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1.
马铃薯立枯丝核菌生物学特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用生长速率法研究了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌丝生长的条件。结果表明病菌菌丝在10~35℃均能生长,适宜温度是25~30℃,30℃菌丝生长最快。在pH为3~12的范围内病菌菌丝均能生长,以pH 5~7菌丝生长速度较快。黑暗对菌丝生长有促进作用,光照可促进菌核的形成。不同碳源、氮源对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的影响均较明显,可溶性淀粉和酵母粉对菌丝生长有显著的促进作用。立枯丝核菌菌丝体及菌核的致死温度分别为49℃和51℃。明确了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌生长的环境条件,可为病害防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
从高梁重病地块的病苗上,分离到立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme),尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum),罗氏白绢小菌核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii),瓜果腐霉菌(Pythiumaphanidermatum)6种真菌,其中以前三种的分离量比较大。致病性测定表明:立枯丝核菌的AG5是高梁苗病的病原菌,而其它5种分离菌只能造成微侵染,基本上不是致病菌,也不能促进立枯丝核菌对高梁幼苗的侵染。苗龄10-15天是从田间分离病菌的最好时期。多数表面消毒剂不适合立枯丝核菌的分离。不正常的温度、光照、湿度条件,容易导致错误的病原学结论,接近自然发病的条件的控制是研究病原学的关键。 相似文献
3.
《湖北植保》2001,(6):29-29
病原 :立枯丝核菌 ( Rhizoctonia solani kuhn)是草坪上一种重要土传真菌病害。属于半知菌亚门丝孢纲无孢目丝核菌属 ,菌丝褐色 ,直径 5 - 1 2 um,直角分枝 ,分枝处缢缩 ,附近形成隔膜 ,初生菌丝较细 ,老熟后常形成粗壮的念珠状菌丝。菌核红褐色 ,长 0 .1～ 0 .7cm,形状不规则 ,表面粗糙 ,内外颜色一致 ,表层细胞小 ,但与内部细胞无明显不同。菌核以菌丝与基质相连。不产生无性孢子。寄主 :立枯丝核菌的寄主范围比较广 ,主要为害早熟禾、狗牙根、细弱剪股颖、匍匐剪股颖、牛尾草、结缕草、钝叶草、黑麦草、苇状羊茅草等。即使在没有合适寄… 相似文献
4.
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacilllus subtilis)S9对植物病原真菌的溶菌作用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本研究共分离了976株细菌分离物,发现来自甘蔗根围的1株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)S9对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum)和西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)在PDA平板的对峙培养过程中不形成抑菌圈,但4 d后可使上述植物病原真菌的菌丝溶解.扫描电镜观察发现S9菌株在待测的立枯丝核菌表面形成了溶菌斑.S9菌株对立枯丝核菌的作用过程是通过吸附在病原真菌的菌丝上,并随菌丝生长而生长,而后产生溶菌物质消解菌丝体.液体共培养测定也证明了S9菌株具有上述作用.本研究还发现,S9菌株对植物病原真菌的拮抗真菌绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、鲜红毛壳菌(Chaetomium cupreum)和球毛壳菌(Chaetomiumglobosum)的生长没有影响.盆栽试验证明了S9菌株可有效地控制立枯丝核菌(R.solani)引起的番茄苗期病害.S9菌株与其它拮抗真菌混合具有促进防治植物病原真菌引起的植物病害的潜力. 相似文献
5.
