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1.
Summary Crosses were made between wheat varieties Joss Cambier, Nord Desprez and Maris Bilbo, all classified as susceptible to yellow rust in field tests, and between Cappelle Desprez and Maris Huntsman, both classified as moderately and durably resistant. Selection for resistance to yellow rust among the progeny was carried out using races of Puccinia striiformis able to overcome all the known race-specific components of resistance in both parents of each cross. Lines with greater resistance than in both parents were obtained from each cross, those with greatest resistance being obtained from the cross between the moderately resistant parents. Three lines selected for resistance from the cross of Joss Cambier with Nord Desprez and one from the cross of Cappelle Desprez with Maris Huntsman, together with the parents, were tested in the field with 12 races of P. striiformis. Nord Desprez possessed a previously undetected race-specific component. The selected lines also displayed race-specific resistance, some of which was clearly related to race-specificity of the parents, and a component of resistance, greater than in both parents, that was effective against all 12 races. The possible origin and potential durability of this transgressive level of resistance is discussed. It is suggested that such transgressive resistance is more likely to be durable if it is derived from parents that have shown durable resistance. 相似文献
2.
Doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture of two Iranian spring wheat genotypes‘Ghods’susceptible and‘9106’resistant to yellow rust in Iranian field conditions, and their F1 hybrids were used in this study. Seedlings of 36 doubled haploid lines, selected out of 96 according to their agronomic traits and the two parental genotypes were inoculated with eight races of yellow rust. The parental genotypes (‘Ghods’and‘9106’) were segregating for some of the races but their doubled haploid lines were either resistant or susceptible to them.‘Ghods’was susceptible to three of the races studied but three doubled haploid lines derived from it were resistant to them. Five selected doubled haploids from the‘9106’genotype and six from F1 hybrid plants were resistant to all eight races tested. After further investigations in Iranian field conditions it was found that some of these lines can be used as donor genotypes for resistance to yellow rust in wheat breeding programmes. Use of these genotypes should be possible if the French yellow rust races used for selection also represent the dominant races in Iran. It can be concluded that anther culture provides an efficient method for fixing genes of resistance to yellow rust and desirable doubled haploids from F1 plants can be derived. 相似文献
3.
Characterization of the durable resistance to yellow rust in old winter wheat cultivars in the Netherlands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Winter wheat cultivars released in the Netherlands before 1930 carried durable resistance to yellow rust. Cultivars released in the period between 1930 and 1950 often were durably resistant while recent cultivars infrequently showed durable resistance. This durable resistance was not difficult to transfer to new cultivars. Twenty nine older cultivars with durable resistance and eight recent non-durably resistant cultivars were tested in the seedling stage and in the adult plant stage against 12 West-European yellow rust races and against some non-European races in the seedling stage only. The adult plant tests were carried out in race nursery tests in the Flevopolder. Per race nursery all 37 cultivars, planted in hills of about 20 plants on both sides of the highly susceptible cv. Michigan Amber, were exposed to one race.The infection type of each cultivar-race combination was scored on 0 to 9 scale once in the seedling stage and twice in the adult plant stage. In the race nurseries the percentage leaf area affected was evaluated three times to be used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). This AUDPC multiplied with the mean infection type in the field gave the susceptibility index (SI).The infection types were classified into resistant (R), intermediate (I) or susceptible (S) when the infection types were 0 to 3, 4 to 6 or 7 to 9, respectively. Four categories of resistance were discerned on the basis of the three infection type scores: 1) RRR, overall resistance; complete or near-complete resistant at all stages. 2) SRR, adult plant resistance, complete- or near-complete resistant at the adult plant stage only. 3) SRS and SSR, temperature sensitive resistance, the resistance changed from the one evaluation data to the other. 4) SSS and an SI lower than that of Michigan Amber, partial resistance.The frequencies of overall, adult plant and temperature sensitive resistance were 1.4, 52 and 54% in the older cultivars and 40, 62 and 22% in the recent ones, respectively. Among the older cultivars all had a fair to high level of partial resistance, the SI being on average only 20% of that of Michigan Amber, while most cultivars also seemed to carry temperature sensitive resistance. The partial resistance of the recent cultivars was of a much lower level with a mean SI compared to that of Michigan Amber of 61%. Partial resistance was highly correlated (r = –0.94) with the mean resistance scores from the Dutch Recommended Cultivars Lists. It was concluded that partial resistance and temperature sensitive resistance were the major components of the durable resistance in the older cultivars. 相似文献
4.
