非灌溉季节施加生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤结构及水热特性的影响     

邹瑞晗  吕德生  王振华  朱艳  宗睿 《水土保持学报》2022,36(3):220-227

为探究在非灌溉季节施加生物炭对滴灌棉田耕层土壤水热特性和三相结构的调控效应。设置生物炭15(B₁),30(B₂),45(B₃),60(B₄),0(B₀) t/hm²5个施加量,分析其对新疆滴灌棉田非灌溉季节耕层土壤(0—40 cm)三相结构、总孔隙度、土壤温度和土壤含水率的影响。结果表明:与对照处理相比,施炭处理使土壤固相体积降低2.58%~10.74%,总孔隙度增加3.38%~12.05%;同时,施炭处理的融后土壤质量含水率较对照处理提高1.07%~2.65%;施炭处理的土壤导热系数降低,土壤耕层最低温度增加0.34~2.15℃,最大温差缩小0.47~2.14℃。基于以上土壤结构和水热特性指标进行主成分分析得出,综合得分最高的处理为B₃,其次为B₂。非灌溉季节施加生物炭有利于改善土壤三相结构,增加土壤总孔隙度,增强土壤保墒保温能力。新疆滴灌棉田非灌溉季节生物炭最佳施用量为30~45 t/hm²。  相似文献   

肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例对微润灌溉湿润体内水肥分布的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李义林  刘小刚  刘艳伟  董木宏道  杨启良  隋龙 《中国生态农业学报》2019,27(1):119-130

微润灌溉作为一种新型地下连续灌溉节水技术,可为农业水肥一体化提供有效载体。为探明不同生物质掺混比例下竖插式微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水分和养分的分布规律,开展室内入渗试验,设置3个肥液浓度（清水F₀：0 g·L^-1;低浓度F_L：0.2 g·L^-1;高浓度F_H：0.4 g·L^-1）和4个土壤生物质（花生壳粉末）掺混比例（无掺混B₀：0;低掺混B_L：1.5%;中掺混B_M：3.0%;高掺混B_H：4.5%）,研究微润灌溉施肥湿润体内土壤含水率、硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾的分布特性。结果表明：掺混生物质后湿润体内水肥分布范围显著增大,而肥液浓度对水肥分布范围的影响不显著。土壤水肥含量随着与微润管水平距离的增加而逐渐减小,水肥含量最大值出现在微润管周围。在与微润管水平距离为0~10 cm范围内,土壤含水率和硝态氮分布较均匀,速效磷和速效钾则形成累积区。肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例对湿润体内水肥含量均值影响显著。与F₀相比,增加肥液浓度提高土壤含水率和养分（硝态氮、速效磷和速效钾）含量均值3.94%~14.09%和124.92%~458.05%;与B₀相比,增大生物质掺混比例提高土壤含水率和养分含量均值12.89%~33.32%和28.37%~115.44%。微润灌溉施肥湿润体内土壤含水率和硝态氮的分布均匀性较高,而速效磷和速效钾分布均匀性较低。增大肥液浓度和生物质掺混比例可提高湿润体内土壤含水率和硝态氮的分布均匀系数,而降低速效磷和速效钾的分布均匀系数。微润灌溉施肥湿润体内水肥含量均值与至微润管水平距离的关系符合四参数Log-logistic模型。总之,在土壤中掺混生物质有利于微润灌溉施肥下水分和养分的运移,增加肥液浓度和土壤生物质掺混比例可显著提高湿润体内的水肥含量,增大水分和硝态氮的分布均匀性,促使速效磷和速效钾在微润管周围的累积量增多。研究结果可为微润灌溉水肥一体化技术提供理论依据和实践参考。  相似文献   