新化合物氟醚菌酰胺的抑菌活性及其对棉花立枯丝核菌的作用方式研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了新化合物氟醚菌酰胺(LH-2010A)对10种常见植物病原菌的毒力,同时研究了其对棉花立枯丝核菌无性繁殖过程、菌丝形态及细胞膜通透性的影响。结果表明:氟醚菌酰胺对10种病原菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,比结构相似的选择性杀菌剂氟吡菌胺具有更广的杀菌谱。氟醚菌酰胺对棉花立枯丝核菌和番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性最高,EC50值均小于1.00 μg/mL,对其他8种病原菌的EC50值则在1.10~4.63 μg/mL之间;而氟吡菌胺只对辣椒疫霉和马铃薯晚疫病菌具有较高的抑菌活性,EC50值分别为0.61和0.72 μg/mL。在100.0 μg/mL下,氟醚菌酰胺对棉花立枯丝核菌抑菌作用明显,能显著抑制其菌核产生和菌丝生长量,使菌丝分支增多、变短、变粗;以不同浓度的氟醚菌酰胺处理棉花立枯丝核菌时,其细胞膜的通透性随着药剂浓度的增加而显著增大,520 min时最高处理浓度下的相对渗率为77.01%。表明氟醚菌酰胺对多种植物病原菌具有较高的抑菌活性,并能明显抑制棉花立枯丝核菌的多项生理指标。 相似文献
6.
由立枯病丝核菌引起的烟草立枯病是我国烟草苗床上危害最严重的病害之一。本研究评价了5种杀菌剂 (嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺、氟啶胺、丙环唑和嘧霉胺) 对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长、菌核形成和萌发的影响,以及其对烟草立枯病的防治效果。结果表明:立枯丝核菌菌丝对氟啶胺和嘧菌酯的敏感性高于丙环唑和啶酰菌胺,而对嘧霉胺的敏感性较低;嘧菌酯对菌核形成的抑制作用强于丙环唑、氟啶胺、啶酰菌胺和嘧霉胺;5种杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌菌核萌发均无抑制作用。在离体烟叶的保护活性方面,12.5和50 mg/L的嘧菌酯和啶酰菌胺对立枯病的保护作用优于氟啶胺、丙环唑和嘧霉胺;在治疗活性方面,50和200 mg/L的嘧菌酯的治疗作用优于其他4种杀菌剂。因此,供试的5种杀菌剂中嘧菌酯最适合用于烟草立枯病的防治。 相似文献
7.
侧孢短芽孢杆菌B8对两种植物病原菌抗菌机制初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了侧孢短芽孢杆菌B8胞外抗菌蛋白对立枯丝核菌和辣椒疫霉菌的抗菌作用。结果表明,B8胞外抗菌蛋白可有效抑制立枯丝核菌和辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长,抑制率分别为73.51%和47.26%。经其处理的立枯丝核菌菌丝膨大、断裂,细胞质外渗,细胞壁消解,菌丝解体;处理的辣椒疫霉菌菌丝分支增多,顶端产生球状结构,原生质体囊泡化,菌丝断裂。B8胞外抗菌蛋白对辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子囊产生和游动孢子萌发具有抑制作用,抑制率分别为80%和100%。B8胞外抗菌蛋白对立枯丝核菌菌核产生具有显著的抑制作用,抑制率可达到100%;对菌核萌发速度也具有抑制作用,其处理过的菌核萌发速度缓慢,且萌发产生的菌丝生长量明显减少,菌丝畸形。 相似文献
8.
枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）S9对植物病原真菌的溶菌作用 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
本研究共分离了976株细菌分离物，发现来自甘蔗根围的1株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)S9对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum)和西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)在PDA平板的对峙培养过程中不形成抑菌圈，但4d后可使上述植物病原真菌的菌丝溶解。扫描电镜观察发现S9菌株在待测的立枯丝核菌表面形成了溶菌斑。S9菌株对立枯丝核菌的作用过程是通过吸附在病原真菌的菌丝上，并随菌丝生长而生长，而后产生溶菌物质消解菌丝体。液体共培养测定也证明了S9菌株具有上述作用。本研究还发现，S9菌株对植物病原真菌的拮抗真菌绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、鲜红毛壳菌(Chaetomium cupreum)和球毛壳菌（Chaetomium globosum）的生长没有影响。盆栽试验证明了S9菌株可有效地控制立枯丝核菌(R．solani)引起的番茄苗期病害。S9菌株与其它拮抗真菌混合具有促进防治植物病原真菌引起的植物病害的潜力。 相似文献
9.
