共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
STACY D. MEOLA DVM MS JASON L. WHEELER DVM Diplomate ACVS CASSIDY L. RIST DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(6):525-529
Objective— To validate a technique to assess radial torsion with and without procurvatum and valgus deformity using computed tomography (CT).
Study Design— Anatomic study.
Animals— Radii (n=3) from normal dogs.
Methods— Three cadaveric radii were scanned using CT (3 mm slices). Transverse image sections were assessed at the distal and proximal physeal scar parallel to the joint surface in both sagittal and dorsal planes. Anatomic landmarks of the radius were identified and torsion was measured. A hinged Ilizarov circular external skeletal fixator was constructed to create known procurvatum, valgus, and torsional deformities.
Results— Between observers results were highly correlated for calculation of torsion (r=0.972, r2 =0.9448, P <.00001). Mean baseline torsion of the radius in the construct was 4.88°. At 20° procurvatum and valgus, mean calculated torsion was 5.07° (confidence interval [CI]=4.6–5.6°). At 20° procurvatum and valgus with 22.5°-induced torsion, mean measured torsion was 25.4° (expected=27.38°; CI=22.7–28.1°). At 40° procurvatum and valgus and 45°-induced torsion, mean measured torsion was 51.1° (expected=49.88°; CI=−49.2 to 53.0°).
Conclusion— Assessment of radial torsion by CT is reproducible and accurate in the presence of procurvatum and valgus antebrachial angular limb deformities in the dog.
Clinical Relevance— Despite complex presurgical planning, current measurements only allow for measurement of valgus and procurvatum deformities in the sagittal and dorsal planes, this method allows for more precise measurements of radial torsion in the transverse plane. 相似文献
Study Design— Anatomic study.
Animals— Radii (n=3) from normal dogs.
Methods— Three cadaveric radii were scanned using CT (3 mm slices). Transverse image sections were assessed at the distal and proximal physeal scar parallel to the joint surface in both sagittal and dorsal planes. Anatomic landmarks of the radius were identified and torsion was measured. A hinged Ilizarov circular external skeletal fixator was constructed to create known procurvatum, valgus, and torsional deformities.
Results— Between observers results were highly correlated for calculation of torsion (r=0.972, r
Conclusion— Assessment of radial torsion by CT is reproducible and accurate in the presence of procurvatum and valgus antebrachial angular limb deformities in the dog.
Clinical Relevance— Despite complex presurgical planning, current measurements only allow for measurement of valgus and procurvatum deformities in the sagittal and dorsal planes, this method allows for more precise measurements of radial torsion in the transverse plane. 相似文献
2.
Objective— To describe surgical correction of pes varus deformity in Dachshunds by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized with a hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF), and report clinical and radiographic outcomes.
Study Design— Multicenter, retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Immature Dachshunds (n=13) with pes varus deformity.
Methods— Limb function and lameness scores were assigned before and after surgery, and correction was determined visually at surgery. Tibiotarsal joint orientation (TTJO) and medial and lateral tibial cortex lengths, measured on radiographs of deformed and normal (when available) limbs, were compared before correction and after fixator removal.
Results— Pes varus deformities (n=14) were corrected; 93% had good to excellent clinical outcome. None of the dogs had a normal preoperative gait. Mean TTJO of abnormal and normal tibiae before surgery were 29° varus (median, 28°), and 12° valgus (median, 12°). Angular correction ranged from 20° to 51° (mean, 36±8°; median, 36°). M e an TTJO after fixator removal was 7° valgus (median, 7°). Two dogs had minor transient postoperative complications whereas 3 had major complications; only 1 of which was resolved.
Conclusions— Pes varus deformity in Dachshunds can be corrected by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized by HESF. Technique modifications are needed to improve correction precision.
Clinical Relevance— Visual inspection of limb alignment during surgery resulted in good to excellent clinical outcomes; however, 91% of tibiae were under- or overcorrected (mean, 6°; median, 5°). Limb alignment should be based on evaluation of immediate postoperative TTJO measurements, not solely on intraoperative visual assessment. 相似文献
Study Design— Multicenter, retrospective clinical study.
Animals— Immature Dachshunds (n=13) with pes varus deformity.