Z. M. Ziyaev R. C. Sharma K. Nazari A. I. Morgounov A. A. Amanov Z. F. Ziyadullaev Z. I. Khalikulov S. M. Alikulov 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):197-207
Wheat is the most important cereal in Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) and the
Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia). Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is considered the most important disease of wheat in Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC). Although stripe rust has been present
in the region for a long time, it has become a serious constraint to wheat production in the past 10 years. This is reflected
by the occurrence of five epidemics of stripe rust in the CAC region since 1999, the most recent in 2010. Several wheat varieties
occupying substantial areas are either susceptible to stripe rust or possess a low level of resistance. Information on the
stripe rust pathogen in terms of prevalent races and epidemiology is not readily available. Furthermore, there is an insufficient
understanding of effective stripe rust resistance genes in the region, and little is known about the resistance genes present
in the commercial varieties and advanced breeding lines. The deployment of resistant varieties is further complicated by putative
changes in virulence in the pathogen population in different parts of the CAC. Twenty four out of 49 improved wheat lines
received through international nurseries or other exchange programs showed high levels of resistance to stripe rust to local
pathogen populations in 2009. Fifteen of the 24 stripe rust resistant lines also possessed resistance to powdery mildew. It
is anticipated that this germplasm will play an important role in developing stripe rust resistant wheat varieties either
through direct adoption or using them as parents in breeding programs. 相似文献
5.
78份四川小麦育成品种(系)条锈病抗性鉴定与抗条锈病基因分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川省是小麦条锈菌新小种产生的重要地区之一,了解2016年以来四川小麦育成品种(系)对当前流行的条锈菌生理小种和致病类型的抗性水平以及明确其抗条锈病基因的分布状况,可为四川育种防控小麦抗条锈病和品种布局提供理论依据。本研究选择2个小种CYR32和CYR34对78份四川小麦育成品种(系)进行苗期鉴定,利用当前小麦条锈菌优势小种CYR32、CYR33、CYR34,以及贵22-14、贵农致病类群等混合菌进行成株期人工接种鉴定,并利用19个抗条锈病QTL和基因QYr.nwafu-4BL、Yr5、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr36、Yr39、Yr41、Yr48、Yr65、Yr67、Yr78、Yr80和Yr81的分子标记对供试材料进行抗条锈病基因检测。结果表明,在78份供试材料的苗期鉴定中,对CYR32表现出抗性的有60份,占76.92%;对CYR34表现出抗性的有40份,占51.28%;同时对CYR32和CYR34表现抗性的有36份,占46.15%。78份小麦品种(系)在成株期均表现抗条锈病,其中绵麦835、蜀麦1743、蜀麦1829和蜀麦1868表现为免疫。苗期和成株期抗病性鉴定结果表明,成株期抗性材料有42份,占53.85%;全生育期抗性材料有36份,占46.15%。分子检测结果表明,可能携带QYr.nwafu-4BL、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr39、Yr41、Yr65、Yr67、Yr78、Yr80和Yr81的材料分别有5、5、45、2、30、5、30、39、3、2、22、8、23、6和24份。同时携带2~6个抗条锈病基因的聚合材料分别有24、22、11、14和3份,占94.87%。所有供试品种(系)均未检测到Yr5、Yr10、Yr36和Yr48,仅西科麦18未检测到上述19个抗条锈病基因,可能携带其他已知或新的条锈病抗性基因。本研究鉴定了78份四川小麦育成品种(系)对条锈病抗性水平整体较好,明确了其携带的抗条锈病基因,为利用其培育持久抗性小麦品种提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Past,present and future opportunities in breeding for disease resistance,with examples from wheat 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Roy Johnson 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):3-22
Summary This introductory chapter contains some general comments about plant breeding and breeding for disease resistance. The use of disease resistant crop plants is an environmentally favourable method of controlling disease but the process of breeding for disease resistance is subject to several constraints. Among them is the variability of pathogens in relation to host resistance. Some parts of this variation can be resolved into gene-for-gene interactions, but the boundaries within which such interactions can be detected are not sharp. The discussion of this variation is illustrated by reference to some important diseases of wheat, especially yellow rust, septoria and eyespot. The objective of obtaining durable resistance is discussed and some contributions of new genetical and molecular techniques to breeding for resistance are considered. It is suggested that new technology will enhance breeding for disease resistance but that established techniques of plant breeding will remain relevant and important. 相似文献
7.
