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1.
Drosophila melanogaster treated with LSD: absence of mutation and chromosome breakage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Injection of lysergic acid diethylamide in Drosophila melanogaster males induced no mutations or chromosome breaks in premeiotic, meiotic, or postmeiotic sperm. Tests included those for sex-linked lethals, sex-linked visibles, a specific visible (dumpy), and translocations. Some implications of these experiments are discussed. 相似文献
2.
D S Grosch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,155(762):592-593
Brine shrimp die within 5 days after being given doses of above 10(-5) parts of DDT per million. At this and lower doses, shrimp deposited broods at a normal frequency, and cysts predominated. The number of cysts that emerged and the survival of larvae to adulthood from broods of treated parents exceeded those from controls. Therefore lethality based on induced dominant or sex-linked recessive gene mutation was not evident. Decreased fecundity is due to maternal debility. 相似文献
3.
【目的】利用重要的模式生物果蝇研究沙丁胺醇的作用机制,探索瘦肉精对生物体产生的影响及其分子机制,为进一步在生产中开发出更快速、精准且高效的瘦肉精检测方法提供重要的基础。【方法】将果蝇一龄幼虫放到不同浓度的沙丁胺醇培养基上饲喂,每天记录果蝇化蛹和羽化的情况,并统计出果蝇的化蛹率和羽化率及化蛹时间和羽化时间。收集24 h内羽化的果蝇,放入不同浓度沙丁胺醇培养基和基础培养基中,每管放入雌雄果蝇各25只,每个浓度设置4个平行实验。每天记录果蝇的存活数,每3 d更换一次培养基,直至果蝇全部死亡。分别统计雌雄果蝇半数死亡天数,平均寿命和平均最高寿命。收集不同浓度沙丁胺醇培养基上的3日龄成虫,雌雄果蝇各取15只放入离心管,研磨制成组织匀浆,离心（2 500 r/min,10 min）后取上清,然后按照试剂盒的方法测定SOD和CAT活力,同时检测MDA的含量;以果蝇3日龄成虫的中肠细胞为研究对象,采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术（Single cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE）对细胞进行处理,经EB染色后,在荧光显微镜下观察果蝇细胞DNA损伤情况并拍照,结合CometscoreTM软件对图像进行分析。【结果】在沙丁胺醇的作用下,果蝇化蛹率和羽化率随处理浓度增加而降低,但是经统计分析发现差异不显著（P＞0.05）,对果蝇化蛹时间和羽化时间也没有显著影响（P＞0.05）;用沙丁胺醇饲喂果蝇之后,对3日龄成虫体内SOD、CAT活力和MDA含量进行测定表明,随处理浓度的增加使体内MDA含量显著增加（P＜0.05）,CAT的活力被抑制,呈现出显著降低的趋势（P＜0.05）,促使体内抗氧化系统产生作用SOD活力显著提高（P＜0.05）;正是由于机体内抗氧化系统的保护机制产生作用,使得在一定浓度下处理的果蝇寿命呈现增加的趋势。对果蝇DNA损伤检测的试验表明,经沙丁胺醇处理之后,果蝇细胞就出现损伤,在SCGE的检测下可以观察到DNA损伤形成的拖尾,并且随着浓度的增加损伤情况也越严重,但是彗星图片中没有出现细胞核首尾分离的情况,可知沙丁胺醇并没有引起细胞凋亡。经统计分析,各处理浓度组的“彗星”尾长（Tail length, TL）、尾距（Olive tail moment, OTM）和尾部DNA百分含量（% DNA in tail）,与对照组相比,均有显著差异（P＜0.05）。【结论】沙丁胺醇对果蝇化蛹和羽化没有显著影响;对果蝇抗氧化系统产生作用,抑制CAT活力,使SOD活力显著增加,使得在较高浓度处理时出现显著延长果蝇的寿命的情况;经沙丁胺醇处理之后,就会引起果蝇DNA损伤并且与对照组存在显著差异,但是并没有出现细胞凋亡的情况。 相似文献
4.
