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1.
氨基酸络合铁对生长猪生长性能及有关指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了比较评估氨基酸络合铁对生长猪生长性能、铁表观消化率、肤色和血液指标的影响,试验选择70日龄初始体重(27.34±2.55)kg的杜×长×大生长猪108头,分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪。试验用玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg无机铁(一水硫酸亚铁)构成对照组。在对照组基础上分别添加40、80、120、160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁构成4个试验组,在对照组基础上添加160 mg/kg无机铁(一水硫酸亚铁)构成正对照组,试验期5周。结果表明:试验0~2周、3~5周及全期,随着日粮中氨基酸铁添加量由40 mg/kg增加到160 mg/kg,生长猪日增重和饲料转化效率均得到改善,并呈极显著的线性关系(P<0.01)。与无机铁日粮组相比,添加160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁试验组极显著地改善了平均日增重(P<0.01)和饲料转化效率(P<0.05);试验第14天和第35天,随着日粮中氨基酸络合铁添加水平的增加,生长猪对日粮中铁元素的表观消化率均呈显著的线性增加关系(P<0.05),添加160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁试验组铁元素的表观消化率极显著高于对照组和正对照组(P<0.01);试验第14天和第35天,随着日粮中氨基酸络合铁添加水平的提高,红细胞压积、血红蛋白浓度、血清铁和血清铁与总铁结合力之比都呈显著的线性增加关系(P<0.05),并高于无机铁日粮组(P<0.01),而血清总铁结合力呈显著的线性降低关系(P<0.05);在试验期末,160 mg/kg氨基酸络合铁日粮组显著改善生长猪的肤色状况(P<0.05)。与添加硫酸亚铁相比,在生长猪日粮中添加氨基酸铁络合物可提高生长猪的生长性能和铁表观消化率,改善皮肤红度及血液生化指标。 相似文献
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氨基酸螯合铁对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用单因子试验设计研究氨基酸螯合铁对21日龄断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验选用平均体重为6.4 kg的21日龄断奶仔猪(D×L×Y)150头,随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10头。所有处理均以FeSO4形式添加铁元素100 mg/kg,处理2~5在处理1的基础上再分别以氨基酸螯合铁的形式添加铁元素40、80、120、160 mg/kg,试验期6周。试验结果表明,处理3~5的头日增重比处理1提高了4.67%、9.18%和7.08%,差异极显著;料重比与处理1相比分别降低4.62%、7.51%、6.94%和6.94%,差异均极显著;处理4的腹泻率分别比处理1、2、3、5降低73.78%、30.32%、63.16%和61.40%,与处理1、3、5差异极显著,与处理2差异显著。本研究结果表明氨基酸螯合铁的适宜添加量应为100~120 mg/kg之间,具有提高早期断奶仔猪生产性能的趋势。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中不同锰添加水平对断奶仔猪生长性能,血清生化指标,跖骨锰、铁含量和锰、铁表观消化率的影响,以确定断奶仔猪饲粮中锰的适宜添加水平。选用28日龄平均体重(9.84±0.85) kg健康断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)160头,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加4、20、40和80 mg/kg锰[以一水合硫酸锰(MnSO4·H2O)形式添加],试验期35 d。结果表明：1)饲粮中锰添加水平对断奶仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和血清生化指标均无显著影响( P>0.05);2)断奶仔猪跖骨中的锰、铁含量受饲粮锰添加水平的显著影响(P<0.05),并且跖骨中的铁含量随饲粮中锰水平的增加呈线性和二次曲线降低( P<0.05),饲粮中锰添加水平高于4 mg/kg时,跖骨中的铁含量降低;3)饲粮中锰添加水平显著影响粪中锰、铁排出量(P<0.05),当锰添加水平达到80 mg/kg时,铁的表观消化率显著低于对照组( P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加锰没显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能和血清生化指标,而锰添加水平高于4 mg/kg时,跖骨中的铁含量降低,且随着饲粮锰添加水平的增加,铁的排出量增加;综合本试验指标,断奶仔猪饲粮中锰添加4~20 mg/kg为宜。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响。试验选取12头(28±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,根据体重、健康状况等均衡分布原则分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头仔猪,单个饲养于消化代谢笼。试验分为2个阶段,第1阶段:2组均饲喂缺铁基础饲粮10 d,使仔猪处于临近贫血状态;第2阶段:对照组在缺铁基础饲粮中额外添加100 mg/kg的硫酸亚铁(以铁计),试验组额外添加100 mg/kg的甘氨酸亚铁(以铁计),试验期10 d。结果表明:与添加硫酸亚铁相比,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁有降低仔猪料重比的趋势(P0.10),降低了4.57%,但对仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.10);饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著降低粪中的铁排出量和铁排出总量(P0.05),分别降低了23.11%和22.09%;饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能极显著提高铁表观消化率和表观代谢率(P0.01),分别提高了13.34%和22.42%;同时,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著提高血清中的铁饱和度和血液中的铁含量(P0.05)。综上,甘氨酸亚铁可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高血液铁含量,改善仔猪铁代谢状况,降低粪便铁排出量,是一种绿色高效的新型补铁剂。 相似文献