长期不同施肥对南方黄泥田磷库及其形态的影响   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

林诚 王飞何春梅  李清华李昱 林新坚 《植物营养与肥料学报》2014,20(3):541-549

基于福建黄泥田长期定位施肥试验,研究不同施肥对土壤有效磷、 全磷演变及磷库组分的影响。结果表明,双季稻年份,各施肥处理土壤有效磷与全磷含量呈年际上升趋势,单季稻年份则呈年际下降趋势,而不施肥（CK）则均呈下降趋势,尤其是有效磷,较试验前土壤下降了64.9%。试验第26年,与 CK相比,化肥（NPK）、 化肥+牛粪（NPKM）、 化肥+秸秆还田（NPKS）处理的土壤总无机磷（TIP）含量增加了46.2%~114.2%、 总有机磷（TOP）含量增加了16.0%~41.8%、 全磷（TP）含量增幅为29.2%~73.8%,均达到显著差异水平,其中均以NPKM处理增幅最大。与试验前土壤相比,CK处理的土壤无机磷总含量降低,但有机磷总含量增加,其中无机磷以Al-P组分的耗竭速率相对最大,而有机磷以中等稳定性组分增幅相对最大; 与CK相比,施肥处理均提高了Al-P与Ca-P在全磷中的比例,而降低了各有机磷组分在全磷中的比例; 与试验前土壤相比,各处理总无机磷/总有机磷 (TIP/TOP) 的比值均呈下降趋势,但施肥的降幅较低,尤其是NPKM处理,TIP/TOP比值与有机质含量呈显著正相关。黄泥田不论施肥与否,土壤中有机磷含量均呈增加的趋势,NPKM处理对提高土壤有效磷、 无机磷、 有机磷库含量最为明显,但NPKS与NPK处理的无机磷库与有机磷库组分含量无明显差异。拟合方程显示,双季稻栽培模式下土壤有效磷含量为17.56 mg/kg、 单季稻栽培模式下有效磷含量为16.94 mg/kg时,作物产量可达最高。  相似文献   

减量施肥对湖垸旱地作物产量及氮磷径流损失的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

段然  汤月丰  文炯  吴翠霞  彭长城  白玲玉  曾希柏 《中国生态农业学报》2013,21(5):536-543

为探明洞庭湖区旱地生产中的氮磷盈余问题, 利用在该区域连续两年的玉米 油菜轮作田间小区试验, 研究了常规施肥[玉米: 400 kg(N)·hm^-2, 90 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2, 135 kg(K₂O)·hm^-2; 油菜: 180 kg(N)·hm^-2, 65 kg(P₂O₅)·hm^-2, 60 kg(K₂O)·hm^-2]、常规施肥减氮15%、减氮30%、缓控释肥减氮30%+减磷20%、常规施肥减磷20%共5个处理下, 玉米和油菜产量、氮磷肥利用率、氮磷径流损失量以及土壤氮磷养分的变化。结果表明, 在研究区域现有施肥水平下(常规施肥), 减量施肥对玉米和油菜产量没有显著影响; 缓控释肥减氮30%+减磷20%处理下玉米和油菜对氮磷养分的利用率显著提高, 其中氮素利用率较常规施肥处理两年平均提高7.96%和4.89%、磷素利用率提高2.02%和2.56%; 同时, 减量施肥各处理下氮磷径流损失量与常规处理比较, 分别减少3.54%~29.36%和7.14%~35.71%; 试验期内, 减量施肥下土壤全量氮磷及硝态氮含量与常规施肥处理无显著差异。根据本研究结果, 各施肥处理中, 以缓控释肥减氮30%+减磷20%处理效果更佳。研究结果可以为该地区旱地作物合理施肥、区域农业面源污染防控和洞庭湖区水环境保护提供参考依据。  相似文献   