Methods— Limb function and lameness scores were assigned before and after surgery, and correction was determined visually at surgery. Tibiotarsal joint orientation (TTJO) and medial and lateral tibial cortex lengths, measured on radiographs of deformed and normal (when available) limbs, were compared before correction and after fixator removal.
Results— Pes varus deformities (n=14) were corrected; 93% had good to excellent clinical outcome. None of the dogs had a normal preoperative gait. Mean TTJO of abnormal and normal tibiae before surgery were 29° varus (median, 28°), and 12° valgus (median, 12°). Angular correction ranged from 20° to 51° (mean, 36±8°; median, 36°). M e an TTJO after fixator removal was 7° valgus (median, 7°). Two dogs had minor transient postoperative complications whereas 3 had major complications; only 1 of which was resolved.
Conclusions— Pes varus deformity in Dachshunds can be corrected by acute medial opening wedge osteotomy of the distal aspect of the tibia stabilized by HESF. Technique modifications are needed to improve correction precision.
Clinical Relevance— Visual inspection of limb alignment during surgery resulted in good to excellent clinical outcomes; however, 91% of tibiae were under- or overcorrected (mean, 6°; median, 5°). Limb alignment should be based on evaluation of immediate postoperative TTJO measurements, not solely on intraoperative visual assessment. 相似文献
3.
Over a period of seven years, 30 horses were treated by surgical arthrodesis for lameness resulting from osteoarthrosis of the proximal intertarsal, distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints (bone and occult spavin). Twenty-five horses were affected in one hock only and five were affected bilaterally. Four different techniques for achieving arthrodesis were used. Fourteen out of 18 horses (78 per cent) with involvement of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints only and six out of 11 horses (55 per cent) in which the proximal intertarsal joint was also involved became sound following surgery. The status of one other horse, with involvement of the proximal intertarsal joint, is not known. 相似文献
4.
Objective— To develop a standard method of measurement for femoral angles and report values for normal Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers.
Study Design— Retrospective evaluation of canine pelvis and femoral radiographs.
Sample Population— Radiographs of Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers (n=100 for each breed).
Methods— Anatomic lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, and femoral angle of inclination were measured from radiographs.
Results— For the 4 breeds (Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers, respectively) anatomic lateral distal femoral angles were 97°, 97°, 94°, and 98°; mechanical lateral distal femoral angles were 100°, 100°, 97°, and 100°; anatomic lateral proximal femoral angles were 103°, 98°, 101°, and 96°; mechanical lateral proximal femoral angles were 100°, 95°, 97°, and 93°; and inclination angles were 134°, 134°, 132°, and 137°. Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers had significantly higher values for both anatomic and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle than German Shepherds. Anatomic and mechanical lateral proximal angles were greatest for Labrador Retrievers and lowest for Rottweilers.
Conclusion— Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles vary between breeds of dogs.
Clinical Relevance— Values for femoral joint angles may be clinically useful for angular limb deformity diagnosis, treatment, and assessment. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective evaluation of canine pelvis and femoral radiographs.
Sample Population— Radiographs of Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers (n=100 for each breed).
Methods— Anatomic lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, and femoral angle of inclination were measured from radiographs.
Results— For the 4 breeds (Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers, respectively) anatomic lateral distal femoral angles were 97°, 97°, 94°, and 98°; mechanical lateral distal femoral angles were 100°, 100°, 97°, and 100°; anatomic lateral proximal femoral angles were 103°, 98°, 101°, and 96°; mechanical lateral proximal femoral angles were 100°, 95°, 97°, and 93°; and inclination angles were 134°, 134°, 132°, and 137°. Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers had significantly higher values for both anatomic and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle than German Shepherds. Anatomic and mechanical lateral proximal angles were greatest for Labrador Retrievers and lowest for Rottweilers.
Conclusion— Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles vary between breeds of dogs.
Clinical Relevance— Values for femoral joint angles may be clinically useful for angular limb deformity diagnosis, treatment, and assessment. 相似文献
5.