侧孢芽孢杆菌产生的抑真菌蛋白酶 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
侧孢芽孢杆菌YMF3.00003菌株对尖孢镰刀菌和立枯丝核菌的菌丝生长具有很强的抑制作用,其发酵液和纯酶液对该两种菌的抑制率分别为64.7%、50.3%和98.2%、83.4%.该抑菌物质为一种胞外蛋白酶,通过SDS-PAGE确定,其分子量约30kD;酶活性最高的条件为pH10,温度为50℃,缓冲液为1Ommol/L CaCl2. 相似文献
10.
两株哈茨木霉菌株防治水稻纹枯病及促进水稻生长的潜力研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由茄丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的纹枯病是水稻生产中的重要真菌病害,严重影响水稻产量及品质。本研究评估了两株哈茨木霉菌株3S1-13和4S2-46对纹枯病生防潜力及其对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的促生效果。研究表明两株哈茨木霉菌株在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)上不产生分生孢子,但在含有1%酵母粉的PDA上能恢复产分生孢子的能力。菌株3S1-13和4S2-46发酵液对茄丝核菌的菌丝生长及菌核形成均有较强抑制作用,具有防治水稻纹枯病潜力,且发酵液防效显著高于孢子液的防效。菌株3S1-13和4S2-46发酵液处理后的水稻种子发芽率和幼苗的根系、鲜重均显著高于对照,显示出有利于促进种子发芽与生长的作用。研究结果表明两株哈茨木霉菌株发酵液不仅可以用于水稻纹枯病的生物防治,而且可以促进水稻种子发芽及生长,具有较好的应用潜力。 相似文献
11.
Increases in resistance of aerial tubers (cultivars Désirée, Epicure and King Edward) against nine pathogenic potato fungi were determined in vitro using freeze-dried powder derived from subterranean and aerial tubers as a culture medium, and in vivo by inoculating both tuber types with the storage pathogens Fusarium sulphureum, F . solani var. coeruleum, Phoma exigua var. foveata and Polyscytalum pustulans . Significantly reduced growth rates and spore and conidiophore numbers were recorded when pathogens were cultured on freeze-dried powder derived from aerial tubers. No effects on spore size of F . solani var. coeruleum were recorded but spore and conidiophore lengths of remaining pathogens were reduced and width increased, except for Colletotrichum coccodes , where the diameter of acervuli increased, and P . exigua var. foveata , where spore length and width were reduced. Reduced disease incidence, severity and spore numbers were recorded on aerial compared with subterranean tubers inoculated in vivo with the four storage pathogens. Spore length of P . pustulans was reduced and spore width increased, while spore length and width of P . exigua var. foveata were reduced on aerial compared with subterranean tubers inoculated with these pathogens. No effects on spore size of Fusarium spp. were recorded. Concentrations of glycoalkaloids, chlorogenic acid, calcium and magnesium were higher in aerial than in subterranean tuber tissue, which may have contributed to increased resistance and effects on size and morphology of fungal spores. The implications of using aerial tubers as an alternative technique for the production of seed potatoes and their importance to the potato industry are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Bordoloi GN Kumari B Guha A Thakur D Bordoloi M Roy MK Bora TC 《Pest management science》2002,58(3):297-302
Screening for newer bioactive compounds from microbial metabolites resulted in the isolation of a novel antibiotic from the culture filtrate, Streptomyces sp 201, of a soil. The bioactive compound, with antifungal and antibacterial activity, was identified as 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate. The antifungal activity of live culture, culture broth and the isolated bioactive compound showed marked inhibition against dominant soil-borne phytopathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum Schlect, F moniliforme Sheldon, F semitectum Berkeley & Ravenel, F solani (Martius) Sacc and Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn. The compound had no effect on seed germination and seedling development as displayed by root and stem growth of the test plant species. In pot experiments with seedlings of cruciferous plants such as Raphanus sativus L (radish), Brassica campestris L (yellow mustard), Brassica oleracea var botrytis L (cauliflower), the antibiotic compound showed promising protective activity of 92% when seeds of the test plants were treated at a dose of 50 micrograms ml-1 prior to sowing. Seed treatment with a spore suspension (3 x 10(8) spores ml-1) of the Streptomyces sp 201 displayed protective activity in the range of 56-60%. Seeds coated with 2.5% methyl cellulose-amended spores of the antagonist showed protective activity in the range of 64-72%. Further, seed treatment with the culture filtrate of the antagonist also showed promising protective activity in the range of 64-84%. 相似文献
13.
