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1.
在室内测定了纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂Apanteles cypris对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis幼虫的功能反应和寻找效应。结果表明,纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的功能反应可用Michaelis-Menten-Ⅱ型功能反应模型Na=AN0/(F+N0)拟合,一头纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂雌蜂在24h内对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫的寄生潜能A为10.7528头,寄主半饱和密度F为14.3864头。纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的寄生功能反应有较强的种内干扰作用,即随自身密度的增加,寄生数量逐渐减少。Hassell模型E=QP-m能较好地反映纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂的寻找效应与其自身密度的关系,拟合结果为:E=0.2956P-0.5890。 相似文献
2.
棉大卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下，以棉大卷叶螟幼虫为寄主，对其幼虫期的一种重要寄生蜂——卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性进行了初步观察。结果表明，该蜂羽化高峰期为上午的6：00—10：00和下午的15：00—17：00；雌雄比为0．66：1；有92．6％的雌蜂当日交尾，且仅交尾1次；未交配的雌蜂也可产卵寄生，羽化成虫均为雄性。在17—33℃条件下，卷叶螟绒茧蜂成蜂寿命随着温度的升高而降低；提供蜂蜜水时寿命从17℃的12d降到33℃的2d，而清水对照的成蜂寿命从17℃的6d降到33℃下的不足1d。卷叶螟绒茧蜂既可以产卵寄生致棉大卷叶螟幼虫死亡。也可通过成蜂的产卵器刺破幼虫体壁并吮吸寄主体液而致害虫死亡。对雌蜂的寄生和取食行为进行了观察描述。 相似文献
3.
本文通过田间调查及室内生测,研究生产上大面积种植的3种转基因棉GK12、新棉33B和SGK321对棉大卷叶螟Sylepta derogata及其主要寄生性天敌——卷叶螟绒茧蜂Apanteles derogatae的影响。结果表明：GK12棉田棉大卷叶螟的发生量与亲本对照（泗棉3号）差异不显著,但卷叶螟绒茧蜂的发生量显著低于对照;而转基因棉新棉33B和SGK321棉田棉大卷叶螟和绒茧蜂的发生量均显著低于其亲本对照棉33和石远321。卷叶螟绒茧蜂对寄主棉大卷叶螟有明显的追随关系。绒茧蜂寄生取食不同转基因棉叶的棉大卷叶螟24 h后,其卵-幼虫历期、茧历期、茧畸形率、茧重、羽化率、蜂重以及成蜂寿命等生物学指标在不同棉花品种间有显著差异。 相似文献
4.
研究稻纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性和保护利用措施,结果表明：该蜂有孤雌生殖特性,１ 头雌蜂平均一生产卵５１ ．８ 粒,稻纵卷叶螟二龄幼虫期最易被该蜂寄生,施用农药应避开二龄高峰期。 相似文献
5.
1984—1985年,在思南县塘头双季稻区,对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫期的主要寄生天敌进行了调查。两年来,5—10月分期分批从大田随机采集稻纵卷叶螟各代各龄幼虫,室内饲养至化蛹、羽化,调查其天敌种类及数量。结果: 一、主要寄生蜂和寄生率 从饲养的888头幼虫中观察到:有398头被天敌寄生,主要为寄生蜂,计有: 纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂 Apanteles cypris、螟蛉绒茧蜂 Apanteles ruficrus、螟黄抱缘姬蜂 相似文献
6.
螟蛉绒茧蜂是寄生红花天料木(母生)主要害虫短梳角野螟的寄生性天敌昆虫。本文针对该寄生蜂开展其生物学、发育及寄生特性研究,采用室内测定结合林间调查的方法,系统调查及研究螟蛉绒茧蜂的生物学特性。结果显示:实验室条件下,螟蛉绒茧蜂单雌寄生数量为9~24头,平均寄生20头;偏好寄生3、4龄短梳角野螟幼虫,很少寄生低龄幼虫,不寄生5龄幼虫;当寄生低龄幼虫且完成其发育时,羽化的成蜂都为雄蜂;当短梳角野螟2龄、3龄初、3龄末和4龄幼虫同时存在时,喜寄生3龄初幼虫,偏好系数为0.574 3;试验条件下寄生蜂的发育历期和个体大小随着寄主龄期的增大有所增长,相同温度下补充外源营养均可延长成蜂寿命。研究结果可为利用螟蛉绒茧蜂防控短梳角野螟的林间应用提供参考。 相似文献
7.