果园绿肥对土壤磷组分及磷素有效性的影响     

张建伟  石孝均  徐文静  张学良  刘瑞  魏勇  赵秋  张宇亭 《水土保持学报》2021,35(6):336-342

以天津市桃园土壤为研究对象,采用Tiessen磷分级方法研究绿肥栽培并利用条件下土壤磷组分含量变化和磷素活化周转特征。试验共设3个处理：绿肥覆盖（SC）、翻压（BU）和清耕对照（CT）处理。分别于绿肥处理1,4,7年后采集0—20,20—40 cm的土壤样品,测定全磷、活性磷库（Resin—P_i和NaHCO₃—P）、中稳性磷库（NaOH—P）和稳定态磷库（Dil.HCl—P_i、Conc.HCl—P和Residual—P）含量。结果表明,与CT处理相比,SC和BU处理在各采样年份均提高了土壤全磷、Resin—P_i、NaHCO₃—P、NaOH—P和Residual—P含量,降低Dil.HCl—P_i和Conc.HCl—P含量,处理间差异性随绿肥利用年限的增加而增加;其中,各指标BU处理均优于SC处理,且0—20 cm土层变化最为明显。绿肥利用7年后,BU处理0—20 cm土壤Resin—P_i、NaHCO₃—P、NaOH—P和Residual—P含量较CT处理分别显著增加48.82%~128.41%,145.93%~231.16%,206.26%~590.06%和34.67%~37.66%,Dil.HCl—P_i和Conc.HCl—P含量分别显著降低12.37%~15.79%和43.72%~91.39%。综上,相对于清耕对照处理,果园绿肥栽培并利用可显著增加土壤活性磷库和中稳性磷库的比例,并显著降低稳定态磷库的比例;同时,随着绿肥利用年限的增加,土壤活性磷库和中稳性磷库的比例随之增加,稳定态磷库的比例随之降低。研究结果表明,果园绿肥栽培并利用可以有效促进土壤难溶性磷的活化周转,提高土壤磷素生物有效性。  相似文献   

氮添加对巴音布鲁克高寒湿地土壤无机磷形态的影响     

胡洋  丛孟菲  陈末  侯天钰  愚广灵  买迪努尔·阿不来孜  朱新萍  贾宏涛 《水土保持学报》2022,36(3):252-258

为探究在全球气候变化敏感区的干旱区高寒湿地上,氮添加对土壤无机磷形态的影响。在保护良好的巴音布鲁克高寒湿地沼泽(S)、沼泽草甸(SM)和草甸(M)布设野外原位试验,依据巴音布鲁克草原氮沉降量,设置0(CK),8(N1),16(N2) kg·N/(hm²·a)的施氮量,研究短期氮添加对高寒湿地土壤无机磷形态的影响。结果表明:(1)高寒湿地土壤全磷含量平均为1.09 g/kg,总无机磷平均为492.71 mg/kg,而总无机磷平均占全磷的45.67%。(2)3种湿地类型土壤无机磷主要以Ca—P形态存在,在Ca—P中以Ca₁₀—P为主,占无机磷含量的50.27%~64.69%。S区土壤Al—P、Fe—P含量显著高于SM和M区,SM区Ca₂—P、Ca₈—P、O—P含量显著高于S和M区,M区土壤Ca₁₀—P含量显著高于S和SM区。(3)氮添加显著影响高寒湿地土壤各形态无机磷的含量,氮添加下,S和SM区土壤Al—P含量较CK显著增加了9.92%~17.35%,而Ca₈—P含量显著降低3.18%~9.36%。[JP]S和M区土壤Fe—P含量显著降低了3.18%~9.36%,S区土壤Ca₂—P含量显著降低了10.31%。氮添加下3种湿地类型土壤O—P含量均显著增加,较CK显著增加21.83%~25.94%。(4)土壤pH、有机碳、碱解氮和速效钾均是影响无机磷形态的重要因子。不同湿地类型土壤无机磷形态含量存在显著差异,氮添加显著改变了土壤各无机磷形态含量,主要是通过增加土壤中难利用无机磷(O—P)含量,使高寒湿地土壤的供磷潜力降低。研究结果有助于预测未来氮沉降持续增加背景下全球高寒湿地土壤无机磷形态的变化趋势。  相似文献   

福建山地红壤土壤磷素资源的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张鼎华  沈乒松  林开淼 《土壤通报》2014,(1):130-134

对福建省山地红壤磷素资源进行了研究,结果表明:福建山地红壤磷素主要由无机磷组成,无机磷组成以闭蓄态磷(O-P)含量最高,其次为磷酸铁磷(Fe-P),再其次为磷酸铝磷(Al-P);有机磷组成比例大小为中等活性有机磷中等稳定性有机磷高稳定性有机磷活性有机磷。随着纬度(北纬)的降低,山地红壤的闭蓄态磷(O-P)含量占全磷含量比例的平均值增加,而Fe-P、Al-P则减少;随着纬度的降低,山地红壤有机磷占全磷的比重以及绝对量均逐渐降低,土壤有效磷含量以及活性有机磷和中等活性有机磷比例呈逐步下降趋势,中等稳定和高稳定有机磷呈逐步升高趋势。土壤各无机磷组分的含量与有机质含量、pH值、阳离子交换量存在负相关,土壤有机磷的含量与有机质含量、阳离子交换量呈极其显著的正相关。土壤有机磷组分与有效磷相关密切的顺序为:活性有机磷中等活性有机磷中等稳定性有机磷高稳定性有机磷;O-P与有效磷呈极其显著的负相关,Al-P和Fe-P与有效磷正相关,但未达显著程度。  相似文献   