为了寻找一种比较适合果蝇生长且性价比合适的果蝇培养基,以麸皮、香蕉、玉米粉等3种农产品为主要原料配制不同培养基设计试验培养果蝇.结果表明,以麸皮为主原料的培养基,对果蝇的生长较有利,且培养基表面物理特性较稳定,价格便宜,是一种培养果蝇的理想农产品培养基. 相似文献
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我国南方常见的6种寡毛实蝇PCR-RFLP快速鉴定研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用PCR—RFLP技术，对我国南方发生和诱捕到的6种寡毛实蝇开展了快速鉴定方法研究，结果表明，设计出的2组引物对6种供试实蝇线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的PCR扩增片断大小分别约为350bp和450bp。用限制性内切酶MSEI和DRAI对PCR扩增产物进行酶切，得到的酶切位点可将供试的6种实蝇区分开来。该方法不受供试实蝇食物源的影响，对各种虫态(卵、幼虫、蛹)和不同性别的成虫均适用，可用于实蝇的快速鉴定。 相似文献
7.
建立了酸枣离体组织培养结合^60Co-γ射线辐照获得突变株的技术。（1)酸枣叶片外植体在含有ZEA 1mg/L,2,4-D0.5mg/L和NAA0.5mg/L的MS培养基上诱导愈伤组织：经^60Co-γ射线辐照后在含有ZEA1mg/L和NAA0.5mg/L的MS培养基上诱导幼苗；（2）试管苗用20-30Gy^60Co-γ射线辐照后，在BAP2mg/L和IBA0.4mg/L的MS培养基上进行不定苗繁殖。（3）不定苗在含有IBA1mg/L和IAA0.4mg/L的MS培养基上生根。此外，用200-450Gy^60Co-γ射线辐照种仁，也能获得突变株。 相似文献
8.
成都白鸡快、慢羽纯系的选育及羽型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1982年我室就成都白鸡羽型,快,慢羽纯系的选育、K(慢)、k(快)基因频率及杂种鸡羽速自别雌雄的准确率等进行了研究。按主翼羽和覆主翼羽生长状况,该鸡种初生雏羽型分为:快羽一型,慢羽三型。K(慢),k(快)基因频率分别为0.1602和0.8398。表型鸡经测交,纯繁选育出成都白鸡快,慢羽两个品系。以成都白鸡慢羽母鸡同快羽京白公鸡杂交,其杂种鸡羽速自别雌雄的准确率为99.13%。 相似文献
9.
[目的]探讨各培养基成分对雌果蝇寿命的影响。[方法]通过测定雌果蝇的寿命、鲜重及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,研究了不同培养基成分对雌果蝇寿命及体重的影响。[结果]含酵母粉的培养基显著延长了雌果蝇的寿命,而浓度变化对雌果蝇的寿命没有显著影响;不同浓度白砂糖对雌果蝇寿命的影响呈现倒钟型的曲线,当培养基中糖浓度为40.5 g/L处果蝇出现寿命最长;若糖浓度过低和过高,都不利于果蝇的生长,存活率呈急剧下降趋势;果蝇鲜重随着糖浓度的升高出现下降的趋势;不同糖浓度下SOD活性的变化并没有出现随寿命延长而呈逐渐升高的趋势。[结论]酵母粉浓度变化对处女蝇的寿命延长无显著影响,一定糖浓度使果蝇处于饥饿状态,寿命最长。 相似文献
10.
The Drosophila abelson (abl) gene encodes the homolog of the mammalian c-abl cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and is an essential gene for the development of viable adult flies. Three second-site mutations that suppress the lethality caused by the absence of abl function have been isolated, and all three map to the gene enabled (ena). The mutations are recessive embryonic lethal mutations but act as dominant mutations to compensate for the neural defects of abl mutants. Thus, mutations in a specific gene can compensate for the absence of a tyrosine kinase. 相似文献
11.
