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1.
日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂主要脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
日粮中分别添加相当于40.0 g粗脂肪的油菜籽、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了羊体背最长肌、肾脏脂肪和尾部脂肪的主要脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:日粮对肌肉中FA组成的影响较对脂肪组织的大;在所测定的3个部位中,C14∶0最为稳定,不受日粮影响;在脂肪组织中,C16∶1、C18∶1也不受日粮的影响,但肌肉中C18∶1含量因添加红花籽显著增大;添加亚麻籽有提高脂肪组织中C18∶3的趋势,其余油籽有使各部位C18∶3含量下降的趋势,以油葵组下降最为明显;除油菜籽(富含C18∶1)外,富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的油籽有使C16∶0降低的作用.羊体不同部位脂肪酸组成存在较大的差异:C18∶1在尾脂中的含量极显著或显著地(多数情况为极显著)高于其它部位,而肾脏中含量最低;C16:1在不同部位的差异与C18∶1相同;C16∶0、C18∶0以尾脂中最低;C18∶2的含量在肌肉中最低.从尾部、肌肉到肾脏,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例降低,而饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例上升.不管在何部位,C18∶1在所有脂肪酸中所占比例最高;C18∶0在肾脏脂肪中占第2位,在肌肉和尾脂中占第3位,而C16∶0在肾脏居第3位,在其余部位居第2. 相似文献
2.
本研究测定了肥育秦川阉牛脂肪组织7种高级脂肪酸的含量,分析了增重剂Rcvalor、脂肪沉积部位及体重的影响。研究发现,埋植Revalor显著提高了秦川阉牛脂肪组织中硬脂酸与亚油酸含量,降低了棕榈酸、棕榈油酸及油酸含量,而对豆蔻酸及豆蔻油酸含量均无显著影响;肾脂的总饱和脂酸含量极显著高于肌肉脂,而后者又显著高于皮下脂;体重对各种脂肪组织的脂酸组成均无明显影响。 相似文献
3.
【目的】旨在阐明患脂肪肝奶牛体内代谢、内分泌以及肝和脂肪中3个基因表达的变化。【方法】分别对10头患脂肪肝奶牛和10头健康奶牛进行血液指标和肝脂含量的检测,利用半定量RT-PCR检测奶牛肝PEPCK-C mRNA的丰度,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测脂肪Lp mRNA和HSL mRNA的丰度。【结果】①脂肪肝奶牛血糖浓度显著降低（P＜0.01）,血浆NEFA和BHBA的浓度显著升高（P＜0.01）,肝脂（约41.98%左右）和血清AST活性显著增加（P＜0.01）,血清γ-GT、TBI、CHE显著升高（P＜0.05）;②脂肪肝奶牛Ins浓度、Ins/Gn明显升高（P＜0.05）,肝PEPCK-C和脂肪HSL mRNA表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;③脂肪Lp mRNA表达水平和血浆Lp、NPY浓度显著下降（P＜0.05）。【结论】患脂肪肝奶牛存在严重的能量代谢障碍和明显的肝功障碍,体内Ins与Gn、Lp与NPY之间失调,肝PEPCK-C和脂肪HSL、Lp的基因表达减弱,是病牛能量代谢障碍发生的重要机制。 相似文献
4.
用气相色谱技术测定了长白猪皮下及肌间脂肪中8种脂肪酸的含量,分析了埋植Anabolic的影响。发现埋植Anabolic显著降低了豆蔻酸、硬脂酸和饱和脂肪酸总量(SFA)的比例,提高了棕榈酸以及不饱和脂肪酸总量(UFA)的比例。Anabolic的A,B两种剂型比较,以B剂型的作用较强。此外,皮下脂肪中未测出棕榈油酸,没有发现肌间脂肪中有亚麻酸和花生烯酸;前者富含棕榈酸、亚油酸、UFA和多聚不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),后者豆蔻酸和SFA较多。肌间脂肪的脂肪酸易受Anabolic的影响。 相似文献
5.
High activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adipose tissue of Weddell seals suggest that neutral fat may be assembled there from exogenous sources of fatty acids. Low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in other tissues tested precludes assignment of the function of fatty-acid synthesis to any specific tissue and emphasizes uniqueness of adipose mass in seals. 相似文献
6.
从大鲵的尾部开始,每隔1 cm切取大鲵肉块,观察其脂肪组织分布;通过石蜡切片、HE染色后观察脂肪细胞;通过流变仪测定大鲵脂肪粘度;通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析大鲵脂肪的脂肪酸组成。结果表明,大鲵脂肪主要集中于尾部2/3处至尾尖,尾部2/3处至尾鳍部脂肪含量显著减少,尾鳍部只存在极少量的皮下脂肪;脂肪细胞有较强的流动性,易变形、易碎;脂肪具牛顿流体特性,粘度为0.0289Paos;大鲵脂肪主要含13种脂肪酸(C18:124.2%,C16:015.4%,C16:113.7%,C18:28.2%,C20:56.7%,C18:34.5%,C22:64.3%,C14:13.0%,C18:02.8%,C22:52.6%,C20:42.2%,C17:02.0%,C17:11.9%)。 相似文献
7.