R. N. Sawhney 《Euphytica》1987,36(1):49-54
Summary Variation for resistance toPuccinia graminis f.sp.tritici, P. recondita f.sp.tritici andP. striiformis was induced in theTriticum aestivum cultivar Lalbahadur using nitrosomethyl urea. Variations were isolated from the M2 population in the post-seedling stage in the field when infected with a mixture of races of each of the three rusts. Plants exhibiting simultaneous resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust were indentified. Repeated screening in the subsequent generations confirmed the resistance of the mutant lines that are morphologically similar to the parental cultivar. The rust resistance of 20 mutant lines was also confirmed at the seedling stage using individual races of stem rust and leaf rust. The different patterns observed in the mutant lines tested against a wide range of races show that these lines can be used as components of a multiline. The patterns of variation compared with those of the known genes for resistance against the Indian races of the pathogens suggest that the mutations for rust resistance are due to factor different from those already known in bread wheat, providing a broadened genetic base for future breeding programmes. 相似文献
8.
Seedling resistance to stem rust race Ug99 and marker analysis for Sr2, Sr24 and Sr31 in South African wheat cultivars and lines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The appearance and spread of races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with virulence for the Sr31 resistance gene has renewed interest in breeding for durable resistance to stem rust of wheat. Since the occurrence of stem
rust has been low in South Africa until the detection of race TTKSF in 2000, breeding for resistance to this disease has not
been a primary objective. The aim of this study was to test bread wheat cultivars and lines at the seedling stage for their
infection response to stem rust, thus determining their level of resistance or vulnerability. A collection of 65 bread wheat
entries was tested with one USA race, two Eastern African races, and three South African races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. The Eastern African and South African races all belong to the Ug99 lineage. The cultivars Duzi, Caledon, Elands, PAN 3364,
PAN 3191, SST 047, SST 399, and Steenbras produced resistant infection types (IT < 3) to all races. The molecular marker Sr24#50
indicated the presence of Sr24 in 12 entries. In cultivars resistant to TTTTF, TTKSF, and TTKSP but susceptible to TTKSK and PTKST, the iag95 DNA marker
indicated the presence of Sr31 in five wheat lines. Using the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker csSr2, Sr2 was detected in PAN 3377, Inia, and Steenbras. Few South African wheat cultivars appear to have a broad-based resistance
to stem rust, as 88% of the entries were susceptible as seedlings to at least one of the races tested. Diversification of
resistance sources and more directed breeding for stem rust resistance are needed in South Africa. 相似文献
9.
Summary An extensive collection of wild emmer was screened for yellow rust resistance in a joint project by research institutes in Israel and The Netherlands. In inoculation experiments performed both in seedling stage and at maturity, the wild emmer accessions displayed a diversity of responses to yellow rust infection, ranging from immunity to complete susceptibility.SelectionTriticum dicoccoides var.aaronsohni G-25 was most promising proving highly resistant to all 21 races and field races used. Selection G-7, which was also very resistant in the trials, differed slightly from G-25 in infection types produced on inoculation with one of the isolates; this may be an indication that the genetic factors controlling resistance in these two selections are not identical.It is concluded that the diversified populations of wild emmer indigenous to Israel possess genes which confer high resistance to a very wide spectrum of yellow rust races, including all common races in Western Europe and the Middle East. As resistance factors can be transferred easily fromT. dicoccoides to durum and common wheat, this source may be utilized in producing varieties of cultivated wheat with improved yellow rust resistance.Joint contribution from the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet Dagan, Israel, 1969 Series, No. 1594-E, and the Institute of Phytopathological Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 相似文献
10.