Increases in resistance to Fusarium sulphureum and Fusartium solani var. coeruleum were determined in seed tubers of cultivars Desiree, Pentland Hawk and Kerr's Pink with light-enhanced glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloid concentration in the tubers ranged from 78.0 to 885.9 mg kg−1 fresh weight. Exposure of tubers to light prior to inoculation decreased fungal invasion, the greater reductions generally reflecting longer light exposure periods. In most cases, no direct relationship between resistance and glycoalkaloid concentrations was recorded for F . sulphureum. Surface infection indices and reduced depth of rot caused by F. solani var. coeruleum were closely correlated with tuber glycoalkaloid content. No significant effects on spore length and width were recorded. Exposure to light of seed tubers that are not destined for human or animal consumption could provide a pretreatment to reduce fungal invasion by F. sulphureum and F. solani var. coeruleum . 相似文献
14.
15.
The effectiveness of various methods for detecting three fungal potato pathogens was compared with artificially infested soil, naturally infested tuber-borne soil and field soil. In the spring of 1985 and 1986 field soils from 30 farms in north-east Scotland were sampled just before planting a seed potato crop and 6 months after harvesting such a crop. The minimum statutory gap between crops is 5 years. Polyscytalum pustulans was recovered from 32 out of 60 field soil samples taken 6 months after harvest while from fields sampled in the spring before a potato crop was planted the fungus was isolated from 10 out of 30 soils in 1985 and five out of 30 in 1986. Phoma foveata was isolated from only one out of 60 pre-planting soil samples but Fusarium solani var. coeruleum was recovered from eight of these soils.
Microplant bait plants were grown over 3 years at an experimental farm near Edinburgh in various fields at different intervals after a previous potato crop. Contamination by P . pustulans was not related to interval after potatoes between 1 - 7 years. No contamination was recorded in fields where potatoes had not been grown for more than 30 years. 相似文献
Microplant bait plants were grown over 3 years at an experimental farm near Edinburgh in various fields at different intervals after a previous potato crop. Contamination by P . pustulans was not related to interval after potatoes between 1 - 7 years. No contamination was recorded in fields where potatoes had not been grown for more than 30 years. 相似文献
16.
In a two year survey of Tunisian rustic potato stores, the losses were nearly equally distributed between dry rots induced by Fusarium solani and watery wound rot or leak caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and P. ultimum. Symptoms of leak were different from those normally induced by Pythium spp. Surveys of the growing potato crop confirmed the prevalence of these pathogens, which caused wilt and internal vascular stem necrosis. Most rotted progeny tubers also exhibited leak symptoms caused by P. aphanidermatum. Hardly any Erwinia diseases were found in Tunisia. The incidence of diseased plants was significantly higher in fields with successive cultivation of solanaceous crops, which may be attributed to a high rate of soil infestation by wilt-inducing pathogens such as Pythium spp., F. solani and Verticillium dahliae. The health of seed potatoes also played a significant role, affecting the incidence of rot in potato stores as well as in the soil before plant emergence. Therefore, Tunisian integrated management programmes for potato diseases should focus on soil disinfestation with appropriate crop rotation as well as seed quality and treatments. 相似文献
17.
The highest spore production ofStemphylium botryosum f. sp.lycopersici on tomato leaves during a 24-h wetting period occurred in continuous darkness, and ofAlternaria porri f. sp.solani on potato leaves in a 12-h dark period which had been preceded by a 12-h light period. Sporulation of both pathogens was inhibited by illumination during the entire wetting period or during the last 12 h of it. In inhibitory conditions spore yield increased with a decrease in the incubation temperature and as tested withA. porri f. sp. solani, also with lowered light intensity. 相似文献
18.