An 8-month-old castrated male Saint Bernard was evaluated for bilateral hind limb lameness. Lameness was ascribed to bilateral metatarsal rotational abnormalities on the basis of the physical examination and radiographic evaluations. Staged, bilateral deformity correction and tarsometatarsal arthrodeses were performed using circular external skeletal fixators. The dog's gait improved following surgery and the fixators were removed 3 (left hind paw) and 4 (right hind paw) months following surgery. Twenty months after the initial surgery, the owner reported that the dog was walking well without apparent lameness. Previous reports suggest that metatarsal rotation is untreatable; however, our results suggest that surgical correction of this deformity can substantially improve limb function in dogs affected with metatarsal rotation. 相似文献
6.
DENIS J. MARCELLIN-LITTLE DEVD Diplomate ACVS ANTONIO FERRETTI DVM Diplomate ECVS SIMON C. ROE BVSC MS PhD Diplomate ACVS DAVID J. DEYOUNG DVM Diplomate ACVS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1998,27(3):231-245
Objective —To evaluate hinged circular external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs.
Study Design —Uncontrolled clinical trial.
Animal Population —Seven client-owned dogs.
Methods —Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly.
Results —Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18° to 48°. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7°. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow-up was 40 months. Long-term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs.
Conclusion—Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium.
Clinical Relevance —Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma. 相似文献
Study Design —Uncontrolled clinical trial.
Animal Population —Seven client-owned dogs.
Methods —Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly.
Results —Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18° to 48°. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7°. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow-up was 40 months. Long-term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs.
Conclusion—Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium.
Clinical Relevance —Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma. 相似文献
7.
RYAN R. E. WOLKER DVM MVetSc JAMES L. CARMALT MA VetMB MVetSc Diplomate ABVP & ACVS DAVID G. WILSON DVM Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(7):861-867
Objective— To compare the biomechanical characteristics, failure mode, and effects of side (left or right limb) and end (forelimb or hindlimb) of different screws in 2-screw, parallel-screw proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis constructs in horses.
Study Design— In vitro experimental study.
Sample Population— Twenty limbs from 6 cadavers (4 complete limb sets, 2 partial sets—total of 4 forelimb and 6 hindlimb pairs).
Methods— Two parallel 5.5 mm cortical (AO) screws were inserted in lag fashion in 1 randomly allocated limb of a pair, and 2 parallel headless, tapered, variable-pitched, titanium compression screws (Acutrak-Plus® ) were inserted in the contralateral limb. Constructs were tested in 3-point bending in a dorsopalmar (plantar) direction using a materials-testing machine at a loading rate of 5.83 mm/s. Maximal bending moment at failure and composite stiffness were calculated from data generated on load–displacement curves. Data were analyzed using a Friedman 2-way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests.
Results— No significant difference was detected for bending moment or stiffness values in proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis constructs using 2 parallel Acutrak-Plus® or AO screws for fixation. Mean stiffness values were significantly different between forelimb and hindlimb constructs.
Conclusions— Performance of 2 parallel Acutrak-Plus® screws was biomechanically comparable with 2 parallel AO 5.5 mm cortical screws in in vitro pastern arthrodesis constructs.
Clinical Relevance— Acutrak-Plus® screws may provide an alternative means of fixation for proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis. 相似文献
Study Design— In vitro experimental study.
Sample Population— Twenty limbs from 6 cadavers (4 complete limb sets, 2 partial sets—total of 4 forelimb and 6 hindlimb pairs).
Methods— Two parallel 5.5 mm cortical (AO) screws were inserted in lag fashion in 1 randomly allocated limb of a pair, and 2 parallel headless, tapered, variable-pitched, titanium compression screws (Acutrak-Plus
Results— No significant difference was detected for bending moment or stiffness values in proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis constructs using 2 parallel Acutrak-Plus
Conclusions— Performance of 2 parallel Acutrak-Plus
Clinical Relevance— Acutrak-Plus
8.
J A Auer 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,187(5):496-499
Bilateral angular limb deformities of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal regions in 2 foals are discussed. Periosteal transection was used to correct the deformity in both foals. In one foal, only the right forelimb was treated because the deformity in the left forelimb did not appear to warrant surgery. Subsequently, an angular limb deformity, which could have been prevented, developed in the left forelimb. A third foal developed a deformity in the proximal phalanx after periosteal transection of the distal third metatarsal bone. 相似文献
9.
