共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
Fluxes of protons with energies of approximately 550 kev and electrons with energies of approximately 300 kev which exceed approximately 10(4) and 10(5) cm(-2) sec(-1), respectively, have been discovered in the magnetosphere of Mercury. Electron fluxes > 10(3) cm(-2) sec(-1) also are observed in the outbound pass of the Mariner 10 spacecraft throuigh the magnetosheath. The intensity versus time profiles of the particle fluxes in the magnetosphere appear with sudden onsets of approximately 10(4) cm(-2) sec(-1) beginning at interplanetary background levels and persisting for times equivalent to their being distriblited spatially over regions having a scale size comparable to the planetary radius. For a spectral form dJ/dE alpha E-gamma, where J is the differential particle intensity and E is the kinetic energy, the typical values of gamma are gamma(p) = 5.5 for protons above 500 kev and gamma(e) >/= 9 for electrons above 170 kev. Large coherent electron intensity oscillations (variations of factors of 10 to 100) have been discovered with characteristic periods of approximately 6 seconds and with higher frequency components. In some cases proton bursts are found in phase with these oscillations. On the basis of the experimental evidence and a knowledge of the general magnetic field intensities and directions along the trajectory of Mariner 10 provided by the magnetic field observations, it is shown that the radiation events observed in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath are transient and are not interpretable in terms of stable trapped particle populations. Furthermtiore, experimental evidence strongly supports the view that the particles are impulsively accelerated and that the acceleration source is not more distant from the point of observation along lines of force than approximately 8 x 10(3) to 16 x 10(3) kilometers (3 to 6.5 units of Mercury's radius). Candidates for the regions most likely to be sources of particle acceleration are discussed, namely, the magnetotail and the magnetosheath. It is pointed out that the phenomena discovered at Mercury will place more stringent conditions on allowed mnodels for electron and proton acceleration than have heretofore been possible in studies within the earth's magnetosphere. 相似文献
2.
Hess WN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1969,164(3887):1512-1513
On 26 January 1969 an Aerobee 350 rocket was fired from Wallops Island, Virginia, carrying an electron accelerator. Above 230 kilometers the electron guns put out a beam of 0.5 ampere of 10 kev electrons in pulses of 1-second duration aimed downward along the earth's magnetic field lines. The interaction of electron beam with the atmosphere at an altitude of about 100 kilometers generated enough light so that the auroral rays produced could be photographed on the ground by television camera systems. 相似文献
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[目的]研究N+离子束注入对生防菌枯草芽孢杆菌存活率和突变率的影响。[方法]对离子束注入前样品处理方法进行优化,包括枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养时间、稀释浓度、稀释溶剂和菌膜干燥时间;采用N+离子束注入进行诱变处理,并通过平板对峙法和牛津杯法筛选菌株。[结果]N+离子束注入样品前处理最佳条件为:枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养20~24h,利用无菌水将菌液稀释到106个/ml,菌膜干燥时间为0~60min;离子束注入诱变的最佳条件为:注入能量30kev,剂量为2.0×1014~4.0×1014ions/cm2,枯草芽孢杆菌存活率为8.43%~26.71%,突变率为3.50%~5.43%。[结论]该研究结果为枯草芽孢杆菌离子束注入诱变育种方法的研究提供了参考依据,同时也为其他生防菌的辐射诱变育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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[目的]研究N+离子束注入对生防菌枯草芽孢杆菌存活率和突变率的影响。[方法]对离子束注入前样品处理方法进行优化,包括枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养时间、稀释浓度、稀释溶剂和菌膜干燥时间;采用N+离子束注入进行诱变处理,并通过平板对峙法和牛津杯法筛选菌株。[结果]N+离子束注入样品前处理最佳条件为:枯草芽孢杆菌液体培养20～24 h,利用无菌水将菌液稀释到106个/ml,菌膜干燥时间为0～60 min;离子束注入诱变的最佳条件为:注入能量30 kev,剂量为2×1014～4×1014ions/cm2,枯草芽孢杆菌存活率为8.43%～26.71%,突变率为3.50%～5.43%。[结论]该研究结果为枯草芽孢杆菌离子束注入诱变育种方法的研究提供了参考依据,同时也为其他生防菌的辐射诱变育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
McCracken KG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,154(3752):1000-1002
The emission of 20 to 60 kev x-rays by an astronomical object in the constellation of Cygnus has been observed with a balloon-borne x-ray telescope flown from Hyderabad, India. The balloon data, used in conjunction with data pertaining to the flux in the wavelength range from 2 to 10 A can be fitted by a power law in photon energy varying as (h(v))-(1.7). The Cygnus object is the brightest object in the sky in the hard x-ray wavelength range and has the hardest spectrum of all observed objects that emit x-rays. The astronomical object should be capable of accelerating protons up to energies of the order of 10(18) electron volts. Upper limits to the hard x-ray fluxes from Sco XR-1, Cyg XR-2, Oph XR-1, and Ser XR-1 are established; it is shown that the Sco XR-1 spectrum is very soft. 相似文献
6.