瘦怒茧蜂Orgilus ischnus Marshall是草地螟Loxostege sticticalis L.初龄幼虫寄生蜂。为探究它的生物学特性及其对草地螟的控害作用,本文在23 ℃、16L：8D光周期条件下,以1龄草地螟幼虫为寄主,测定了瘦怒茧蜂的发育历期和茧重、成虫生殖行为特征、能力和寿命,研究了瘦怒茧蜂对草地螟幼虫的功能反应和寄生率,探究了寄主幼虫的取食量及虫体大小与正常幼虫的差异。结果表明,瘦怒茧蜂卵和幼虫期为12.8 d,预蛹和蛹期10.5 d,世代历期23.2 d,平均茧重为4.1 mg。成蜂羽化当天即可交配产卵寄生,属卵育型,平均交配时间为49 s,雌蜂平均产卵量为100.5粒,产卵高峰期分别为交配后第4 d和第8 d,雌、雄蜂寿命分别为11和14 d。在5～40头/瓶（650 mL）8个密度条件下,瘦怒茧蜂的寄生量随草地螟幼虫密度的增加而增加,当密度≥15头/瓶时,寄生率会随幼虫密度的增加而减小,功能反应属HollingⅡ型;寄主幼虫一生取食量为106.7 mg,仅为正常幼虫的21.3%,寄主幼虫第6和12 d的体重、大小均极显著低于正常幼虫。本文研究结果明确了瘦怒茧蜂基本的生物学特性,证明该蜂对草地螟控害作用显著,为改善、提高草地螟的可持续控制技术提供技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
中红侧沟茧蜂成虫日龄及粘虫幼虫龄期对寄生效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
室内研究了不同日龄中红侧沟茧蜂成虫对粘虫幼虫龄期的选择、寄主被寄生时的龄期对寄生蜂幼期发育历期和茧重的影响。结果表明：当寄主1～5龄幼虫同时存在时，该蜂可以寄生1—4龄幼虫，不寄生5龄；偏爱寄生2龄和3龄幼虫；对1、2、3和4龄幼虫的选择系数分别为0．21、0．31、0．27和0．21；寄主幼虫供寄生后，其寄生率随寄主幼虫供寄生时的龄期增大而下降。寄生于4龄寄主幼虫的蜂，其卵至结茧的历期显著长于寄生于2或3龄寄主幼虫的蜂；寄生4龄寄主幼虫所育出的蜂茧明显重于寄生于2或3龄寄主幼虫所育出的蜂茧。雌蜂日龄增加，寄生能力下降；但雌蜂日龄对寄生蜂子代卵至结茧的历期和茧重没有影响。 相似文献
9.
1981年,我们在观察稻纵卷叶螟生命表时发现,稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis幼虫不同虫龄对纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂Apanteles cypris Nixon的发育历期有明显的影响。现将结果整理如下。方法采回稻纵卷叶螟成虫在室内稻苗上产卵,幼虫孵化后分别进入一、二、三、四龄时,各按一定数量(100～200头)接于田间无虫的稻苗上,每龄设四个小区,每小区禾20丛,每丛禾接虫1～3头,让天敌自然寄生。当各龄将进入或刚进入下一龄时,将其采回饲养。根椐接放虫与回收各龄日期及室内寄生蜂最先与最后钻出的日期,计算寄生蜂产卵至幼体钻出时的发育历期。结果与讨论结果列于表1。 相似文献
10.
11.
伞裙追寄蝇是草地螟、黏虫等重大农业害虫的优势寄生性天敌，对害虫种群数量的调控起着不可忽视的作用。本文研究了不同龄期草地螟对伞裙追寄蝇寄生效果的影响，为伞裙追寄蝇的室内扩繁和田间应用提供依据。在温度（25±1）℃，相对湿度（65±5）%，光周期14L：10D实验室条件下研究了伞裙追寄蝇对草地螟2、3、4、5龄幼虫及5龄期不同日龄幼虫的寄生效果，5龄期不同日龄幼虫对寄蝇的发育适合度。结果表明：伞裙追寄蝇对2～5龄草地螟幼虫都有寄生行为，但对5龄草地螟幼虫的寄生率（68.89%）显著高于其他龄期；且寄生5龄幼虫的羽化率最高（73.88%）。伞裙追寄蝇寄生能力随寄主日龄呈现先升高而后下降趋势，其中5龄后2～3日龄寄生率（74.44%）、羽化率（78.76%）均最高，子代发育历期最短，产卵量最高，为最适寄生阶段，说明室内扩繁伞裙追寄蝇寄主选择以5龄期2～3日龄草地螟幼虫为宜。 相似文献
12.