The occurrence of carbon isotope minima at the beginning of glacial terminations is a common feature of planktic foraminifera carbon isotopic records from the Indo-Pacific, sub-Antarctic, and South Atlantic. We use the delta13C record of a thermocline-dwelling foraminifera, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and surface temperature estimates from the eastern equatorial Pacific to demonstrate that the onset of delta13C minimum events and the initiation of Southern Ocean warming occurred simultaneously. Timing agreement between the marine record and the delta13C minimum in an Antarctic atmospheric record suggests that the deglacial events were a response to the breakdown of surface water stratification, renewed Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling, and advection of low delta13C waters to the convergence zone at the sub-Antarctic front. On the basis of age agreement between the absolute delta13C minimum in surface records and the shift from low to high delta13C in the deep South Atlantic, we suggest that the delta13C rise that marks the end of the carbon isotope minima was due to the resumption of North Atlantic Deep Water influence in the Southern Ocean. 相似文献
8.
采用气相色谱技术分析红罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)亲鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成及含量,以期为优化红罗非鱼亲鱼的饲料和饲养方式,提高精子、卵子产量和质量提供理论依据。结果显示,红罗非鱼亲鱼各组织中含量较高脂肪酸有C16:0、C16:1n-7、C18:0、C18:1n-9和亚油酸(C18:2n-6),占总脂肪酸的70%以上(精巢除外),雌鱼肌肉组织中含较高的C22:4n-6,肝胰脏组织中含较高的C22:4n-6和花生四烯酸(C20:4n-6),卵巢组织中含较高的C22:5n-3。此外还含有少量的亚麻酸(C18:3n-3)和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸。雌鱼各个组织的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)种类组成基本相同,而雄鱼性腺中SFA和MUFA含量与其他组织差异显著(P<0.05);雌鱼性腺的脂肪酸种类比雄鱼多6种;雌雄鱼腹脂和雄鱼肝胰脏中主要的多不饱和脂肪酸(PU-FA)均为C18:2n-6,雌鱼肌肉和肝胰脏中主要的PUFA为C18:2n-6、C20:4n-6和C22:4n-6,雄鱼肌肉中主要的PUFA为C18:2n-6和ARA,雌鱼卵巢中主要的PUFA为C18:2n-6、C20:3n-6、ARA、C22:5n-3和C22:6n-3(DHA),雄鱼精巢中主要的PUFA为C18:3n-6和C18:3n-3。红罗非鱼雌雄亲鱼腹脂、肝胰脏及肌肉的脂肪酸含量均为:MUFA>SFA>PUFA,卵巢为:MUFA>PUFA>SFA;雌雄亲鱼各组织PUFA含量均为性腺最高,腹脂最低;亚油酸在红罗非鱼各组织中含量显著高于亚麻酸(精巢除外)(P<0.05);EPA仅在雌亲鱼腹脂中检测到;DHA仅在红罗非鱼性腺中有一定含量;红罗非鱼四种组织n-3/n-6均小于1(精巢除外)。 相似文献
9.
CORRELL JW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,140(3565):387-388
Electrical stimulation of nerves to isolated rat and rabbit adipose tissue in vitro causes production of free fatty acids. Starvation increases the response. The response of white (epididymal) fat is prevented by sympathetic denervation. Direct evidence is provided showing that adipose tissue has the capacity to be an effector organ responsive to the nervous system. 相似文献
10.
11.
Haemmerle G Lass A Zimmermann R Gorkiewicz G Meyer C Rozman J Heldmaier G Maier R Theussl C Eder S Kratky D Wagner EF Klingenspor M Hoefler G Zechner R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5774):734-737
Fat tissue is the most important energy depot in vertebrates. The release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from stored fat requires the enzymatic activity of lipases. We showed that genetic inactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in mice increases adipose mass and leads to triacylglycerol deposition in multiple tissues. ATGL-deficient mice accumulated large amounts of lipid in the heart, causing cardiac dysfunction and premature death. Defective cold adaptation indicated that the enzyme provides FFAs to fuel thermogenesis. The reduced availability of ATGL-derived FFAs leads to increased glucose use, increased glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that ATGL is rate limiting in the catabolism of cellular fat depots and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. 相似文献
12.