Objective— To describe a method for radiographic measurement of proximal and distal mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia. Normal ranges were established for a population of dogs, and specifically, Labrador retrievers, with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Sample Population— Tibiae (n=105) of dogs evaluated for cranial cruciate ligament rupture; 70 tibiae were from Labrador retrievers, 35 tibiae were from other breeds.
Methods— Anatomic landmarks were established and craniocaudal radiographs were used to measure the mechanical medial proximal (mMPTA) and distal (mMDTA) tibial angles in the frontal plane.
Results— Means (±SD) for all tibiae were mMPTA, 93.30±1.78°, and mMDTA, 95.99±2.70°. For Labrador retrievers, means were mMPTA, 93.38±1.81°, and mMDTA 96.34±2.51°. No significant differences were detected between Labrador Retrievers and non-Labrador retrievers with respect to mMPTA (power=0.5) or mMDTA (power=0.342). Labrador Retrievers were significantly younger than non-Labradors ( P =.003).
Conclusion— A method for measurement of the mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia in the frontal plane was established and reference ranges for a population of dogs and Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate ligament rupture are reported.
Clinical Relevance— The established method of measurement and references ranges can be used to aid in diagnosis, determining indications, and surgical planning for angular limb deformities of the tibia, especially when affected bilaterally. The methodology and reference values may also be used for postoperative critique. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Sample Population— Tibiae (n=105) of dogs evaluated for cranial cruciate ligament rupture; 70 tibiae were from Labrador retrievers, 35 tibiae were from other breeds.
Methods— Anatomic landmarks were established and craniocaudal radiographs were used to measure the mechanical medial proximal (mMPTA) and distal (mMDTA) tibial angles in the frontal plane.
Results— Means (±SD) for all tibiae were mMPTA, 93.30±1.78°, and mMDTA, 95.99±2.70°. For Labrador retrievers, means were mMPTA, 93.38±1.81°, and mMDTA 96.34±2.51°. No significant differences were detected between Labrador Retrievers and non-Labrador retrievers with respect to mMPTA (power=0.5) or mMDTA (power=0.342). Labrador Retrievers were significantly younger than non-Labradors ( P =.003).
Conclusion— A method for measurement of the mechanical joint angles of the canine tibia in the frontal plane was established and reference ranges for a population of dogs and Labrador Retrievers with cranial cruciate ligament rupture are reported.
Clinical Relevance— The established method of measurement and references ranges can be used to aid in diagnosis, determining indications, and surgical planning for angular limb deformities of the tibia, especially when affected bilaterally. The methodology and reference values may also be used for postoperative critique. 相似文献
10.
PETRA C. OST DrMedVet JON F. DEE DVM MS DiplomateACVS LARRY G. DEE DVM R. BRUCE HOHN DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1987,16(1):53-59
Fifty-one calcaneus fractures associated with (41) or without (10) central tarsal bone (Tc) fractures in racing greyhounds were evaluated and categorized. All calcaneal fractures with no Tc fractures had a plantar proximal intertarsal subluxation. No subluxations were found in dogs with both calcaneal and central tarsal fractures. The calcaneal fractures were treated either with coaptation splints or surgical repair. Surgical techniques included a Steinmann pin with a figure eight tension band device or screw or plate fixation as primary techniques supplemented by Kirschner wires and cerclage wires. In all calcaneal fractures associated with plantar proximal intertarsal subluxation, an arthrodesis of the calcaneoquartal joint was performed. All 22 surgically repaired fractures in dogs available for physical and radiographic reexamination had healed within 1 to 6 months. Eight dogs with fractures of the calcaneus associated with fractures of Tc returned to a racing career. None of the dogs with plantar proximal intertarsal subluxation raced again. Based on the orientation of the fracture lines and on dissection of two tarsi with calcaneal fractures, a hypothesis on the pathogenesis of calcaneal fractures in racing greyhounds was formulated. 相似文献
11.
Objectives— To describe the clinical outcome of a 4 pin lumbosacral fixation technique for lumbosacral fracture–luxations, and to refine placement technique for iliac pins based on canine cadaver studies.