M.?M. Matter M.?A. Gesraha A.?A.?I. Ahmed N.?A. Farag 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2002,19(2):13-18
A new technique was performed to simulate exposure of the host Pieris rapae larvae to both botanical treatment and the parasitoid Hyposoter eheninus in different sequences. It was found that: host larvae subjected to both parasitoid and 1% neem treatment showed significant or insignificant reductions both in pupal formation as well as adult emergence percentages when treatment preceded or followed parasitism, respectively. Both neem treatments revealed significant prolongation in the development of unparasitized and parasitized larvae (on average 4 to 5 days delay), whereas chinaberry caused significant prolongation only among parasitized larvae (on average 2.7 days delay in egg-larval duration). Fate of parasitism among untreated hosts was found to be faster than among neem-treated ones. Parasitism percentages among 1 and 0.5% neem-treated third instar host larvae held 7 days before parasitism reached 3 and 2 times that achieved among those reared on untreated diet for the same period, respectively.It was concluded that prolongation of the preferred target instars of the host, due to neem treatments, increased the chance for parasitism. Nevertheless, treatment with neem at the LC50 level exhibited a great reduction in parasitoid progeny. However, a lower concentration (LC25) could reasonably potentiate parasitism without drastic losses in parasitoid emergence. 相似文献
13.
《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2002,75(1):13-18
A new technique was performed to simulate exposure of the host Pieris rapae larvae to both botanical treatment and the parasitoid Hyposoter eheninus in different sequences. It was found that: host larvae subjected to both parasitoid and 1% neem treatment showed significant or insignificant reductions both in pupal formation as well as adult emergence percentages when treatment preceded or followed parasitism, respectively. Both neem treatments revealed significant prolongation in the development of unparasitized and parasitized larvae (on average 4 to 5 days delay), whereas chinaberry caused significant prolongation only among parasitized larvae (on average 2.7 days delay in egg-larval duration). Fate of parasitism among untreated hosts was found to be faster than among neem-treated ones. Parasitism percentages among 1 and 0.5% neem-treated third instar host larvae held 7 days before parasitism reached 3 and 2 times that achieved among those reared on untreated diet for the same period, respectively.It was concluded that prolongation of the preferred target instars of the host, due to neem treatments, increased the chance for parasitism. Nevertheless, treatment with neem at the LC50 level exhibited a great reduction in parasitoid progeny. However, a lower concentration (LC25) could reasonably potentiate parasitism without drastic losses in parasitoid emergence. 相似文献
14.
枸杞木虱啮小蜂(Tamarixia lyciumiYang)(新种)是枸杞木虱(Paratrioza sinicaYangLi)若虫期的重要寄生性天敌。第1~3日龄的木虱啮小蜂寄生寄主的能力较强。最喜寄生枸杞木虱4龄若虫,其次为5龄和3龄若虫。1头蜂一般一次只产1粒卵,寄生1头寄主,对已被寄生的寄主具有明显的辨别能力。在试验条件下,不能在沙枣木虱和柽柳木虱等其他寄主上产卵寄生,只寄生于枸杞木虱。对不同龄期(3、4、5龄)枸杞木虱若虫的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型反应,相同寄主密度下,4龄时寄生数量最大,拟合的圆盘方程为:Na=0.560 9N/(1+0.027 1N)。枸杞木虱啮小蜂具有较强的种内干扰作用,随自身密度(P)的增加,对枸杞木虱4龄若虫的发现域(a)随之降低,用Hassell-Varley模型拟合为:a=0.122 2P-0.464 1。 相似文献
15.