The presence of a lipidbound inhibitor in adipose tissue of rats with hypothalamic obesity may explain the failure of the tissue to release fatty acids on epinephrine stinmulation. Aqueous extracts of tissue from obese animals showed no deficiency of lipase activity, but when whole homogenates of epididymal fat from lean and obese animals were mixed, 25 percent tissue from obese animals reduced by 73 percent the release expected from tissue of lean controls. 相似文献
13.
The record of carbon-13 (delta(13)C) variations in DH-11 vein calcite core from Devils Hole, Nevada, shows four prominent minima near glacial terminations (glacial-interglacial transitions) V to II. The delta(13)C time series is inversely correlated with the DH-11 oxygen isotope ratio time series and leads it by as much as 7000 years. The delta(13)C variations likely record fluctuations in the delta(13)C of dissolved inorganic carbon of water recharging the aquifer. How such variations are transported 80 kilometers to Devils Hole without obliteration by water-rock reaction remains an enigma. The record may reflect (i) global variations in the delta(13)C of atmospheric CO(2) and, hence, the delta(13)C of continental biomass or (ii) variations in extent and density of vegetation in the southern Great Basin. In the latter case, delta(13)C minima at 414, 334, 246, and 133 thousand years ago mark times of maximum vegetation. 相似文献
14.
桔梗抗肥胖机理试验研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用含有桔梗水提取物的高脂肪饲料饲喂小鼠，结果表明：含5％桔梗水提取物的高脂肪饲料与对照组比较，小鼠体重和子宫周匀明显下降；同时肝脏中三酰基甘油的水平也有所降低。研究认为：桔梗总皂苷能抑制胰脂肪酶活性，可以使胰脂肪酶的活性抑制在41．7％水平上；桔梗皂苷D、桔梗皂苷A和桔梗皂苷C可分别使其活性抑制在34．8％、3．3％和5．2％的水平上。而菊糖对胰脂肪酶活性没有抑制作用，也不能抑制高脂肪饲料引起的小鼠肥胖和脂肪肝。因此，桔梗抗肥胖作用可能是由于桔梗皂苷类成分抑制胰脂肪酶活性，从而抑制对食物脂肪的吸收。 相似文献
15.
Eclogitic diamonds have a large range of delta13C values, whereas peridotitic diamonds do not. Paired delta15N-delta13C-N variations in 40 eclogitic diamonds from the Jwaneng kimberlite in Botswana show that neither the influence of recycled biogenic carbon nor the global and primordial heterogeneity of mantle carbon are likely for the origin of the large delta13C range; the data instead support a fractionation process. It is proposed that carbonatitic mantle melts from which diamonds crystallize undergo different evolutions before diamond precipitation, when percolating through either a peridotite or an eclogite. These different evolutions, reflecting the presence or absence of olivine, can account for their respective delta13C distributions. 相似文献
16.
Continuous fatty acid oxidation and reduced fat storage in mice lacking acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA), generated by acetyl-CoA carboxylases ACC1 and ACC2, is a key metabolite in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Here, we show that Acc2-/- mutant mice have a normal life span, a higher fatty acid oxidation rate, and lower amounts of fat. In comparison to the wild type, Acc2-deficient mice had 10- and 30-fold lower levels of malonyl-CoA in heart and muscle, respectively. The fatty acid oxidation rate in the soleus muscle of the Acc2-/- mice was 30% higher than that of wild-type mice and was not affected by addition of insulin; however, addition of insulin to the wild-type muscle reduced fatty acid oxidation by 45%. The mutant mice accumulated 50% less fat in their adipose tissue than did wild-type mice. These results raise the possibility that pharmacological manipulation of ACC2 may lead to loss of body fat in the context of normal caloric intake. 相似文献
17.
Schoell M Schouten S Damsté JS de Leeuw JW Summons RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,263(5150):1122-1125
The difference in carbon-13 ((13)C) contents of hopane and sterane biomarkers in the Monterey formation (Naples Beach, California) parallels the Miocene inorganic record of the change in (18)O (delta(18)O), reflecting the Miocene evolution from a well-mixed to a highly stratified photic zone (upper 100 meters) in the Pacific. Steranes (delta(13)C = 25.4 +/- 0.7 per mil versus the Pee Dee belemnite standard) from shallow photic-zone organisms do not change isotopically throughout the Miocene. In contrast, sulfur-bound C(35) hopanes (likely derived from bacterial plankton living at the base of the photic zone) have systematically decreasing (13)C concentrations in Middle and Late Miocene samples (delta(13)C = -29.5 to -31.5 per mil), consistent with the Middle Miocene formation of a carbon dioxide-rich cold water mass at the base of the photic zone. 相似文献
18.