生物炭配合深松对土壤团聚体及有机碳的影响     

张雨萌  郭艳杰  张丽娟  刘婷  吉艳芝 《水土保持通报》2022,42(5):368-375,385

[目的] 分析施加生物炭配合深松对农田耕层土壤容重、土壤结构稳定性及有机碳的影响,为土壤结构改良提供科学合理的调控措施和理论依据。[方法] 基于冬小麦—夏玉米轮作体系,2017—2019年大田试验期间,在小麦季设置生物炭施用量分别为0,3 000,6 000 kg/hm²(B₀,B₁和B₂)的3个处理,在玉米季设置传统贴茬播种(P)和深松耕作播种(S)2个耕作处理,共计B₀P,B₁P,B₂P,B₀S,B₁S,B₂S 6个处理。[结果] ①两个轮作后,相同耕作方式下,土壤容重随生物炭用量的增加而降低,其中B₂S较B₀S显著降低(13.59%);同一施炭水平下,各处理土壤容重呈现出深松＜传统的特征,深松容重整体较传统低4.95%。②连续施加生物炭配合深松耕作两年后,B₂S处理下的有机碳含量达到最高,比B₀P显著增加(42.15%),比B₂P增加1.03%。③两个轮作后,随生物炭用量的增加机械性团聚体含量(DR_0.25)、水稳性团聚体含量(WR_0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)呈上升趋势,相反土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)及土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)呈逐渐下降趋势,且表现为B₂S处理均优于其他各处理的特征,表明高添加量生物炭配合深松耕作较传统耕作能更有效地提高团聚体稳定性。[结论] 小麦季基施6 000 kg/hm²生物炭并配合玉米季深松有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性,改善华北平原农田土壤结构。  相似文献   

施肥对青岛市设施蔬菜产量、净产值及土壤环境的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高峻岭  宋朝玉  王玉军  唐继伟  孙兆法  张淑霞  李祥云  何金明 《中国生态农业学报》2011,19(6):1261-1267

为进一步提高设施蔬菜的施肥效率, 减少肥料成本和对环境的污染, 对青岛市设施蔬菜施肥状况及其对产量、净产值和土壤环境的影响进行了研究。结果表明, 设施黄瓜和番茄氮、磷、钾肥施用均明显过量。黄瓜N、P₂O₅、K₂O年施用量分别为1 841.5 kg·hm^-2、864.0 kg·hm^-2和1 978.7 kg·hm^-2, 番茄N、P₂O₅、K₂O年施用量分别为1 436.7 kg·hm^-2、833.6 kg·hm^-2和1 643.7 kg·hm^-2。施肥中有机/无机肥料养分比例较为合理, 重视了有机肥的施用。年度施用N、P₂O₅、K₂O量及其总量对年度蔬菜产量、净产值有明显影响, 存在着线性方程关系。随着年度施氮量的增加, 土壤NO₃^--N含量明显增加, 31.4%的农户设施蔬菜田土壤NO₃^--N含量居高和较高水平。土壤速效磷含量随年度施磷量的增加而增加, 74.3%的农户设施蔬菜田土壤速效磷为高水平。68.6%的农户设施蔬菜田土壤为酸性和微酸性, 有向酸性发展的趋势。生产中应适量减少氮、磷和钾肥投入, 推广测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、秸秆生物处理等技术, 促进青岛市设施蔬菜生产的可持续发展。  相似文献   