Madey TE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4774):316-322
Techniques for analyzing the structure and composition of solid surfaces with electron and photon beams often cause radiation damage in samples. Damage-producing processes compete with information-producing events during measurements, and beam damage can be a serious perturbation in quantitative surface analysis. There are, however, substantial benefits of electron- and photonstimulated damage processes for studying molecules adsorbed on surfaces. Direct information about the geometric structure of surface molecules can be obtained from measurements of the angular distributions of ions released by electron- or photon-stimulated desorption. The directions of ion emission are determined by the orientation of the surface bonds that are ruptured by beam irradiation. Moreover, photon-stimulated desorption studies that make use of synchrotron radiation reveal the fundamental electronic excitations that lead to bondbreaking processes at surfaces. These measurements provide new insights into radiation-damage processes in areas as diverse as x-ray optics and semiconductor electronics. 相似文献
7.
Three cosmic x-ray sources have been observed from a water-launched rocket carrying two x-ray detectors to an altitude of 200 kilometers. The x-ray spectra, measured in the photon energy range between I and 40 kiloelectron volts, are all different. The sources in order of hardness of spectra are Cyg XR-1, Tau XR-1, and Sco XR-1. The intensity of Sco XR-J decreased at low photon energies. The differences in spectra might source mechanisms. 相似文献
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[目的]研究鳗鱼骨矿物质的脱除工艺。[方法]以料液比、温度、盐酸浓度、换液频率、搅拌与否为因素,鳗鱼骨浸酸过程中矿物质钙的溶出速率为指标,研究各因素对鳗鱼骨矿物质脱除的影响,确定鳗鱼骨矿物质的脱除工艺。[结果]鳗鱼骨胶原蛋白提取过程中用盐酸溶液脱除其中的矿物质,可提高胶原蛋白质量。料液比为1∶8(g/ml)时,鳗鱼骨浸酸过程中钙离子可充分溶出。随着盐酸浓度的增加,鳗鱼骨浸酸过程中钙离子的溶出量增加。鳗鱼骨矿物质的最佳脱除工艺为:盐酸浓度0.5 mol/L,料液比1∶8(g/ml),温度15℃,静置,每1 h换液1次,共换3次。[结论]脱除矿物质后,鳗鱼骨的灰分含量由41.22%降低至0.03%,蛋白质含量由40.54%提高至81.47%。 相似文献
9.
张益才 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,16(2)
用光束就是光子流的观点不能够解释光的干涉,用电子束就是电子流的观点也不能解释电子的干涉,唯有用微观粒子的几率幅能够圆满地解释其干涉.因而,干涉可以理解为是两个几率幅之间的干涉.所以,从干涉实验来看,量子理论的最基本的概念,或者说,微观粒子的本性,应当是几率幅,而不是波粒二象性. 相似文献
10.
低能N+离子束诱导小麦农艺性状变异的细胞学基础 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用剂量不同的低能(E=30kev)N+离子注入小麦稳定品系CH3286干种子,对M3代植株的株高、生育期(抽穗期)、抗病性、穗型和产量等农艺性状的变异进行了分析,对产生这种诱变效应的细胞学机制进行了细致的研究。结果表明,N+离子注入对小麦农艺性状的影响主要表现在生育期(抽穗期)、株高、穗型和产量性状,对抗病性改善不大。对产量性状的影响主要表现在对千粒重、株粒重、株粒数的影响,使千粒重极显著的降低(F=0.01),而使株粒重和株粒数显著的增加(F=0.05),对穗长、穗颈长、剑叶长、结实小穗数的影响不大。低能N+离子束注入,影响M1代小麦植株花粉母细胞减数分裂,使中期Ⅰ细胞的染色体配对频率降低,单价体频率增高,出现环状染色体、染色体断臂和多价体;在减数分裂后期和末期细胞中,染色体桥、落后染色体、染色体断片和微核等染色体畸变频率比未注入小麦显著增高,其中以染色体断片和微核居多;染色体的畸变频率与离子注入剂量呈正相关,剂量越大,畸变频率越高,变异类型也相对较多。低能N+离子束诱导花粉母细胞减数分裂行为异常是其诱导小麦农艺性状变异的重要原因,并呈明显的剂量效应。 相似文献
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With photon tunneling microscopy it is possible to image polymeric and other dielectric surfaces by means of the unusual properties of photon tunneling or evanescent waves. Vertical resolution is 1 nanometer, limited by the detector, over a vertical range of half a wavelength. Lateral resolution is better than a quarter of a wavelength over a field of view up to 125 micrometers. Samples can be surveyed in real time in air, with no need for metallization, and without shadowing or the intrusive effects of electrons or scanning probes. The use of this technique to study single crystals of polyethylene and processes such as latex film formation and the evolution of polystyrene topography while dewetting above the glass transition temperature are described. 相似文献
13.