牦牛肉中稳定同位素指纹特征及影响因素 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
【目的】分析牦牛肉中稳定碳、氮、氢同位素组成,以及它们受地域、牧草和饮水的影响,为其产地溯源及真伪鉴别提供技术支撑。【方法】从青海省海北、海南、玉树3个不同地域采集牦牛肉、牧草及水样品,利用GPS定位采样地的经度、纬度及海拔高度,利用元素-稳定同位素比率质谱仪（EA-IRMS）分析样品中稳定碳、氮、氢同位素比率。【结果】牦牛脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ13C平均值分别为（-23.99±0.25）‰和（-28.77±0.50）‰;脱脂肌肉中的δ15N和δ2H平均值分别为（4.04±0.91）‰和（-107.99±11.08）‰。牦牛肉中δ13C、δ15N值主要受其食用的牧草影响,地域对牦牛肉中的δ13C值也有一定的影响,即牦牛肉中δ13C值有随海拔的增加而增加的趋势。青海省海北、海南、玉树3个地区牧草和水中的δ2H值均有极显著差异,牧草中δ2H值由高到低的顺序依次为海南＞海北＞玉树,水中δ2H值由高到低的顺序依次为海北＞海南＞玉树。牦牛肌肉中δ2H值由高到低的顺序依次为海南＞海北＞玉树,与牧草中δ2H值的地域变化顺序一致。说明牦牛肉中的δ2H值与牧草、饮水密切相关,均有随海拔升高而降低的趋势,且牧草对牦牛组织中氢同位素组成的影响可能大于水的影响,但这还需要进一步研究证实。【结论】牦牛肉中稳定同位素指纹与高海拔地区的牧草、饮水、地形密切相关,具有独特的指纹特征。 相似文献
19.
小麦制粉产品稳定碳、氮同位素组成特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】小麦制粉产品稳定同位素指纹相对于全粒粉是否存在分馏效应,这些产品能否用于小麦的产地溯源,以及利用稳定同位素是否能实现对小麦制粉产品来源地的鉴别还不清楚。系统分析全麦粉及各制粉产品中碳、氮同位素在地域间、基因型间的差异,揭示小麦制粉产品碳、氮同位素的组成特征及相关性,为小麦及其制品产地溯源提供理论与技术支撑。【方法】2014年将3个不同基因型小麦品种(邯6172、衡5229和周麦16),种植于河北石家庄赵县、陕西杨凌区和河南省新乡辉县。每个地域3个小区,每小区面积10 m~2,试验田按照当地小麦品种区域试验管理。2015年收获期于3个地域共采集27份小麦样品,小麦籽粒粉碎制得全麦粉;同时将小麦籽粒加工制粉,得到面粉、次粉和麸皮。利用元素分析-同位素比率质谱仪(EA-IRMS)测定全麦粉及制粉产品(麸皮、次粉和面粉)中的稳定碳、氮同位素。结合单因素方差分析及Duncan多重比较分析解析碳、氮同位素在不同地域、不同基因型以及不同制粉产品间的差异,结合皮尔逊相关分析及线性回归分析,解析不同种类样品碳、氮同位素的相关性。【结果】不同地域来源全麦粉及制粉产品中碳、氮同位素均有显著差异(P0.05),碳同位素在地域间变化趋势为杨凌辉县赵县,氮同位素在地域间变化趋势为辉县赵县杨凌;全麦粉、麸皮和面粉中碳同位素及各类产品中氮同位素在基因型间均无显著差异,次粉中碳同位素在邯6172和衡5229之间有显著差异;碳同位素在全麦粉和不同制粉产品间存在显著差异(P0.05),面粉对13C略显富集,次粉和麸皮相对贫化13C,而氮同位素在四类产品间无显著差异;全麦粉和各制粉产品碳、氮同位素相互之间均呈极显著相关关系(P0.01)。【结论】碳同位素在小麦不同制粉产品间有显著差异,氮同位素在小麦不同制粉产品间无显著差异,不同制粉产品与小麦全麦粉中碳、氮同位素呈极显著相关关系;全麦粉及制粉产品中碳、氮同位素具有显著的地域特征,可用于小麦及其制粉产品的产地溯源。 相似文献
20.
Measurements of stomatal density and delta(13)C of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) needles (leaves) preserved in pack rat middens from the Great Basin reveal shifts in plant physiology and leaf morphology during the last 30,000 years. Sites were selected so as to offset glacial to Holocene climatic differences and thus to isolate the effects of changing atmospheric CO(2) levels. Stomatal density decreased approximately 17 percent and delta(13)C decreased approximately 1.5 per mil during deglaciation from 15,000 to 12,000 years ago, concomitant with a 30 percent increase in atmospheric CO(2). Water-use efficiency increased approximately 15 percent during deglaciation, if temperature and humidity were held constant and the proxy values for CO(2) and delta(13)C of past atmospheres are accurate. The delta(13)C variations may help constrain hypotheses about the redistribution of carbon between the atmosphere and biosphere during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. 相似文献