The control of adult-plant resistance to yellow rust by the translocated chromosome 5BS-7BS of bread wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The reciprocal translocation 5BL-7BL and 5BS-7BS was widespread in West European wheats 30 years ago, and is probably present in many of their descendants today. In varieties with a history of durable adult-plant resistance to yellow rust and carrying this translocation, removal of the 5BS-7BS chromosome gave adult plants which were much more susceptible. It was suggested that this chromosome might therefore carry the gene(s) responsible for a major part of their resistance and possibly their durability. To test this, a series of lines was developed in which 5BS-7BS chromosomes from both resistant and susceptible varieties were substituted into a number of the durably resistant varieties. In every case, the substituted 5BS-7BS chromosome, irrespective of origin, was found to produce the resistant phenotype, indicating that background chromosomes were responsible for the differences between the varieties. The resistance and durability of the resistant varieties cannot therefore be due solely to the translocated chromosome. In similar experiments, the 5BS and 7BS arms from varieties not carrying the translocation were substituted into a variety carrying the translocation. In each instance, the lines with the substituted arms were much more susceptible than their recipient, confirming the major effect of the 5BS-7BS chromosome on resistance. The complete correlation between the translocation and resistance and between increased susceptibility and its absence suggests that the gene(s) for adult-plant resistance, located on the 5BS-7BS chromosome, may be closely linked to the break point. Alternatively, it may be a consequence of the close relatedness of some of the varieties. The presence of this gene(s) might be a factor explaining the prevalence of this translocation in some West European wheats. 相似文献
11.
Summary Lines of spelt were found to be either resistant to all races of yellow rust used or susceptible to these races. Resistant lines could possibly be used as a source of yellow rust resistance of bread wheat. 相似文献
12.
近年来,小麦叶锈病发生有加重趋势,培育抗病品种是减轻小麦叶锈病危害的环保有效途径。用12个小麦品种及35个含已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品系在苗期接种19个不同毒性的叶锈菌生理小种,通过基因推导和系谱分析发掘待测品种中的抗叶锈病基因,并通过分子标记检测进一步验证;在田间接种强毒性混合生理小种,进行成株期病情严重度与普遍率调查,筛选慢锈性品种。结果表明,在石新828、百农3217、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共9个品种中检测到Lr1、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37和Lr46共5个抗叶锈病基因,其中部分品种中发现多个抗性基因。成株期筛选出百农3217、平阳27、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、碧蚂4号、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共10个慢叶锈性品种,其中碧蚂4号和小偃6号等品种是我国小麦育种的骨干亲本,探究这些品种中的抗病基因对培育小麦抗叶锈病品种具有重要意义。 相似文献