长期施磷对山原红壤磷库组成及有效性的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

史静  张誉方  张乃明  张淑香 《土壤学报》2014,51(2):351-359

通过33年施肥试验研究了不同施磷处理对山原红壤中磷素形态转化及含量的影响。结果表明,长期施用磷肥增加了红壤中全磷和速效磷的含量;施磷处理下土壤表层无机磷、有机磷显著积累。不同施肥处理下土壤无机磷组分均以Fe-P为主,占总量的50%左右;相关分析表明无机磷组分中的Fe-P、Al-P与速效磷分别呈极显著正相关(r=0.908)、显著正相关(r=0.706),表明Fe-P、Al-P为山原红壤的有效磷源。对于土壤有机磷而言,所有施肥处理的土壤中稳性有机磷比例最高,其次为中等活性有机磷,再次为高稳性有机磷,活性有机磷最低,前二者占有机磷总量的90%左右。有机磷组分与速效磷的相关性分析结果表明,中等活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷分别与土壤速效磷呈极显著正相关(r=0.861)、显著正相关(r=0.840)。说明中等活性有机磷和中稳性有机磷是土壤速效磷的主要来源。增施磷肥尤其是氮、磷、钾肥与农家肥配施后,可促进其他形态有机磷向有利于作物吸收的中等活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷转变。  相似文献   

长期不同供磷水平下南方黄泥田生产力及磷组分特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王飞  李清华  林诚  何春梅 《中国生态农业学报》2020,28(7):960-968

红壤性水稻土磷素易受铁、铝等固定而有效性低,过量施用磷肥则产生磷素淋失风险,研究不同供磷水平下黄泥田生产力、磷库平衡及磷组分特征,可为磷素高效管理提供依据。本研究基于福建黄泥田连续30年的供磷定位试验,研究连续30年3个供磷水平下[不施磷肥(CK)、30 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)(P1)、60 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)(P2)]水稻(1987—2004年为双季稻,2005年始种植单季稻)产量演变规律,并于试验的第31年分析土壤有效磷、全磷、无机磷库与有机磷库组分变化。结果表明,连续30年施用磷肥,与CK相比,早稻、晚稻与单季稻历年平均产量P1处理分别提高64.9%、37.0%与19.9%, P2处理分别提高67.0%、41.2%与20.4%,差异均显著。不同稻作制度下黄泥田磷肥的增产效果为早稻晚稻单季稻。与P1处理相比,P2处理第31年土壤有效磷含量提高190.5%,全磷含量提高32.4%,差异均显著;Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P含量与无机磷含量均显著提高,Al-P、Fe-P占无机磷比重分别提高2.12个百分点与4.40个百分点,但O-P比重降低9.45个百分点,差异均显著。施磷肥总体提高了活性有机磷(LOP)与中等活性有机磷(MLOP)含量,降低了高稳定性有机磷(HSOP)含量,P2处理表现尤为明显;增施磷肥, LOP与MLOP占有机磷比重增加, HSOP比重降低。籽粒或秸秆产量与Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P、MLOP、LOP含量呈显著正相关。综上,黄泥田连续30年施磷肥增产效果明显, P1与P2处理的产量无显著差异,但P1处理呈现磷表观亏缺。增施磷肥提高了无机磷Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P比重,有机磷组分呈现由活性较低的形态向活性较高的形态转化趋势。每茬60 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)可维持磷素养分表观平衡并保持适宜的有效磷水平。  相似文献   

氮沉降背景下生物炭施用对土壤有机碳组分的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋凯悦  尹云锋  马亚培  石思雨  周杨  马红亮  高人 《水土保持学报》2022,36(2):247-254

通过18个月的盆栽试验,以杉木幼苗为研究对象,研究不同水平氮(N)沉降背景下(N0(0)、低N(40 kg/(hm2·a))和高 N(80 kg/(hm2·a))生物炭(BC)施用(B0(0)、B1(12 t/hm2)和 B2(36 t/hm2))对土壤有机碳(SOC)组分的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,单独施用BC以及...  相似文献   

不同温室蔬菜种植模式下土壤磷素形态分布与转化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李婠婠  滕艳敏  李季 《土壤》2020,52(2):271-278