Study Design— Retrospective and anatomic study.
Sample Population— Dogs (n=5) with lumbosacral fracture-luxations and 8 cadaveric canine pelvi.
Methods— Lumbosacral fracture–luxations were stabilized with a 4 pin (positive-profile threaded) and bone cement fixation. Caudal pins were inserted in the iliac body and cranial pins were inserted into the L7 or L6 pedicle and body. Follow-up examinations and radiographs were performed to assess patient outcome. Intramedullary pins were inserted into the iliac bodies of 8 cadaver pelvi. Radiographs were taken to measure pin insertion angles and define ideal insertion angles that would maximize pin purchase in the ilium.
Results— Follow-up neurologic examination was normal in 4 dogs. Radiographic healing of the fracture was evident in 5 dogs. One implant failure occurred but did not require re-operation. For cadaver iliac pins, mean craniocaudal insertion angle was 29° and mean lateromedial insertion angle was 20°.
Conclusions— Four pin and bone cement fixation effectively stabilizes lumbosacral fracture luxations. The iliac body provides ample bone stock, which can be maximized using an average craniocaudal pin trajectory of 29° and an average lateromedial pin trajectory of 20°.
Clinical Relevance— Lumbosacral fracture–luxations can be stabilized with 4 pin and bone cement fixation in the lumbar vertebrae and iliac body, using 29 and 20° as guidelines for the craniocaudal and lateromedial pin insertion angles in the ilium. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective and anatomic study.
Sample Population— Dogs (n=5) with lumbosacral fracture-luxations and 8 cadaveric canine pelvi.
Methods— Lumbosacral fracture–luxations were stabilized with a 4 pin (positive-profile threaded) and bone cement fixation. Caudal pins were inserted in the iliac body and cranial pins were inserted into the L7 or L6 pedicle and body. Follow-up examinations and radiographs were performed to assess patient outcome. Intramedullary pins were inserted into the iliac bodies of 8 cadaver pelvi. Radiographs were taken to measure pin insertion angles and define ideal insertion angles that would maximize pin purchase in the ilium.
Results— Follow-up neurologic examination was normal in 4 dogs. Radiographic healing of the fracture was evident in 5 dogs. One implant failure occurred but did not require re-operation. For cadaver iliac pins, mean craniocaudal insertion angle was 29° and mean lateromedial insertion angle was 20°.
Conclusions— Four pin and bone cement fixation effectively stabilizes lumbosacral fracture luxations. The iliac body provides ample bone stock, which can be maximized using an average craniocaudal pin trajectory of 29° and an average lateromedial pin trajectory of 20°.
Clinical Relevance— Lumbosacral fracture–luxations can be stabilized with 4 pin and bone cement fixation in the lumbar vertebrae and iliac body, using 29 and 20° as guidelines for the craniocaudal and lateromedial pin insertion angles in the ilium. 相似文献
12.
An epizootiological study of acute death syndrome and leg weakness in broiler chickens in western Canada 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In a survey of 51 broiler chicken flocks, the incidence of chickens dying from acute death syndrome and of those with skeletal deformities varied from 0.71 to 4.07% and from 0.46 to 4.08% among the flocks, respectively. The average incidence of those with skeletal deformities was 1.72%; 1.10% were culled in the field, and 0.62% were condemned or downgraded as carcasses. The major types of skeletal deformities were valgus deformation of the intertarsal joint (70%), varus deformation of the intertarsal joint (9%), tibial rotation (7%), and spondylolisthesis (14%). The strain and source of chickens and the management and nutritional practices were recorded for each flock. Statistical analyses were conducted in an attempt to identify factors that might correlate with the incidence of either chickens dying from acute death syndrome or those with skeletal deformities. Results of these analyses are discussed. 相似文献
13.
J. F. Ferguson 《The Journal of small animal practice》1996,37(5):232-234
A five-year-old male Shetland sheepdog underwent calcaneoquartal arthrodesis for instability of the proximal intertarsal joint. A cancellous bone graft was harvested from the proximal humerus and packed around the arthrodesis site. Twenty-four hours postoperatively the dog developed a non-weightbearing forelimb lameness. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a fracture of the humerus through the hole used to obtain the graft. Surgical repair of the fracture led to an uneventful recovery. 相似文献
14.