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小麦品种小偃9323抗条锈基因的遗传分析和分子作图 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小偃9323是小偃6号的同源材料,具有早熟、抗逆性强、适应性广、抗条锈性强等许多优良的生物学特性。为明确其抗条锈性及遗传规律,利用当前流行的中国条锈菌小种CYR32对抗病品种小偃9323与感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并对其抗条锈基因进行SSR分子标记。结果表明,小偃9323对CYR32小种具有良好的抗性,由1对隐性基因所控制。利用F2代分离群体,筛选到6个与抗病基因连锁的SSR标记,分别是Xwmc807、Xbarc3、Xwmc684、Xwmc201、Xwmc553和Xwmc179;该抗病基因位于小麦6AL染色体上,其最近的标记为Xwmc201和Xwmc553,遗传距离分别是2.6 cM和3.7 cM。分析表明,该基因不同于已知抗条锈基因,暂被命名为YrXY9323。用YrXY9323两侧遗传距离最近的标记Xwmc201和Xwmc553对42个黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种进行分子检测,结果表明有19%的品种具有与YrXY9323相同的标记位点。本结果对YrXY9323在小麦抗条锈病育种中的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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用7个我国当前流行的条锈菌生理小种评价中梁21的苗期条锈抗性,结果表明该品种对我国优势流行小种具有良好的抗性。采用CYR30小种对中梁21与铭贤169杂交的F1、BC1、F2及F3代群体进行遗传分析,并利用SSR分子标记进行遗传作图,发现中梁21对CYR30的抗性由1个显性基因控制,暂命名为Yrzhong21。该基因与位于小麦5AL染色体上的10个SSR位点Xgwm186、Xbarc165、Xwmc795、Xbarc40、Xgwm156、Xgwm617、Xwmc415、Xbarc151、Xwmc338和Xgwm666连锁,其中最近的侧翼位点为Xgwm186和Xbarc165,其遗传距离分别是7.5 cM和2.7 cM。系谱分析及结合分子标记结果表明,该基因可能来自Ciemenp。与已定位于5A染色体上的抗条锈病基因的比较表明,Yrzhong21可能是一个抗条锈病的新基因。用标记Xgwm186和Xbarc165检测中梁系列品种,其中仅17%扩增到与中梁21相同的位点,表明该基因在抗条锈病育种中可能有很大的应用潜力。 相似文献
17.
Race-specificity of temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis in Triticum dicoccoides 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Twenty-four entries of wild emmer possessing temperature-sensitive genes for resistance to yellow rust were studied in the seedling stage, at two temperature-profiles, with 15 pathogenic races from 11 countries in South America, Africa, Asia and Europe. It was shown that the majority of the resistance genes in these wild emmer entries were race-specific. In most of these entries a more resistant reaction was displayed at the higher temperature-profile; however in three entries a shift in reaction towards resistance was observed with certain races but towards susceptibility with some of the other races, suggesting that two different kinds of temperature-sensitive genes were involved in each of these entries. The similarity of temperature-sensitive genes occurring in wild emmer and in cultivated wheat is discussed. 相似文献
18.
山西省近年审定小麦品种的综合性状分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给小麦育种和生产提供借鉴,对2013-2017年山西省审定的41个小麦品种进行产量、品质与抗病性分析。结果表明,各麦区审定小麦品种平均产量年度间虽有波动,但总体均呈逐步上升趋势。南部水地和中部水地审定小麦品种产量三因素中穗数变异系数均为最大,南部旱地和中部旱地审定品种则是穗粒数变异系数均为最大,因此,水地小麦育种应在提高穗数的基础上,协调提高穗粒数和千粒重;旱地小麦育种应在提高穗粒数的基础上,提高穗数和千粒重。从品质类型看,强筋和中强筋小麦比例很少,中筋小麦比例较多,区组间品质差别较大,达标品种（包括强筋、中强筋和中筋）比例由高到低的顺序依次为南部水地>南部旱地>中部水地>中部旱地。审定品种的蛋白质和湿面筋含量指标均相对较高,但有61.0%的品种面团稳定时间较短,低于中筋小麦标准,故应把提高面团稳定时间作为品质育种的主攻方向。山西省近年审定品种总体的抗病性较差,没有兼抗两种病害的品种,条锈病、叶锈病和白粉病抗病品种占审定品种比例分别为2.4%、0和12.2%。需要引进抗病资源,同步提高产量和品质水平,培育优质、高产、多抗的小麦新品种。 相似文献
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Summary Hexaploid and octoploid tritordeums and their parents Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. were screened for resistance to isolates of wheat and barley yellow and brown rusts. All H. chilense lines were highly resistant to both wheat and barley brown rust, few lines were susceptible to wheat yellow rust while susceptibility to barley yellow rust was common. In general the resistance of tritordeum is predominantly contributed by the wheat parent and apparently the genes for resistance in H. chilense are inhibited in their expression by the presence of the wheat genome.Abbreviations WYR
wheat yellow rust
- WBR
wheat brown rust
- BYR
barley yellow rust
- BBR
barley brown rust 相似文献