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复合氨基酸铁对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
此试验采用单因子试验设计研究复合氨基酸铁对28日龄断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。选用152头平均体重约8.1kg杜长大三元杂种仔猪,随机分为8个处理,处理1～7各设5个重复,每个重复4头,处理8设4个重复,每个重复3头。处理1在基础饲粮中不添加任何形式的铁元素,处理2和3分别以FeSO4形式添加铁元素100、220mg/kg,处理4～7在处理2的基础上再分别以复合氨基酸铁形式添加铁元素30、60、90、120mg/kg,处理8在基础饲粮中以复合氨基酸铁形式添加铁元素100mg/kg。试验期5周。结果表明,在基础饲粮中已添加FeSO4形式铁元素100mg/kg基础上再添加30、60、90和120mg/kg的复合氨基酸铁形式铁元素,仔猪的日增重分别提高7.28%、9.24%、14.29%和6.44%,且均差异极显著,料重比分别降低5.31%(P<0.05)、5.80%(P<0.05)、7.73%(P<0.01)和4.35%(P>0.05),腹泻率也随着其添加量的增加而逐渐降低,但均差异不显著。说明在无机铁基础上再添加螯合铁能进一步改善断奶仔猪的生产性能,经回归分析得,在饲粮中已添加FeSO4形式铁元素100mg/kg基础上,复合氨基酸铁形式铁元素对断奶仔猪生产性能的最佳添加剂量为75mg/kg。 相似文献
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二肽螯合铁对仔猪生长性能、血清铁和抗氧化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究二肽螯合铁对仔猪生长性能、血清铁和抗氧化指标的影响。选取40日龄健康三元杂交仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组2个组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组和试验组饲粮中的铁添加量均为180 mg/kg(以铁计),对照组仅添加硫酸亚铁,试验组仅添加二肽螯合铁。试验期21 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重(ADG)提高了10.37%(P0.05),料重比(F/G)降低了5.59%(P0.05);试验组血清铁含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清铁蛋白和血红蛋白含量高于对照组(P0.05);试验组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,二肽螯合铁可明显促进仔猪生长,改善仔猪体内铁代谢状况,增强仔猪抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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断奶仔猪缺铁模型的建立及酵母铁对断奶仔猪生长及血液生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨缺铁性仔猪模型建立及补充酵母铁或硫酸亚铁后仔猪生长发育、血液指标变化情况和内脏器官铁含量的影响.本试验选择21日龄、初始体重(5.57±0.83)kg的D×L×Y断奶仔猪35头,分为7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1头猪.仔猪单栏饲养.用铁含量为22.43 mg/kg的基础日粮饲喂4周以耗竭体内储备铁.耗竭期结束后,试验期对照组继续饲喂基础日粮,6个试验组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加铁含量为80、120和180 mg/kg的酵母铁或硫酸亚铁,饲喂10 d.结果表明:仔猪经28 d耗竭后形成缺铁模型.当酵母铁组铁含量为120 mg/kg时,仔猪ADG和ADFI最高,日粮铁的来源和水平的交互作用对ADG和F/G影响显著(P<0.05).铁的来源和水平对仔猪各项血常规和生理生化指标影响不显著(P>0.05).120 mg/kg酵母铁或硫酸亚铁组脾脏、肝脏、肾脏和心脏铁含量均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且120 mg/kg硫酸亚铁组在脾脏、肝脏和心脏中的铁含量均极显著高于酵母铁组(P<0.01).酵母铁组的ADG、ADFl、铁蛋白和转铁蛋白较硫酸亚铁组高.由结果可知,补充酵母铁和硫酸亚铁可以改善缺铁情况,且酵母铁的效果优于硫酸亚铁. 相似文献
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试验比较了3种补铁剂(硫酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁和蛋氨酸螯合铁)对哺乳仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验共选取7±2日龄"杜×长×大"仔猪120头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10头猪。第Ⅰ试验组为空白对照组,第Ⅱ试验组添加硫酸亚铁100 mg/kg(以铁元素计,下同),第Ⅲ试验组添加富马酸亚铁100 mg/kg,第Ⅳ试验组添加蛋氨酸螯合铁100 mg/kg。试验期21 d。测定各阶段(每周)生长性能;于7和21日龄,采血测定血红蛋白浓度、血细胞数、血细胞压积、免疫蛋白;28日龄测腹泻率及存活率。结果显示:(1)在15~21日龄、22~28日龄和7~28日龄,富马酸亚铁组和蛋氨酸螯合铁组仔猪日增重、采食量与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01),富马酸亚铁组和蛋氨酸螯合铁组仔猪日增重、采食量与硫酸亚铁组相比均显著提高(P0.05),硫酸亚铁组与对照组相比显著提高(P0.05),但富马酸亚铁组和蛋氨酸螯合铁差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)与对照组和硫酸亚铁组相比,富马酸亚铁组和蛋氨酸螯合铁组的血红蛋白含量、血红细胞数、血红细胞压积、免疫蛋白均显著提高(P0.05),但富马酸亚铁组与蛋氨酸螯合铁组的仔猪血红蛋白含量、血红细胞数、血红细胞压积、免疫蛋白均差异不显著(P0.05)。(3)与对照组和硫酸亚铁相比,富马酸亚铁组和蛋氨酸螯合铁组腹泻率显著下降(P0.05),成活率极显著提高(P0.01),但富马酸亚铁组与蛋氨酸螯合铁组腹泻率和存活率方面差异不显著(P0.05)。以上研究表明,日粮中添加100 mg/kg硫酸亚铁组、富马酸亚铁和蛋氨酸螯合铁仔猪日增重、采食量与对照组相比显著提高,富马酸亚铁和蛋氨酸螯合铁也更好的改善仔猪血液铁营养状况,富马酸亚铁和蛋氨酸螯合铁的使用效果大体一致。 相似文献