采用蒋柏藩-顾益初无机磷分级浸提法,研究了15a长期有机、综合和常规种植3种温室蔬菜生产体系下石灰性土壤磷形态分布及转化特征。结果表明:种植模式及施肥年限对土壤有机磷含量和各形态无机磷含量均有显著影响,且交互作用显著。随着施肥时间延长,3种种植模式土壤有机磷含量与无机磷形态Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Fe-P含量不断升高,Al-P、O-P、Ca_(10)-P含量呈现不规则变动,差异较小;有机模式土壤有机磷含量与无机磷形态Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Fe-P含量均高于常规和综合模式,O-P、Ca_(10)-P含量略小于常规和综合模式。在各磷素占比中,中等活性磷源(Ca_8-P、Fe-P、Al-P)潜在磷源(O-P、Ca10-P)有效磷源(Ca_2-P)。表层土中有机磷占全磷的8%～23%,亚表层土中有机磷占全磷的6%～13%。有机模式促进了无机磷各形态之间、有机磷和无机磷形态之间的转化过程,0～20 cm土层的磷素转化比20～40 cm更活跃。  相似文献   

Assessing soil P fractions changes with long-term phosphorus fertilization related to crop yield of soybean and maize     

Stefania C. Appelhans  Pedro Anibal Barbagelata  Ricardo Jose Miguel Melchiori  Flavio Gutierrez Boem 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):524-535

Long-term P Fertiliser application increases soil phosphorus (P) labile fractions, which can be associated with crop P uptake and grain yield and are useful to improve fertilizer recommendations. Research aims were to evaluate in long-term experiments with different P Fertiliser application in a Mollisol and a Vertisol: (a) the changes of soil P fractions and (b) the relationship between soil P fractions with long-term P Fertiliser application, with accumulated apparent P budget, grain P, total P uptake, soybean (Glycine max L.Merr.) and maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Soil P fractions were measured after 1 and 9 year since the beginning of the long-term experiments. Experiments included an initial Fertiliser application rate of 200 kg P ha⁻¹ and annual P Fertiliser application rate of 36 kg P ha⁻¹. Bray1-P, total, organic, and inorganic P in fine (<53 μm) and coarse (>53 μm) (CF) soil fractions, and in NaHCO₃ extract were measured. Initial P Fertiliser application increased inorganic and total P fractions. However, Bray1-P, total P in NaHCO₃ extract and in the CF were the fractions that most increased with continuous long-term P Fertiliser application in both sites. In the Mollisol, maize grain yield was unrelated to long-term P Fertiliser application. In the Vertisol, total P in NaHCO₃ extract, and total and organic P in the CF were more closely related to soybean grain yield than Bray1-P. We proposed soil P indices of labile inorganic and organic P that showed close relationships with soybean grain yield and may be useful to improve the diagnosis of P soil fertility.  相似文献   

生物炭对豫西丘陵区农田土壤团聚体稳定性及碳、氮分布的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

悦飞雪  李继伟  乔鑫鑫  焦念元  尹飞  郭大勇  王艳芳  刘领 《水土保持学报》2019,33(6):265-272

为研究生物炭对豫西丘陵地区农田土壤团聚体分布、稳定性及其碳、氮在团聚体中分布的影响,进一步探明生物炭对丘陵区农田土壤结构和养分的长期作用效果。采用田间长期定位试验,生物炭用量为0(C0),20(C20),40(C40)t/hm~2 3个处理,研究生物炭施用5年后对土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响,探究土壤团聚体中有机碳和全氮分布特性。结果表明:施加20,40 t/hm~2生物炭可提高0—20,20—40 cm土层的机械性0.5 mm以上粒级和水稳性0.053 mm以上粒级团聚体含量。在0—20 cm土层中,C20和C40处理下0.25 mm的机械性团聚体(DR_(0.25))分别较对照增加3.78%和6.83%,0.25 mm水稳性团聚体(WR_(0.25))分别较对照增加31.0%和49.45%,土壤不稳定团粒指数(E_(LT))分别较对照降低4.30%和6.85%,土壤团聚体破坏率(PAD)分别较对照降低9.71%和14.77%,土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)分别较对照增加28.44%和45.34%,几何平均直径(GMD)分别较对照增加32.04%和54.92%。各粒级的有机碳和全氮含量随生物炭施用量的增加而增加,有机碳和全氮含量都以0.25～0.053 mm粒级最高,且0—20 cm土层的有机碳和全氮含量高于20—40 cm土层的有机碳和全氮含量;随着生物炭施用量的增加,2,2～0.25,0.25～0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳和全氮贡献率随之增加,而0.053 mm粒级微团聚体有机碳和全氮贡献率随之降低。总体来说,生物炭能够改善豫西丘陵地区农田土壤的团聚体结构,增加土壤大团聚体的含量,增强团聚体的稳定性,提高土壤团聚体中碳、氮含量,有利于豫西地区农田土壤肥力的保持和持续健康发展。  相似文献   

