽试验测试了吡唑醚菌酯对薏米叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明:吡唑醚菌酯对供试菌株的EC50值范围为1.11~5.06 μg/mL，平均值为 (3.44 ± 0.98) μg/mL，且其EC50值频率分布为连续单峰曲线，符合正态分布，因此可将该EC50平均值作为闽南地区薏米叶斑病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线。盆栽防效结果表明，喷施有效剂量为250 μg/mL的25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油对薏米叶斑病的防治效果 (78.2%~79.7%) 较好，与喷施有效剂量为500 μg/mL的50%异菌脲悬浮剂的防治效果相当，显著高于喷施有效剂量为800 μg/mL的80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂的防治效果。本研究结果为薏米叶斑病化学防治有效药剂的选择与合理使用提供了依据。 相似文献