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日粮添加肉碱对早期断奶仔猪日粮养分消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
21日龄平均体重为5.85kg的断奶仔猪64头,按随机区组设计分4组,肉碱添加水平分别为:0mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg和150mg/kg.试验结果表明:添加肉碱不影响仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和饲料转化效率(FCR),但添加100mg/kg肉碱可显著提高早期断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(ADFI);各组干物质、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷消化率不受肉碱影响,添加150mg/kg肉碱可使断奶后0d～14d的仔猪对粗脂肪的消化率比添加50mg/kg肉碱组显著降低14.6%(P＜0.05),添加100mg/kg肉碱可使断奶后15d～28d的仔猪对氨基酸的消化率比对照组显著提高3.5%～3.8%(P＜0.01).结论:日粮添加100mg/kg肉碱可以显著促进21日龄断奶仔猪采食和极显著提高断奶后15d～28d间仔猪对日粮氨基酸的消化率,但对仔猪的生长速度和饲料转化效率无显著影响. 相似文献
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P.J. Brown T.J. Whitbread M. Bailey L. Daniell N.J. Bell 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(2):284-287
Post mortem liver samples from 12 donkeys (Equus asinus) aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings), were assessed chemically for copper and iron content on a wet weight basis and histologically for stainable iron. Chemical liver copper content ranged from 2.7 to 4.8 μg/g (mean 3.5 ± 0.05 μg/g). Chemical liver iron content ranged from 524 to 5010 μg/g (mean 1723 ± 1258 μg/g). Histochemical iron was measured morphometrically using a computer-based image analysis system; percentage section area staining for iron ranged from 0.84% to 26.69% (mean 10.82 ± 8.36%). There was no clear correlation, within the wide range of iron values, between histochemically demonstrable iron and chemically measured iron content. No clear age-related increase was apparent for either parameter in these aged donkeys. The accumulation of iron in the liver of donkeys may represent a physiological haemosiderosis rather than pathological haemochromatosis. 相似文献
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Elfenbein JR Giguère S Meyer SK Javsicas LH Farina LL Zimmel DN Sanchez LC 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1475-1482
Background: Hepatic failure is one of the more common complications in foals requiring blood transfusion to treat neonatal isoerythrolysis. Iron intoxication is likely the cause of hepatic injury. Objectives: To determine the effects of deferoxamine on iron elimination in normal foals. Animals: Thirteen neonatal foals. Methods: Randomized‐controlled trial. At 1–3 days of age, foals received either 3 L of washed packed dam's red blood cells (RBC) or 3 L of saline IV once. Foals were treated with deferoxamine (1 g) or saline (5 mL) SC twice daily for 14 days. Foals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: RBC/deferoxamine (deferoxamine), RBC/saline (placebo), or saline/saline (control). Blood and urine samples and liver biopsy specimens were collected for measurement of hematological, biochemical, and iron metabolism variables. Results: There was a significant (P < .05) increase in hematocrit, RBC count, and hemoglobin in the groups transfused with packed RBC as compared with controls at all times. Biochemical variables and liver biopsy scores were not significantly different between groups at any time. Urine iron concentrations and fractional excretion of iron were significantly higher in deferoxamine treated foals. By 14 days after transfusion, liver iron concentrations in foals treated with deferoxamine (79.9 ± 30.9 ppm) were significantly lower than that of foals receiving placebo (145 ± 53.0 ppm) and similar to that of controls (44.8 ± 4.09 ppm). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Deferoxamine enhances urinary iron elimination and decreases hepatic iron accumulation after blood transfusion in foals. 相似文献
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J. M. E. Brown S. A. Edwards W. J. Smith E. Thompson J. Duncan 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,27(3-4):95-105
To assess the merits of implementing piglet husbandry tasks in outdoor systems, 550 piglets in 49 litters were used in a split-plot experiment to determine the effects of (a) leaving piglet teeth intact or clipping them at birth in alternate litters, and (b) injecting alternate piglets within each litter with 200 mg of iron (as dextran) at 2–4 days after farrowing or leaving piglets untreated. Leaving teeth intact increased facial lesion scores at 7 days, 14 days and weaning (22 days) but had no effect on survival or daily liveweight gain. No udder damage was recorded on sows and no behavioural differences in time spent away from the farrowing hut or willingness to be suckled were observed. Administration of iron resulted in a small but significant elevation in piglet blood haemoglobin level at weaning, but had no significant effect on piglet performance. All piglets had blood haemoglobin levels in excess of 6 g 100ml−1. A survey of 90 other untreated piglets from nine different herds in northeastern Scotland failed to detect any anaemic piglets. There was no overall correlation between herd mean haemoglobin level and soil iron content, although the lowest levels of both occurred in the same herd. Implementation of these husbandry tasks is seldom likely to be justified in outdoor systems in northeastern Scotland. 相似文献
16.
Histopathological examination was carried out on post mortem samples of liver from 12 donkeys (Equus asinus), aged 21-57 years (4 females, 1 stallion, 7 geldings). Variable amounts of haemosiderin were present in Kupffer cells, portal macrophages and hepatocytes in all cases. In all cases there was infiltration of connective tissue around portal tracts by variable numbers of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) but obvious portal fibrosis was present in only four animals. Subjective assessment of overall haemosiderin staining (including extent and intensity) generally reflected biochemical measurements of liver iron content (measured by an inductively-coupled plasma method) as well as quantitative histochemical measurements (using an image analysis package and sections stained with Perl’s Prussian blue stain). Accumulation of hepatic iron in old donkeys was not directly related to other pathological changes and may be an incidental finding. 相似文献
17.
