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抗感菌核病油菜品种对草酸的吸收和转运差异 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了菌核病抗性不同的油菜品种对草酸的吸收和转运差异。经预处理后的3～4叶期油菜苗的根放进14C—草酸钾浓液（pH5）中，在20±0．2℃，6000Lux下处理4h。草酸钾浓度和放射性比度分别为5mmol／L和5μCi／ml。放射自显影和放射性强度测定结果表明：油菜对草酸有明显的吸收作用，高抗品种，如中R－888其放射性物质主要分布在叶脉中，表现为限制放射性物质的转运；感病品种，如84039放射性物质在叶片中分布较均匀。高感品种吸收的放射性物质是高抗品种的4倍以上，低抗和低感品种介于高抗和高感品种之间。 相似文献
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依据《中华人民共和国种子法》,从2017年5月起,我国对油菜品种由原来的审定管理改为登记管理。截至2021年7月,我国共登记油菜品种1212个。为掌握我国油菜品种选育水平,围绕产业需求指明育种创新方向,更好地发挥品种登记制度作用,本文分析了我国油菜登记品种现状,提出了有关建议。研究发现,登记品种中新选育品种占比近一半,几乎全部为国内自主选育品种（仅1个为境外引进）,主要由主产区省份登记,以甘蓝型杂交品种为主,抗寒性受到更多关注,抗病性增强,含油量提升明显,品质明显改良,但也存在多数品种未申请品种权保护、短生育期品种较少等问题。针对存在的问题,围绕产业发展需求,本文建议在完善品种登记制度的基础上,要尽快修订品种登记办法及指南,加强事后监管;在品种选育创新方向上,要加强生育期短、适宜机械化种植和菜用、肥用、饲用等多用途品种的选育,从而推动我国油菜产业高质量发展。 相似文献
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我国油菜生产形势分析及科研对策研究 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
分析了我国油菜生产的现状和存在的问题,提出了油菜科研对策:(1)加强油菜杂种优势利用研究,进一步提高油菜产量;(2)挖掘高含油量油菜资源,加强油脂形成的基础研究,进一步提高油菜的含油量;(3)改善菜籽油脂肪酸组成,改良其营养品质,提高商业价值;(4)加强早熟品种和适合机械化收获品种的培育;(5)加大油菜转基因研究。 相似文献
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为了筛选磷高效优异种质，研究油菜磷高效遗传，以甘蓝型油菜自然群体400个品种为试验材料，通过营养液培养方法进行了两轮苗期磷效率评估（分别命名为试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ）。该群体在低磷和正常磷处理下地上部干重、根系干重、根冠比、主根长和磷效率系数均呈现正态分布特征，品种间存在较大的基因型变异。以低磷处理地上部干重和磷效率系数为筛选指标，在试验Ⅰ中分别筛选出磷高效和低效候选品种各17份和13份，在试验Ⅱ中分别筛选出磷高效和低效候选品种各17份和18份。结合试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ，确定苗期磷高效候选品种32份，磷低效候选品种31份，可用以开展后续研究。 相似文献
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油菜是我国重要的油料作物,长江中游地区湖北、湖南、江西三省光温资源丰富、越冬春化条件适宜,是我国油菜的主要种植区,播种面积约占全国总面积的42%,且保有冬闲田面积超3467千公顷,极具发展潜力。长江中游地区三省油菜耕种收综合机械化率均高于全国平均水平,全程机械化发展在全国冬油菜产区具有引领示范作用。为此,本文分析了长江中游地区油菜产业的基本情况和现存问题,对耕整地、播种、收获关键环节机械化和智能化技术进行梳理,形成可推广的油菜生产全程机械化技术路线。比较分析该地区冬闲田油菜生产“耕、种、收”环节的技术需求特点、推广应用难点,明确该地区冬闲田油菜生产技术模式呈半机械化、机械化到智能化的发展趋势。各环节的技术发展路径依次为“防堵防黏防缠绕、高速高效低耗”的机械化耕整地技术,一次性完成多道作业工序的耕播集成技术,高效低耗低损的油菜机械化收获技术,联合收获和分段收获协同发展,油菜多功能开发利用的饲用、菜用、肥用机械化技术和油菜生产智能化技术应加快研发应用。为积极响应国家油料作物扩种的要求和实现2025年油菜机械化水平提升的目标,提出了长江中游地区冬闲田油菜全程机械化技术推广应用的若干政策建议。 相似文献
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四川盆地主栽油菜品种菌核病抗性评价及稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摘要：采用人工茎秆菌丝接种法对四川省33个主栽油菜品种进行了连续3年菌核病抗性评价和稳定性研究,以川油21为耐病对照品种,将供试品种分为耐病、感病两个类型,高抗、中抗、低抗、低感、中感和高感六个等级。结果显示：四川省种植的油菜无高抗菌核病品种,仅27.27%的品种抗（耐）菌核病;35.37%品种表现为低感菌核病,高感、低抗、中感的品种分别占22.23%、20.20%和15.13%。品种的菌核病抗性稳定性受油菜花期环境和基因型影响显著,仅科源油9号和蓉油12号表现出稳定的耐菌核病特性;11个品种菌核病抗（耐）性丧失,20个品种菌核病抗（耐）性不稳定。 相似文献
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我国南方冬油菜机械化生产农艺研究进展 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
油菜机械化生产是我国油菜生产发展的方向,近年来在南方冬油菜区进行了适合机械化生产的油菜品种筛选和鉴定,农机和农艺配套技术试验示范。本文综述了在油菜机械直播和机械移栽、抗倒伏措施及理想株型构建、施肥技术、病虫草害化学防治、化学催熟技术、机械收获技术等方面的研究概况,并探讨了存在的问题及今后的研究方向。 相似文献
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Rao M.S.S. Bhagsari A.S. Mohamed A.I. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(3):241-251