Availability of Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions to Wheat in Toposequences of Calcareous Soils     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19-20):2601-2617

Abstract

Information on the availability of different soil phosphorus (P) forms is useful for crop production. Phosphorus contents of 12 Iranian calcareous soils from upper‐, mid‐, and lower‐slope positions of two arid and two semiarid toposequences were fractionated to various organic and inorganic pools, and correlations of the P fractions with wheat responses were investigated. Among the inorganic P (IP) fractions, apatite type (Ca₁₀‐P) and dicalcium phosphate equivalents (Ca₂‐P) possessed the highest and the lowest amounts of P reserve in the soils, respectively. On average, about 20% of the total P was found in organic form (OP), of which 32% was labile (LOP), 51% was moderately labile (MLOP), and 17% was nonlabile (NLOP). The amounts of the soil P fractions were considerably influenced by the positions of the soils on the landscapes. The maximum contents of soil IP, Ca₂‐P, Fe‐P (iron‐bound P), and Ca₁₀‐P were observed in the lower‐slope positions. The amount of soil available [0.5 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) extractable] P was significantly correlated with Ca₂P (r=0.895), Fe‐P (r=0.760), and Occl‐P (iron‐occluded P) (r=0.897). Direct correlation studies, however, showed that wheat shoot dry‐matter yield (DMY) was significantly affected by the amounts of Ca₂‐P, Fe‐P, OP, LOP, and MLOP fractions both at early (4 weeks) and late (10 weeks) stages of growth. All organic and inorganic P fractions, except Al‐P (aluminum‐bound P), Ca₈‐P (octacalcium phosphate equivalents), and NLOP, also showed significant relations to the amount and/or concentration of P in wheat tissues at 4 and 10 weeks after sowing. Among the measured soil properties, the amount of organic carbon was the most affecting factor on the size of the P fractions.  相似文献   

Soil phosphorus mobilization in different taxonomic orders     

Marta S. Zubillaga  Lidia Giuffr 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(2):201-205

Changes in P fractions using Hedley's sequential fractionation of organic and inorganic soil P, were studied in soils covering a wide range of developmental stages and original materials. A greenhouse experiment was performed in order to make an exhaustive P uptake by Lolium perenne and to study soil phosphorus mobilization from different fractions. Samples were obtained at 30, 60 and 90 days from sowing, with two fertilization rates added as KH₂PO₄. The exhaustion produced by plants resulted in different patterns of mobilization according to soil characteristics. For control soils the contents of inorganic labile fraction (LIP) decreased at the end of the experience in Mollisol (31%), Vertisol (24%) and Andisol (17%). The mobilization of organic P was greater for Ultisol and Andisol (77 and 75% respectively) than for the other soils. Fertilization affected mainly inorganic P, with a significant increase in contents of LIP in Entisol (46%) and moderately resistant inorganic P (MRIP) in Andisol (15%). Inorganic P/organic P relationship tended to increase during the experiment, while labile P/moderately resistant P increased in Entisol and Mollisol.  相似文献   

Legacy phosphorus in calcareous soil under 33 years of P fertilizer application: Implications for efficient P management in agriculture     

Licun Zhang  Jiajie Chen  Guixin Chu 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(3):1380-1393