为了明确长枝木霉T6菌株(Trichoderma longibrachiatm)对小油菜(Brassica chinensis)促生效果及生理特性的影响，通过水琼脂培养法、浸泡法和灌根法进行种子处理，并测定了长枝木霉T6菌株及其孢子悬浮液和发酵滤液处理后小油菜种子活性、根系发育及幼苗叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的变化情况。结果表明：与对照相比，采用水琼脂培养法，接种长枝木霉T6菌株后小油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度、幼苗鲜重和干重相对增长率分别为2.51%、20.55%、70.79%、21.98%、32.00%和30.00%,幼苗根系总投影面积、总根表面积、平均根系直径、总根体积和根尖数相对增长率分别为58.49%、58.79%、18.18%、100.00%和77.88%;采用种子浸泡法，浓度为1.0×107 cfu·mL-1长枝木霉T6菌株孢子悬浮液处理后显著提高了小油菜种子发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度、幼苗鲜重和干重，其相对增长率分别为2.06%、19.60%、82.21%、43.36%、31.58%和40.00%,根系总... 相似文献
19.
木霉对土传病原真菌的拮抗作用 总被引：100，自引：2，他引：100
分别在体外及温室测定了筛选菌株哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum(T82)和Tricho-derma sp.(NF9)对土传病原真菌的拮抗作用。体外测定表明,木霉菌株T82和NF9对白绢病菌Sclerotium rolfsii,立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani,瓜果腐霉Pythium aphanidermatum刺腐霉P.spinosum和尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum在对崎培养中的拮抗系数分别为2或2~3和2。温室测定表明,用0、6%(W/W)T82麸皮培养物(107cfu/g)处理土壤。在人工接种白绢病菌,立枯丝核菌及瓜果腐霉20天后,黄瓜发病率分别比未用木霉处理的对照减少46、5%,28.4%和81。2%;用T82和NF9木霉孢子悬浮液(108cfu/ml)处理黄瓜种子,人工接种白绢病菌11天后,黄瓜成苗率分别比未用木霉处理的对照增加14%的20%。分别在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察到木霉T82对白绢病菌菌丝和菌核的重寄生以及木霉T82和NF9对立枯丝核菌菌丝的缠绕。穿入及寄生。作者认为重寄生可能是试验木霉菌株T82和NF9对白绢病菌和立枯丝核菌的主要拮抗机制。 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is caused by the soilborne Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (synonym F. virguliforme). In a sequential approach, two multifactor factorial-design microplot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fungal infestation levels and soil moisture on both root necrosis and foliar SDS severity, and the interaction between F. solani f. sp. glycines and Heterodera glycines in fumigated versus nonfumigated soil. In 2003, soybean cv. Spencer was grown in nonfumigated or methyl bromide-fumigated soil and infested with increasing levels of F. solani f. sp. glycines, either under rainfall or irrigated after growth stage V6/R1. In 2004, interactions between F. solani f. sp. glycines and H. glycines were explored in a factorial inoculation design in fumigated or nonfumigated soil, planted to Williams 82 or Cyst-X20-18. In both years, higher levels of foliar SDS severity and root necrosis were found in F. solani f. sp. glycines-infested soils with H. glycines than in soils without the nematode on the soybean cultivars susceptible to both pathogens. Both natural infestations of H. glycines in 2003 and artificially amended populations of H. glycines in 2004 contributed to higher foliar SDS severity. More severe foliar SDS symptoms always were associated with more root necrosis, but elevated levels of root necrosis did not predict severe leaf symptoms. In contrast to the critical role of H. glycines, increasing fungal infestation levels had no significant effects on increasing either foliar SDS symptoms or root necrosis. Effects of moisture regime and fungal infestation levels also were examined in factorial greenhouse and growth chamber experiments. High soil moisture resulted in higher levels of SDS root necrosis. In the greenhouse, root necrosis increased at a higher rate in low soil moisture than the rate in high soil moisture. The two pathogens acted as a complex and the disease development was strongly dependent on high soil moisture. 相似文献