根据家禽胫骨结构特点,结合Ｘ射线胶片薄层色谱技术,采用６种不同的测算方法检测肉鸡胫骨骨质密度,并与胫骨灰化度进行比较,结果表明,此技术可用地禽类骨质密度的检测;禽类骨质密度应为侧位（正位）骨Ｘ射线影扫描曲一谷峰值对应的铝当量与检测部位正位骨皮质Ｘ射线影宽之比值。 相似文献
14.
畜禽骨骼中含丰富的蛋白质和矿物质元素，尤其钙的含量高，钙磷比值适宜。本实验用新鲜猪长骨和肋骨，经破碎、研磨制成鲜骨糊，再经烘干、碾细、制成骨糊粉，添加到膳食中。实验动物选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ刚断乳的雄性大白鼠２８只，按体重配对随机分成四组。实验期４周。实验表明，低钙膳食中添加骨糊，可显著增加肠钙吸收量（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高股骨灰分绝对含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）、骨矿盐含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）和骨矿盐密度（Ｐ＜０．０５）。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨不同冲泡方式青云茶水中矿物元素含量的变化规律。[方法]以青云茶叶2 g,用45 ml沸高纯水冲泡5 min 3次,得出3道茶水,用原子吸收光谱法分别测定3道茶水中矿物元素含量;然后改变冲泡时间为10和20 min,测定3道茶水中矿物元素含量;再改变水温为80℃,冲泡20 min,测定3道茶水中矿物元素含量。[结果]云南省金平县青云茶含有丰富的矿物元素Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu,为品质优良茶叶,其茶水中矿物元素含量顺序为Mn>Zn>Cu>Fe。青云茶矿物元素含量以第1道茶水最高,且随冲泡次数的增加而减少。Mn、Zn、Cu元素含量随冲泡时间的增加而增高,Fe元素含量则随浸泡时间增加而减少。80~100℃的水对矿物元素溶出量的影响不大。[结论]用原子吸收光谱法能准确测定茶叶中的矿物元素含量,回收率在97.25%~102.50%,且方法简单、快捷,同一样品处理液可以连续测定多种矿物元素的含量。 相似文献
16.
Blood velocity measurements in human retinal vessels 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Laser Doppler velocimetry was used to measure the velocity of blood in human retinal vessels. The mean flow velocities obtained were 1.9 centimeters per second in a retinal vein and 2.2 centimeters per second in a retinal artery. Scattered light from a weak helium-neon laser beam focused on the vessel was detected by a photomultiplier, and the temporal correlation of the intensity fluctuations was measured with a photon counting autocorrelator. Autocorrelation functions for blood flowing through glass capillaries were used for calibration. 相似文献
17.
为了找到一种对农产品中矿质元素进行快速鉴定的物理方法,利用激光诱导击穿光谱分析法对产自山西省太谷县的3个品种红枣果实中的矿质元素Ca、Fe、Na含量进行了测定.结果表明,不同品种红枣果肉中的矿质元素含量之间差异不显著,但同一品种中Fe元素的含量要明显高于Ca和Na元素的含量.激光诱导击穿光谱技术作为一种快速的检测手段可以应用于农产品的矿质营养元素检测. 相似文献
18.
Microanalysis of individual mitochondrial granules with diameters less than 1000 angstroms 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A scanning electron microscope was converted to an electron microprobe with high spatial resolution by the addition of a transmitted electron detector and a solid-state x-ray detector. Spectra obtained from mitochondrial granules of chondrocytes in situ confirm the suspected presence of calcium and phosphorus. Contamination during analysis can lead to false indications of silicon in living tissue. 相似文献
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Henny M Oberholzer S Strunk C Heinzel T Ensslin K Holland M Schonenberger C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,284(5412):296-298
A Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment for a beam of electrons has been realized in a two-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime. A metallic split gate serves as a tunable beam splitter to partition the incident beam into transmitted and reflected partial beams. In the nonequilibrium case the fluctuations in the partial beams are shown to be fully anticorrelated, demonstrating that fermions exclude each other. In equilibrium, the cross-correlation of current fluctuations at two different contacts is also found to be negative and nonzero, provided that a direct transmission exists between the contacts. 相似文献