JOHN B. KANEENE DVM MPH PhD ULREH V. MOSTOSKY DVM MS ROSEANN MILLER MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):398-405
Objective— To determine whether there has been improvement in canine hip joint phenotype classifications of dogs whelped from 1989 to 2003 by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA), by examining results of radiographic evaluations and identifying any trends in percentages of dogs classified as having desirable hip joint phenotypes.
Study Design— Retrospective cohort study.
Sample Population— OFA radiographic classifications (n=431,483) on dogs whelped between 1989 and 2003.
Methods— Numbers and percentages of dogs classified by hip joint phenotypes were determined for 2-year cohorts. Differences between breeds and sexes were assessed using the Fisher's exact test, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to express associations. The Cochran–Armitage test for trend was calculated to identify significant trends over time.
Results— There were statistically significant ( P <.05) increases in the proportion of all breeds of dogs evaluated as excellent and good from 1993 to 2003, controlling for gender and age at evaluation. Labrador Retrievers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and Rottweilers had the highest proportions of excellent and good scores, and the highest rates of improvement in excellent and good scores were seen in Bernese Mountain Dogs and Rottweilers.
Conclusions— Results support the contention that there have been improvements in hip joint phenotype classifications in dogs in the United States since the previous study (1989–1992), through increases in the proportion of dogs receiving excellent and good classifications.
Clinical Relevance— Hip joint phenotype classifications can be used by dog breeders to develop breeding programs to improve the hip joints of future generations of dogs. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective cohort study.
Sample Population— OFA radiographic classifications (n=431,483) on dogs whelped between 1989 and 2003.
Methods— Numbers and percentages of dogs classified by hip joint phenotypes were determined for 2-year cohorts. Differences between breeds and sexes were assessed using the Fisher's exact test, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to express associations. The Cochran–Armitage test for trend was calculated to identify significant trends over time.
Results— There were statistically significant ( P <.05) increases in the proportion of all breeds of dogs evaluated as excellent and good from 1993 to 2003, controlling for gender and age at evaluation. Labrador Retrievers, Bernese Mountain Dogs, and Rottweilers had the highest proportions of excellent and good scores, and the highest rates of improvement in excellent and good scores were seen in Bernese Mountain Dogs and Rottweilers.
Conclusions— Results support the contention that there have been improvements in hip joint phenotype classifications in dogs in the United States since the previous study (1989–1992), through increases in the proportion of dogs receiving excellent and good classifications.
Clinical Relevance— Hip joint phenotype classifications can be used by dog breeders to develop breeding programs to improve the hip joints of future generations of dogs. 相似文献
15.
16.
Objective— To report use of a locking compression plate (LCP) for fetlock arthrodesis in Thoroughbred racehorses after catastrophic disruption of the suspensory apparatus.
Study Design— Retrospective case study.
Animals— Racing Thoroughbreds (n=6) with a catastrophic breakdown injury of the suspensory apparatus.
Methods— Medical records (2004–2006) of horses that had fetlock arthrodesis using an LCP were reviewed. Preoperative recorded variables were: age, gender, affected limb, injury type and occurrence, limb support used and time to surgery. Recorded surgical variables were: implants used and cost, surgery time, and anesthetic recovery method. Postoperative recorded variables included: treatment, physical status, complications, and outcome.
Results— Of 6 Thoroughbred racehorses that had LCP arthrodesis, 4 were sound for breeding purposes the next year and 2 horses were euthanatized (1 at 16 days, 1 at 68 days) because of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) luxation. No surgical complications were associated with implant application. Postoperative complications were similar to those reported for other arthrodesis techniques.
Conclusions— LCP is a viable option for fetlock arthrodesis in Thoroughbred racehorses after catastrophic suspensory apparatus disruption.
Clinical Relevance— Adequate fetlock stability can be achieved with an LCP, and although the repair is likely more stable it is ∼3 times more expensive than using a limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) with cortical screws. 相似文献
Study Design— Retrospective case study.
Animals— Racing Thoroughbreds (n=6) with a catastrophic breakdown injury of the suspensory apparatus.