研究了甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒对斑痣悬茧蜂Meteorus pulchricornis发育及存活的影响。正在蜕皮的甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua 2龄幼虫被斑痣悬茧蜂寄生后,当其发育到3龄与4龄时分别饲以95%致死浓度(LC_(95))或10×LC_(95)甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒(SpeiNPV),研究表明:甜菜夜蛾核多角体病毒对斑痣悬茧蜂发育及存活产生不利的影响,影响程度取决于寄生与饲毒的间隔期以及饲毒量。被寄生的甜菜夜蛾幼虫发育到第3龄(即被寄生后第1天,1dpp)分别饲以LC_(95)或10×LC_(95) SpeiNPV的处理,没有寄生蜂老熟幼虫从寄主体内钻出;被寄生的甜菜夜蛾幼虫发育到第4龄(4 dpp)分别饲以LC_(95)或10×LC_(95) SpeiNPV的处理,分别有25.62%与16.31%寄生蜂老熟幼虫从寄主体内钻出。甜菜夜蛾是否饲毒对寄生蜂的出蜂率、化蛹率及羽化率影响显著;饲毒浓度影响寄生蜂的出蜂率、化蛹率,但不影响羽化率。甜菜夜蛾饲毒与否对寄生蜂幼虫及蛹的发育历期无显著影响,但饲毒甜菜夜蛾体内寄生蜂幼虫、蛹及成蜂显著小于未饲毒的甜菜夜蛾体内寄生蜂幼虫、蛹及成蜂。 相似文献
16.
Tomoko Takeda 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,86(1):15-22
Insecticidal tests using diazinon showed that the mortality of Plutella xylostella larvae parasitized by Cotesia plutellae was reduced by 4.6-fold compared to that of the nonparasitized hosts. The use of chemicals with synergistic effect to insecticides in toxicity assay helps to elucidate the kind of enzyme involved in lowering insect mortality. Synergism of diethyl maleate and piperonyl butoxide with diazinon resulted to 2.4- and 1.9-fold increase, respectively, in susceptibility of parasitized larvae compared to those of nonparasitized larvae. These results indicated the possibility that the decrease in susceptibility to diazinon was due to the elevated activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP), respectively. The GST activities in parasitized larvae were significantly higher than those of nonparasitized ones starting from three days post-parasitization until emergence of parasitoid larva. High GST activities during late parasitism could be attributed to both enzyme activities toward diazinon of parasitized P. xylostella larva itself and C. plutellae larva inside larval host. High GST activity one day after parasitization, although statistical significance was not detected, was caused by polydnavirus (PDV) and the venom of C. plutellae not by parasitoid larvae. Artificial injection of PDV plus venom demonstrated that the resulting increase in GST activity is similar to the increase brought by parasitization. High CYP activity after 3 days post-parasitization in parasitized larva was attributed mainly to the activity of parasitoid larva. Carboxylesterase activity in the parasitized host remained at a high level, while that in the nonparasitized host decreased slightly as pupation approaches. On the other hand, acetylcholinesterase activity also remained constant after parasitization until larval emergence, while that of the nonparasitized hosts decreased gradually as the host larvae approach pupation. These results were supported by inhibition tests using diazoxon in vitro. 相似文献
17.
氰戊菊酯残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫的致死和亚致死效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
室内测定了氰戊菊酯残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫的致死和亚致死效应。结果发现,氰戊菊酯对菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫的毒力比对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的高10倍以上,因此可以肯定田间施用氰戊菊酯后,可以直接(喷雾)或间接(残留)杀死部分菜蛾绒茧蜂成虫。小菜蛾2龄幼虫LC_(50)剂量的氰戊菊酯残留显著降低了雌蜂的产卵量和供试小菜蛾幼虫的被寄生率,在氰戊菊酯残留存在的情况下,雌蜂的死亡率高于雄蜂,蜂子代存活率及性比显著低于对照。氰戊菊酯残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂的搜索行为也有显著的影响,雌蜂在叶片上停留的时间及用于搜索的时间均高于对照,表明残留对菜蛾绒茧蜂雌蜂的搜寻有刺激作用,但产卵寄生的发生次数与对照间无显著差异。文中对产生上述结果的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
18.
通过对茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂(Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson)寄生苜蓿蚜(Aphis craccivora Koch)的一些影响因子(寄主龄期、寄主密度、雌蜂龄期及接蜂时间)的研究结果表明,在混合虫态寄主中,茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂通常选择较小龄期的若蚜寄生。其中2龄若蚜的相对被寄生率最高,为41.96%,其次是1龄若蚜,为32.61%;3、4龄若蚜的相对寄生率较低。茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂在不同寄主密度下的寄生率有显著差异。雌蜂蜂龄对寄生有明显影响。随着蜂龄的延长,寄生率逐渐降低;随接蜂时间的延长,寄生率也逐步增加。但达到寄生高峰的接蜂时间,再延长接蜂时间,寄生率亦不再明显增加。 相似文献