Phosphorus (P) fertilizers have long been applied in agriculture. However, the influence of long-term P addition on the evolution of soil P fertility and legacy P characteristics have not been well-documented. Herein, literature data were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI) to explore the evolution of soil P fertility after 33 years of application of P fertilizer; different soil samples were collected from cropland and adjacent uncultivated land to analyse the distribution of P fractions at different soil depths (0–0.8 m) using Guppy's sequential P extraction method. We found that soil Olsen-P significantly increased by 3.6-fold (from 7.2 mg kg⁻¹ in 1981 to 25.9 mg kg⁻¹ in 2013) after 33 years of P application, while total P increased slightly. The ratios of inorganic P fractions in cropland to those uncultivated land followed NaHCO₃-P (1.47) > NaOH-P (1.38) > resin-P (1.37) > residue-P (1.17) > HCl-P (1.11), suggesting that long-term P addition contributed more to labile and moderately labile P rather than non-labile P. Moreover, a principal component analysis could distinguish between cropland and uncultivated land, indicating that long-term application of P fertilizer changed soil P characteristics. Compared to uncultivated land, soil NaHCO₃-P in cropland was closely associated with soil organic C, total nitrogen and carbonate. Collectively, our findings highlight that soil legacy P was notably increased after long-term of P application, and a large portion of the applied P remained in labile and moderately labile forms. Therefore, soil legacy P can be recommended as a useful P management tool.  相似文献   

Effect of organic manure on organic phosphorus fractions in two paddy soils   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Y. S. Zhang  W. Werner  H. W. Scherer  X. Sun 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1994,17(1):64-68

We investigated the transformation of the organic P fractions from organic manure in two paddy soils (Ultisol, Entisol) and the influence of organic manure or cellulose on organic P under anaerobic conditions. The results obtained from the P fractionation experiment indicated that during the incubation labile and moderately labile organic P fractions increased in the Ultisol and decreased in the Entisol, which might be related to the difference in the organic matter content of both soils. Immediately after the application of organic manure, a large part of labile and moderately labile organic P supplied with the manure was transformed into moderately resistant organic P, possibly Ca- or Mg-inositol P were transformed into Fe-inositol P. During anaerobic incubation, the labile forms of organic P in the soils treated with organic manure were increased along with the incubation period in the first 4 weeks. The change in the moderately labile fraction was dramatic. It increased sharply in the first 2 weeks, then decreased, which was more pronounced in the soils treated with pig faeces. The moderately resistant fraction decreased during the whole incubation period. This indicated that under anaerobic conditions, the moderately resistant fraction can be transformed into labile and moderately labile organic P fractions, perhaps as Fe³⁺-inositol P is reduced to Fe⁺²-inositol P. Cellulose as an organic substrate had an increasing effect on organic P, especially when it was combined with inorganic P. Therefore, it is suggested that the application of inorganic P fertilizer combined with organic manure may be an effective way of protecting inorganic P against intensive sorption in soils.  相似文献   

中国长江中下游地区浅水湖泊沉积物有机磷研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

JIN Xiang-Can  WANG Sheng-Rui  CHU Jian-Zhou  WU Feng-Chang 《土壤圈》2008,18(3):394-400

Thirteen sediment core samples （0 10 cm） were taken from the seven lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to determine the contents and distributions of organic phosphorus （P） fractions in the sediments of the shallow lakes in the area. The organic P fractions in the sediments were in the order of moderately labile organic P （MLOP） 〉 moderately resistant organic P （MROP） 〉 highly resistant organic P （HROP） 〉 labile organic P （LOP）, with average proportional ratios of 13.2：2.8：1.3：1.0. LOP, MLOP, and MROP were significantly related to the contents of total organic carbon （TOC）, water-soluble P （WSP）, algal-available P （AAP）, NaHCO3-extractable P （Olsen-P）, total P （TP）, organic P （OP）, and inorganic P （IP）. However, HROP was significantly related to OP and weakly correlated with TOC, WSP, AAP, Olsen-P, TP or IP. This suggested that organic P, especially LOP and MLOP in sediments, deserved even greater attention than IP in regards to lake eutrophication. In terms of organic P, sediments were more hazardous than soils in lake eutrophication. Although OP concentrations were higher in moderately polluted sediment than those in heavily polluted sediment, LOP and MLOP were higher in the heavily polluted sediment, which indicated that heavily polluted sediment was more hazardous than moderately polluted sediment in lake eutrophication.  相似文献