The soyfood industry prefers some soybean [( Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars over others based on chemical constituents, physical traits, and processing quality of the seed. However, soybean cultivars possessing the combination of desirable agronomic traits and biochemical characteristics that enhance the quality of soyfoods have not been identified in the U.S. Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of determining yield, seed protein, and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production. Twelve soybean genotypes were planted in plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Georgia during 1994 and 1995. Seed yield ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 metric tons/ha. The protein content varied between 314.2 and 480.7 g/kg seed. Both BARC-8 and BARC-9 had significantly higher protein content than other genotypes. These two genotypes also showed significant year by genotype interactions for some fatty acids. V71-370 had the highest oleic acid concentration and a high ratio (0.92) of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 406.5 to 531.0 and 37.1 to 63.0 g/kg oil, respectively. Seed yield was correlated with biomass, harvest index, and filled pods per m2. In this study, V71-370 was found to be relatively superior in oil quality with fatty acid composition desirable for human consumption. The significant variation for seed yield and biochemical characteristics observed among the few genotypes examined in this study indicates the potential for breeding high yielding soybean cultivars suitable for soyfoods. Therefore, there is a need for evaluation of soybean germplasm for agronomic traits that contribute to seed yield and biochemical characteristics including fatty acid profiles that enhance soyfood quality before initiating development of suitable cultivars for tofu. 相似文献
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为了解微波预处理对油菜籽及菜籽油脂肪酸含量的影响，评价其产生反式脂肪酸的风险，以8个省14产地的57份油菜籽样品为材料进行微波预处理，并对微波前后的油菜籽进行压榨，得到冷榨菜籽油。采用优化后的气相色谱法快速测定油菜籽和菜籽油中脂肪酸组成和含量，考察油菜品种、油菜产地以及微波预处理对油菜籽脂肪酸含量的影响。结果发现，与国标方法相比，优化后样本分析时间缩短一半以上，显著提高分析通量。研究发现，产地对油菜籽和冷榨菜籽油脂肪酸组成和含量影响较小，品种对菜籽和冷榨菜籽油脂肪酸组成和含量影响较大。不同品种的油菜籽和对应冷榨菜籽油中的脂肪酸含量差异极显著（P＜0.01）。高芥酸菜籽的花生一烯酸、芥酸的平均含量分别是低芥酸菜籽的6.89倍和64.50倍，油酸的平均含量仅为低芥酸菜籽的71.48%。同一品种不同产地的油菜籽与对应的冷榨菜籽油中的脂肪酸含量之间，不存在显著性差异。微波预处理不会显著影响油菜籽和菜籽油中的脂肪酸组成和含量水平，同时也不会产生反式脂肪酸等风险因子，微波处理后，产生反式脂肪酸的风险较低。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):265-269
AbstractThe relationship between nitrogen efficiency (NE), defined as seed yield per unit nitrogen (N) application, and seed quality was examined in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties at 5 N application levels, 0.6, 3, 6, 12, 15 mmol L?1, N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, respectively. Seed yield, oil yield and protein content were increased with the increase in N application level, but NE and oil content were decreased, and the fatty acid composition in seed was hardly changed. Analysis of seven fatty acids revealed aslight decrease in the contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid with the increase in N application level, but no obvious change in the contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Compared with the low NE variety H29, the seed yield and contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid in the high NE variety bin270 were more markedly increased with the increase in N application level, and the oil content was hardly changed. The seed yield, oilcontent and oil yield were higher in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety at all 5 N application levels. There were no significant differences in protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid contents between the varieties at any of the 5 N application levels, but there were slight differences in the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents between the two varieties. In brief, N application improved oil yield more greatly in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety, but hardly affected the fatty acid composition. Therefore, the seed quality and oil content of oilseed rape may not be decreased by breeding of a high NE variety with a high N absorption efficiency and high N use efficiency. 相似文献
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抗青枯病花生资源的种子大小 及主要品质性状的遗传分化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以123份不同类型的抗青枯病花生种质为材料,对荚果大小、种子大小、出仁率、蛋白质、含油量和脂肪 酸等性状遗传分化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在我国抗青枯病花生资源中,高油酸种质资源较多,这些资源的荚 果及种仁大小,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸含量性状均存在丰富的遗传变异;但是,高 含油量资源较少,而且在含油量、蛋白质含量和出仁率方面的遗传多样性不丰富。根据12个与种子品质相关性状 信息, 123份抗青枯病资源被分成2组5亚组13个品种群,这些品种(群)与已被广为利用的骨干抗病亲本协抗青 和台山三粒肉之间存在很大的遗传分化。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):253-259
AbstractPhysical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and consequently their use, depend on the composition of fatty acids that accumulate in storage lipids during seed development. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of seed development stages and organic matter content of soil on oil fatty acid composition of canola. The experiments were carried out under field conditions on four soils with different organic matter contents. To evaluate seed oil content and fatty acid composition of canola, we harvested plants at six growth stages (GS), GS 75, GS 79, GS 83, GS 87, GS 92 and GS 99 including development of seed, ripening and senescence. The synthesis of oil and fatty acids were largely influenced by seed maturity and soil type. Seeds had maximum content of stearic and palmitic acids at GS 75 (50% of pods reach final size). The seed yield, oil content of seeds and oleic acid percentage of seed oil significantly increased with increasing rate of soil organic matter in canola. This study addresses the organic matter content in poor soils should be ameliorated not only to obtain higher crop yields but also quality production. 相似文献
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比较木通属植物不同种质籽油品质的差异,综合评价不同种质的优劣,为其开发利用提供参考.以同一生境同一生长年限下的木通属植物为材料,分别测定并记录木通属植物21份种质的外形参数与产量性状,利用索氏提取法测定种子含油率,采用气相色谱法检测脂肪酸种类及含量,通过变异系数分析种间及种内种质的产量及品质差异.通过相关性分析、主成分... 相似文献
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大果油茶实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨大果油茶茶籽油脂肪酸组成问题,以实生油茶林丰产单株果实为材料,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,气相色谱法测定C12~C24脂肪酸含量。结果表明,茶籽油所含脂肪酸种类在实生单株间和年际间均存在差异;茶籽油脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,平均相对比重占86.625%,其中又以油酸为主,其含量和相对比重分别平均为79.352%和80.253%;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的相对比重、油酸和亚油酸的含量和相对比重均分别呈极显著、显著或极显著和显著负相关;主要脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等)含量和相对比重均无显著的实生单株间和年际间差异。可见,大果油茶茶籽油的主要脂肪酸组成在不同实生单株间和年际间均稳定,且都以油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸、油酸和亚油酸可能存在转化关系。 相似文献