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1.
塞罕坝主要森林类型林下植被多样性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以塞罕坝地区主要森林类型为研究对象,运用α多样性指数和β多样性指数对其林下灌木层和草本层生物多样性进行研究。结果表明,各林分类型草本层丰富度指数均大于灌木层丰富度指数。在多样性方面,灌木层的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最大的林分分别为樟子松林、山杨林,最小的是华北落叶松;草本层Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最大的林分分别为华北落叶松林、白桦林,最小的为山杨林。在均匀度上,灌木层Jsw和Jsi均匀度指数最大的林分均为樟子松,华北落叶松林最小。草本层均匀度指数Jsw最大为樟子松林,Jsi最大的为华北落叶松林,白桦和山杨都相对较小。对β多样性的研究则表明各林分类型之间灌木层和草本层的相异系数都较大,不同林分之间共有种较少。 相似文献
2.
1980-2005年大兴安岭森林火灾灌木、草本和地被物烟气释放量的估算 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
应用排放因子法,对大兴安岭林区1980—2005年间森林火灾中不同林型下灌木、草本和地被物层气体释放量进行估算。结果表明:大兴安岭25年间森林火灾灌木、草本和地被物层CO2,CO,CxHy,NO,SO2的释放量分别为25.04×106,5.72×106,0.21×106,0.09×106和0.24×106t。其中白桦-落叶松林、白桦-杜鹃林和蒙古栎-胡枝子林是气体释放量较多的林型,约占总排放量的70%以上。此外大兴安岭林区森林火灾SO2和NO的释放量可达到我国总生物质燃烧释放量的50%左右,其释放量与农业上备受关注的秸秆燃烧相当。 相似文献
3.
百花山5种典型林分枯落物蓄积量及持水特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以北京百花山国家级自然保护区5种典型林分类型为研究对象,对其枯落物层的蓄积量及持水特性进行定量分析。结果表明:5种林分枯落物蓄积量中华北落叶松林(15.75t/hm^2)>核桃楸林(9.99t/hm^2)和白杄林(10.27t/hm^2)>蒙古栎林(7.34t/hm^2)>黑桦(7.04t/hm^2),针叶林枯落物层中未分解层蓄积量占比明显高于阔叶林分;枯落物蓄积量总持水量中华北落叶松林(2.91mm)>核桃楸林(2.77mm)>黑桦(1.90mm)与蒙古栎林(1.83mm)>白杄林(1.29mm),针叶林枯落物层中未分解层持水量大于半分解层,而阔叶林枯落物层则表现为半分解层大于未分解层。针叶林未分解层枯落物的蓄积及水文效应高于半分解层,而阔叶林半分解层枯落物的蓄积及水文效应高于未分解层。 相似文献
4.
利用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究大兴安岭4种典型落叶松林(藓类-兴安落叶松林、杜香-兴安落叶松林、草类-兴安落叶松林和杜鹃-兴安落叶松林)在生长季主要温室气体(CO_2、CH_4和N_2O)排放通量特征及与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:4种落叶松林均为CO_2的排放源,平均排放通量分别为45.88(藓类-兴安落叶松林)、38.68(杜香-兴安落叶松林)、54.54(草类-兴安落叶松林)和62.98(杜鹃-兴安落叶松林) mg·m~(-2)h~(-1)。其中杜鹃-兴安落叶松林排放通量最高,4种林型土壤CO_2排放通量均与土壤温度呈显著正相关。CH_4平均排放通量依次为0.089(藓类-兴安落叶松林)、-0.037(杜香-兴安落叶松林)、0.004(草类-兴安落叶松林)和-0.03(杜鹃-兴安落叶松林)mg·m~(-2)h~(-1),藓类-兴安落叶松林和草类-兴安落叶松林为CH_4的源,另2种林型表现为CH_4的汇。其中藓类-兴安落叶松林贡献了该地区95%以上的CH_4排放量。草类-兴安落叶松林和杜鹃-兴安落叶松林与土壤温度存在显著相关性。藓类-兴安落叶松林和杜香-兴安落叶松林与土壤有机碳呈显著负相关。4种林型中仅杜鹃-兴安落叶松林土壤CH_4排放通量与5 cm深土壤含水量存在显著相关性。N_2O平均排放通量依次为0.007 3(藓类-兴安落叶松林)、0.012(杜香-兴安落叶松林)、0.009 3(草类-兴安落叶松林)和-0.0003(杜鹃-兴安落叶松林)mg·m~(-2)h~(-1),表现为N_2O的源(杜鹃除外)。不同月份N_2O排放通量研究结果显示,该地区4种林型N_2O的排放主要集中在夏末和秋季。影响N_2O排放通量的环境因子因林型而异,其中草类-兴安落叶松林与10 cm土壤温度呈显著正相关,与全氮、碱解氮和有机碳呈显著负相关;杜鹃-兴安落叶松林与土壤温度和土壤含水量均呈显著正相关性;藓类-兴安落叶松林和杜香-兴安落叶松林分别与土壤全氮和有机碳存在显著相关性,与土壤温度、含水量、pH值无显著相关性。 相似文献
5.