Methods— Medical records (2004–2006) of horses that had fetlock arthrodesis using an LCP were reviewed. Preoperative recorded variables were: age, gender, affected limb, injury type and occurrence, limb support used and time to surgery. Recorded surgical variables were: implants used and cost, surgery time, and anesthetic recovery method. Postoperative recorded variables included: treatment, physical status, complications, and outcome.
Results— Of 6 Thoroughbred racehorses that had LCP arthrodesis, 4 were sound for breeding purposes the next year and 2 horses were euthanatized (1 at 16 days, 1 at 68 days) because of proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) luxation. No surgical complications were associated with implant application. Postoperative complications were similar to those reported for other arthrodesis techniques.
Conclusions— LCP is a viable option for fetlock arthrodesis in Thoroughbred racehorses after catastrophic suspensory apparatus disruption.
Clinical Relevance— Adequate fetlock stability can be achieved with an LCP, and although the repair is likely more stable it is ∼3 times more expensive than using a limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) with cortical screws. 相似文献
17.
The clinical signs and diagnostic imaging of two adult llamas with severe metatarsophalangeal valgus angular limb deformity causing metatarsophalangeal instability, severe osteoarthritis and marked bilateral hindlimb lameness are described. The metatarsophalangeal axis was corrected and arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint was achieved by distal medial metatarsal condylectomy and the medial application of a custom-made angled 4.5 mm dynamic compression plate. A secure construct with normal limb angulation and a good biomechanical outcome was achieved in each of the hindlimbs of both llamas. The development and final dimensions of the implants are described to assist decision making during the evaluation of the surgical management of such cases. 相似文献
18.
KAREN J. WHITEHAIR DVM MS STEPHEN B. ADAMS DVM MS Diplomate ACVS JAMES P. TOOMBS DVM MS Diplomate ACVS JILL E. PARKER VMD Diplomate ACVS JOSEPH M. PROSTREDNY DVM MS JON G. WHITEHAIR DVM SEAN W. AIKEN DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(3):228-233
A llama, a miniature horse, and a miniature donkey with severe bilateral congenital flexural deformities of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints were treated successfully by arthrodesis with dynamic compression plating or external skeletal fixation. The flexor tendons were more taut than the suspensory ligaments and were transected. In the llama, the suspensory ligament was transected, and overcorrection caused ischemic necrosis of one distal limb and subluxation of the other fetlock joint. In the horse and donkey, the suspensory ligament was preserved and wedge osteotomy was performed to correct the deformity. 相似文献
19.
Objective: To report use of semicircular external skeletal fixators (ESF) for management of femoral fractures in dogs. Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Animals: Dogs (n=16) with femoral fractures (n=18). Methods: A semicircular ESF system composed of 6‐hole 45° or 5‐hole 40° carbon‐fiber arches, 6 mm threaded rods, half pin fixation bolts, 6 mm nuts, and negative profile end‐threaded half pins were used for open repair of femoral fractures. ESF configuration, complications, limb use, fixator removal time, and functional outcomes were evaluated. Outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Results: Seventeen fractures with sufficient follow‐up healed. Eight dogs started using the limb immediately after waking up from anesthesia whereas initial limb use was 1–4 days after repair in the other dogs. Time to fixator removal ranged from 28 to 63 days (mean, 38 days). Functional outcome was excellent in 13 cases, good in 4, and poor in 1 nonunion. Conclusion: Semicircular ESF combined with open surgical reduction can be used to successfully repair metaphyseal and diaphyseal femoral fractures in young growing dogs. 相似文献
20.
A 9‐day‐old American Miniature horse was referred for evaluation and treatment of congenital bilateral carpal deformities. Clinical examination revealed a combination of flexural, angular and rotational deformities affecting both carpi. Radiographic evaluation of both forelimbs revealed malformation of the distal radial epiphysis accompanied by flexural contracture and external rotation of the limb distal to the antebrachial carpal joint. Conservative therapy was attempted with splints and bandages and failed to result in improvement. Surgical intervention was elected and a bilateral distal radial epiphysectomy and pancarpal arthrodesis performed. Fourteen months later the mare was turned out to pasture and ambulating well. 相似文献