Age-dependent changes in proteins of Drosophila melanogaster 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J E Fleming E Quattrocki G Latter J Miquel R Marcuson E Zuckerkandl K G Bensch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,231(4742):1157-1159
Several molecular theories of aging postulate that there are age-dependent changes in gene expression and that these changes contribute to the reduction in the viability of senescent cells. High-resolution, semiautomated, quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of many soluble proteins was used to test this hypothesis in Drosophila. Two-dimensional protein gel patterns were analyzed for each of three age groups of [(35)S]methionine-labeled adult male Drosophila melanogaster, which, except for their spermatocytes, consist entirely of fixed postmitotic cells. Seven relatively abundant polypeptides expressed in middle-aged (28-day-old) flies were absent in both young(10-day-old) and old (44-day-old) flies. Quantitative analyses of an additional 100 polypeptides were carried out by computer-assisted microdensitometry of fluorograms of the gel preparations. These analyses revealed a significant age-related heterogeneity in the quantitative distribution of radiolabel in these proteins. The data indicate that the qualitative pattern of gene expression is identical in young and old flies, but that profound quantitative changes occur in the expression of proteins during the Drosophila life-span. 相似文献
12.
Didelot G Molinari F Tchénio P Comas D Milhiet E Munnich A Colleaux L Preat T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5788):851-853
Mutations in the human neurotrypsin gene are associated with autosomal recessive mental retardation. To further understand the pathophysiological consequences of the lack of this serine protease, we studied Tequila (Teq), the Drosophila neurotrypsin ortholog, using associative memory as a behavioral readout. We found that teq inactivation resulted in a long-term memory (LTM)-specific defect. After LTM conditioning of wild-type flies, teq expression transiently increased in the mushroom bodies. Moreover, specific inhibition of teq expression in adult mushroom bodies resulted in a reversible LTM defect. Hence, the Teq pathway is essential for information processing in Drosophila. 相似文献
13.
Radiation induced mutagenesis followed by in vitro selection was employed for salt tolerance in popular Indian sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cv.CoC-671.Embryogenic calli were gamma irradiated and exposed to different levels of NaCl (42.8,85.6,128.3,171.1,213.9,256.7,299.5,or 342.2 mM).The relative growth rate (RGR) decreased progressively with increasing salt stress and was the least with a salt stress of 256.7 mM (0.25±0.009),almost 10 fold lesser than the control.The RGR was significantly lower in 85.6 mM and higher salt stressed calli than the control.The survival percent also decreased,with an increase in NaC1 concentration.In case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli,regeneration was observed up to 85.6 mM NaCl selection,medium,whereas,higher treatments (128.3 mM and beyond) exhibited browning initially.However,in the subsequent subcultures,regeneration was obtained in the case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on 128.3 and 171.1 mM NaCI selections.Higher dose of gamma irradiation (40 Gy) also showed regeneration,but only with 85.6 mM NaCI selection.The unirradiated calli regenerated the highest number of plantlets followed by 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on salt selection.A total of 147 plantlets were selected from different salt levels.The salt selected plants are being tested for their field performance. 相似文献
14.
Erythrocyte deformation in human muscular dystrophy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Erythrocytes from patients with congenital muscular dystrophy exhibit dramatic surface deformation when observed with a scanning electron microscope. A similar alteration, but one affecting a smaller proportion of cells, occurs in the case of female carriers of the sex-linked Duchenne dystrophic condition. These observed changes in the erythrocyte surface may reflect a systemic defect in membrane properties. 相似文献
15.
An analysis of new data concerning the sex of children born to the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, together with a reanalysis of the data previously presented by Neel and Schull (9), reveals significant changes in the sex ratio of these children, changes in the direction to be expected if exposure had resulted in the induction of sex-linked lethal mutations (16). 相似文献
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Diabetes, a new mutation in the mouse 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
Diabetes (db), which occurred in an inbred strain of mouse, is inherited as a unit autosomal recessive and is characterized by a metabolic disturbance resembling diabetes mellitus in man. Abnormal deposition of fat at 3 to 4 weeks of age is followed shortly by hyperglycemia, polyuria, and glycosuria. Accompanying morphological changes in the islets of Langerhans suggest neogenesis to compensate for insulin depletion. 相似文献
18.