Kazmierski KJ Ogilvie GK Fettman MJ Lana SE Walton JA Hansen RA Richardson KL Hamar DW Bedwell CL Andrews G Chavey S 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(6):585-588
We compared serum concentrations of zinc, chromium, and iron in dogs with cancer to those of normal dogs. Dogs with lymphoma (n = 50) and osteosarcoma (n = 52) were evaluated. Dogs with lymphoma had significantly lower (P = .0028) mean serum zinc concentrations (mean +/- SD; 1.0 +/- 0.3 mg/L) when compared to normal dogs (1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/L). Dogs with osteosarcoma also had lower mean serum zinc concentrations (1.1 +/- 0.4 mg/L), but this difference was not significant (P = .075). Serum chromium concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma (2.6 +/- 2.6 microg/L, P = .0007) and osteosarcoma (2.4 +/- 3.1 microg/L, P = .0001) compared to normal dogs (4.7 +/- 2.8 microg/L). Serum iron concentrations and total iron-binding capacity were significantly lower in dogs with lymphoma (110.8 +/- 56.7 microg/dL, P < .0001, and 236.6 +/- 45.6 microg/dL, P < .0001, respectively) and osteosarcoma (99.6 +/- 49.3 microg/dL, P < .0001, and 245.0 +/- 43.8 microg/dL, P = .0011, respectively) when compared to normal dogs (175.1 +/- 56.7 microg/dL and 277.1 +/- 47.4 microg/dL). Mean ferritin concentration was significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma (1291.7 +/- 63.0 microg/L) than in normal dogs (805.8 +/- 291.1 microg/L, P < .0001) and dogs with osteosarcoma (826.5 +/- 309.2 microg/L, P < .0001). Further investigation is needed to explore the clinical significance of these mineral abnormalities in dogs with cancer. 相似文献
18.
Jing Tu Fengying Lu Shuang Miao Xintao Ni Pan Jiang Hui Yu Linlin Xing Shengqing Yu Chan Ding Qinghai Hu 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):395-402
Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence. 相似文献
19.
Trace metals and animal health: Interplay of the gut microbiota with iron,manganese, zinc,and copper
Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are recognized as essential trace elements. These trace metals play critical roles in development, growth, and metabolism, participating in various metabolic processes by acting as cofactors of enzymes or providing structural support to proteins. Deficiency or toxicity of these metals can impact human and animal health, giving rise to a number of metabolic and neurological disorders. Proper breakdown, absorption, and elimination of these trace metals is a tightly regulated process that requires crosstalk between the host and these micronutrients. The gut is a complex system that serves as the interface between these components, but other factors that contribute to this delicate interaction are not well understood. The gut is home to trillions of microorganisms and microbial genes (the gut microbiome) that can regulate the metabolism and transport of micronutrients and contribute to the bioavailability of trace metals through their assimilation from food sources or by competing with the host. Furthermore, deficiency or toxicity of these metals can modulate the gut microenvironment, including microbiota, nutrient availability, stress, and immunity. Thus, understanding the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism of manganese, iron, copper, and zinc, as well as in heavy metal deficiencies and toxicities, and vice versa, may provide insight into developing improved or alternative therapeutic strategies to address emerging health concerns. This review describes the current understanding of how the gut microbiome and trace metals interact and affect host health, particularly in pigs. 相似文献
20.
Effects of parenteral supply of iron and copper on hematology, weight gain, and health in neonatal dairy calves 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Heidarpour Bami M Mohri M Seifi HA Alavi Tabatabaee AA 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(7):553-561
The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of parenteral administration of iron and copper on hematological parameters, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves in the period when iron and copper deficiency could be existed. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to four different treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no injections of Fe and Cu), (2) test 1 (1000 mg Fe as fe-dextran was injected to each calf at day 2 of age), (3) test 2 (160 mg Cu as methionine-copper complex was injected to each calf at day 14 of age), and (4) test 3 (Fe and Cu were injected to each calf as mentioned previously). Blood samples were collected from all of the calves within 24-48 hours after birth and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological parameters and within 24-48 hours after birth and at 14, 21 and 28 days of age for the determination of iron, copper, TIBC concentrations, and AST activity. Anti-coagulated blood was analyzed shortly after collection for: number of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heamatocrit (HCT), total leukocyte count (WBC), Platelet (Plt), MCH, MCV, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts. The amounts of iron, copper, TIBC, and AST were measured in serum. Group had significant effects on the amounts of HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, neutrophil, weekly weight gain, and daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). Sampling time had significant effects on the amounts of RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, fibrinogen, copper, TIBC, AST, weight, weekly gain and, daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, platelet, total protein, fibrinogen, iron, and TIBC (p < 0.05). Improved RBC parameters and MCV were seen in calves of group 4 (test 3) in comparing with control group. Total and daily gains were also significantly improved in test groups in comparing with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen for the days of treatment between groups. 相似文献