为了比较人工针叶林及天然阔叶林对降水的调控作用,利用泡枝法对燕山北部山地落叶松人工林及天然次生杨桦林植被层对降水的截留量进行了比较。研究结果表明:在各个年龄阶段,落叶松乔木林冠截留量都高于天然次生杨桦林。落叶松人工林幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林乔木林冠截留量分别为0.44mm、0.74mm、0.69mm,杨桦林则分别为0.25mm、0.33mm、0.49mm;但落叶松人工林灌木的截留量低于天然次生杨桦林;华北落叶松人工林植被层总截留量高于天然次生杨桦林,分别是0.48mm、0.78mm、0.74mm。随着林龄的增加,杨桦林林冠截留量有逐渐增加的趋势,幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林分别为0.41 mm、0.38 mm、0.76mm;但落叶松林到达近熟林时林冠截留量却有所下降。 相似文献
6.
对龙陵县三江口国有林场中不同林分类型凋落物的储量、持水量、持水率和吸水速率进行了研究。结果表明:不同林型的凋落物贮备量有所差异,难被微生物降解的云南松林凋落物贮备量最大(2.66 kg/m2),其次是西南桦林(2.03 kg/m2)、旱冬瓜林(1.97 kg/m2),最小的是栎类林(1.81kg/m2)。旱冬瓜林(落叶阔叶林)的最大持水率最高,其次是西南桦林(落叶阔叶林)和栎类林(落叶阔叶林),云南松林(常绿针叶林)最低。 相似文献
7.
为了解燕山北部山地华北落叶松人工林植被物种多样性维持功能的高低，选取13a和30a生人工落叶松林，以13a和28a生天然次生杨桦林作为对照，对两种林分的植被多样性进行调查和分析，并研究了间伐对人工落叶松林植被物种多样性的影响。结果表明，林龄相同或相近的两种林分类型相比，无论是乔木层、灌木层或是草本层，人工落叶松林丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon—Weiner指数均表现出相当或略高于天然次生杨桦林（30a生人工落叶松林乔木层多样性指数除外）；间伐对人工落叶松林植被物种多样性的短期影响主要体现在乔木层，对林下灌木层和草本层无明显影响。燕山北部山地人工落叶松林具有较高的植物多样性维持功能，没有导致物种多样性的降低。 相似文献
8.
为探讨不同整地方式对兴安落叶松及樟子松天然更新的影响,我们于1988年5月22～25日在阿木尔林业局兴安林场四类林地、即Ⅰ草类落叶松林,Ⅱ杜鹃落叶松林,Ⅲ杜香落叶松林,Ⅳ阳陡坡樟子松林,进行了人工促进更新的模拟试验,同年秋和第2年春 相似文献
9.
以小兴安岭地区阔叶红松林下主要草本可燃物为研究对象,通过外业调查取样及室内控制环境燃烧试验,测定了42种主要草本可燃物燃烧过程中释放的CO2、CO、CxHy、NO、SO2的气体含量,计算了不同可燃物的排放因子及气体释放量。烟气分析结果表明:CO2、CO、CxHy、NO、SO2等5种气体的排放因子分别为2.930 1、0.459 9、0.013 9、0.008 7和0.022 7;试样燃烧过程中释放的5种气体总量的平均值分别为1 113.46、174.73、5.26、3.29和8.60 mg.g-1。CO2的排放因子和释放量均显著大于其他4种气体。聚类分析结果表明同一科内的草本植物具有相似的排放特性。 相似文献
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11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献