以拟环纹豹蛛为研究对象,通过田间试验探讨拟环纹豹蛛体内镉的生物积累特征,进而定量分析实际土壤镉含量与其上活动的拟环纹豹蛛体内镉含量间的关系.在为期70天的田间试验中,前42天拟环纹豹蛛体内镉的积累变化与染镉喂食量显著相关(P0.01);后28天的饱和期内,其体内镉的积累量既不因停止摄取镉而减少,也不因继续摄取镉而增加,说明拟环纹豹蛛体内镉含量的富集饱和期为42天.通过实际受污染生境调查得到与田间试验一致的结论,即处于未饱和期的拟环纹豹蛛体内镉含量与其生境土壤镉含量存在极显著正相关. 相似文献
19.
以黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)为试验材料,探讨了亚硝酸钠对果蝇寿命的影响及维生素C(Vc)的拮抗作用.结果表明:培养基中添加亚硝酸钠可以显著缩短果蝇的平均寿命,添加30、120和480 mg/mL亚硝酸钠处理组的雌果蝇平均寿命分别减少17.60%、44.47%和68.52%,雄性果蝇分别减... 相似文献
20.
【目的】豁眼鹅产蛋性能优良,是中国宝贵的地方家禽资源。作为豁眼鹅的品种标志,豁眼性状的遗传规律有待揭示。文章通过构建鹅豁眼性状F_2资源群,结合表型分析,验证决定豁眼性状基因为隐性遗传的假设,从而了解豁眼性状的遗传机制,为豁眼鹅遗传资源利用提供理论依据。【方法】选用20只豁眼公鹅和100只豁眼母鹅为亲本,组建随机交配群产生豁眼鹅纯系F_1代,观察F_1代中眼睑的表现和分离比例;资源群采用远交群体F_2设计,选用豁眼鹅(3只♂,15只♀)和四川白鹅(3只♂,15只♀)为亲本建立资源群,正反交交配产生F_1代,F_1代在避开近交的前提下互交产生F_2代,观察资源群F_1和F_2代中眼睑的表现和分离比例。【结果】豁眼鹅纯系随机交配下一代的豁眼表型比例为89%(n=444),11%(n=444)的个体为正常眼睑表型,其中,豁眼与正常表型公鹅的实际比值为7﹕1(n=238),与理论值差异不显著(χ~2=2.09χ~2_(0.05)(1)=3.84),母鹅的实际比值为10﹕1(n=206),与理论值差异不显著(χ~2=0.06χ~2_(0.05)(1)=3.84),表明决定豁眼性状的基因为隐性遗传的假设为正确的;同时,提示豁眼性状可能由两个基因座决定的,其中一个基因座影响眼睑形成,另一个起修饰作用的基因座影响豁眼表型的外显率。②豁眼鹅与四川白鹅的反交F_1代群体中公鹅和母鹅全部为正常眼睑,表明豁眼性状相对正常眼睑为隐性遗传。③正交F_1代中公鹅100%(n=71)为正常眼睑,母鹅中83%(n=76)的个体表现豁眼,17%(n=76)的个体表现正常,其中,豁眼母鹅与正常表型母鹅的实际比值为5﹕1(n=76),与理论值差异不显著(χ~2=3.51χ~2_(0.05)(1)=3.84),表明豁眼性状呈伴性遗传。④正交F_2群体中豁眼公、母鹅与正常眼睑实际比值分别为5﹕8(n=102)和2﹕3(n=94),与理论比值差异不显著(χ~2=0.36,0.02χ~2_(0.05)(1)=3.84);同时,反交F_2群体中豁眼公、母鹅与正常眼睑的实际比值分别为0﹕1(n=61)和5﹕7(n=60),与相应的理论比值差异不显著(χ~2=0.02χ~2_(0.05)(1)=3.84),正反交F_2群体中公母鹅的豁眼表型分离情况进一步证实了豁眼性状呈伴性隐性遗传的遗传规律。【结论】豁眼性状相对正常眼睑为隐性遗传,且呈伴性遗传;豁眼性状的形成主要受两个基因座的影响,一个起主要作用的基因座位于Z染色体上,另一个修饰作用的基因座位于常染色体上。 相似文献