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1.
核盘菌侵染循环类型的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对核盘菌科7个种21个代表菌株的研究结果表明,核盘菌分4种侵染循环类型:1.土传病害类型:包括人参菌核病、细辛菌核病和向日葵小菌核病菌,其特点是子囊孢子在侵染循环中不起作用,以菌丝体为初侵染源,病健株接触构成再侵染。2.子囊孢子气传病害类型:包括油菜、黄瓜、大豆、莴苣、萝卜、红花和紫云英菌核病,其特点是气传的子囊孢子致病力强,从寄主的花、衰老叶或伤口侵入,以病健组织接触构成再侵染。3.分生孢子气传病害类型:包括黄瓜、油菜、葡萄和大葱灰霉病,其特点是在自然条件下未见有性世代,以气传的分生孢子从寄生的花和衰老叶侵染,以分生孢子和健病株接触构成再侵染。4气传、种传、土传病害兼有型:包括向日葵菌核病,其特点是子囊孢子从花或茎侵染造成盘腐和茎腐,菌核、带菌种子萌生菌丝体侵染造成苗腐和立枯。病健组织接触构成再侵染。 相似文献
2.
Liu Shengming Fu Liuyuan Chen Jinpeng Wang Shuan Liu Jinliang Jiang Jia Che Zhiping Tian Yuee Chen Genqiang 《Phytoparasitica》2021,49(1):123-130
Phytoparasitica - Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a devastating fungal disease in oilseed rape. Chemical control with fungicides is the primary method of controlling... 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii are pathogens for which similar mechanisms of parasitism have been proposed. This suggested that resistance to these pathogens may be related in a common host plant. This study was undertaken to determine whether selection for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also increases resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. Resistance in excised leaf tissues was evaluated according to the rate of necrosis induced by Sclerotium rolfsii following inoculation with mycelium. Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in whole plants was evaluated according to their survival following crown inoculations. Three alfalfa populations previously selected from cv. Delta for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum exhibited enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii, in comparison with Delta or with susceptible populations, in excised leaf tissues. When whole plants of Delta and two of these populations, Sclerotinia trifoliorum resistant (STR) and Mississippi Sclerotinia resistant (MSR), were inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii at 3 to 8 weeks of age, significant (P = 0.01) differences in survival were attributed to plant age at inoculation and alfalfa populations. Survival of both MSR and STR was significantly (P = 0.05) greater than for Delta; the best differential results were obtained by inoculating plants 5 to 7 weeks old. To evaluate relationships of resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii over a broader genetic background, additional populations were selected for resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum from four other alfalfa cultivars by leaf-inoculation techniques, and this resistance was confirmed by whole-plant inoculations. In excised leaf tissues, all four of these populations also expressed enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii in comparison with either parent cultivars or populations of comparable size selected at random. These results establish that selection for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also confers enhanced resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. Results suggest, therefore, that genes for quantitative resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Sclerotium rolfsii in alfalfa are likely to be synonymous, overlapping, or closely linked. 相似文献
4.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a major disease in soybean in many parts of the world. Sustainable control... 相似文献
5.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato. The control of the... 相似文献
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7.
申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病菌生物学活性的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
申嗪霉素是一种新型微生物源杀菌剂,主要成分为吩嗪-1-羧酸。测定了申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病菌51个菌株菌丝生长的平均有效抑制中浓度(EC50值)为3.31±0.77 μ g/mL,并且与常规杀菌剂多菌灵、菌核净无交互抗性关系。离体叶片和田间药效试验表明,申嗪霉素对油菜菌核病的防治效果随其处理剂量增加而提高,用有效成分200 μ g/mL药液处理时,抑制离体叶片发病的效果可达到67.08%,田间防效可达83.29％,优于对照药剂异菌脲。 相似文献
8.
ABSTRACT Since the early 1990s, Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has caused considerable damage to soybean production in the north-central United States. To determine the extent of its distribution and associated factors, investigations were conducted in 1995 and 1996 in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, and Ohio. Investigations also were conducted in 1997 and 1998 in Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. In each state, soybean fields were randomly selected in collaboration with the National Agricultural Statistics Service. From each field, 20 soybean stems 20 cm long (from the base) in 1995 and 1996 and full-length stems in 1997 and 1998 were sampled in a zigzag pattern. During the 4-year period, stem samples were collected from 1,983 fields and assessed for the presence or absence of the disease. Of the five states, Sclerotinia stem rot was most prevalent in north-central Iowa and southern Minnesota. Sclerotinia stem rot was not detected in Missouri during the 4-year investigation period. The disease was most prevalent in 1996 and least prevalent in 1995. The prevalence of the disease was strongly related to cumulative departures from normal maximum and minimum temperatures in July and August. The disease was more prevalent when yearly temperatures were below normal than when they were above normal. In 1996, a year with a cooler-than-normal summer, the disease was detected farther south than in 1995. In both years, the prevalence of the disease was exponentially related to latitudinal positions of the fields (R(2) = 0.93 and 0.83 for 1995 and 1996, respectively) reflecting the effect of the north-south variations in temperature. During the 4-year period, there was no relationship between precipitation and the prevalence of the disease. The lack of relationship may suggest that there was no shortage of moisture since it is one of the primary factors for disease development. The prevalence of Sclerotinia stem rot was less in no-till than in minimum-till or conventional-till fields (P = 0.001 and 0.007, respectively) and greater in minimum-till than in conventional-till fields (P = 0.07). Fields that had Sclerotinia stem rot, however, did not differ in incidence of the disease regardless of the tillage system. 相似文献
9.
不同核盘菌菌株及其近缘种的RAPD分析 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本文利用随机引物扩增多态性DNA (RAPD)技术分析了7个生物学性状差异较大核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的遗传多样性,并同三叶草核盘菌(S.trifoliorum)、小核盘菌(S.minor)的代表性菌株和莴苣上的一种产菌核病原菌的代表菌株Let-19进行了比较。结果表明40个引物中8个引物能稳定地从供试菌株中扩增出多态性DNA片段。通过分析这些多态性片段可以看出7个供试核盘菌菌株之间的遗传相似系数变化幅度为0.505 2~0.793 1,而核盘菌、三叶草核盘菌,小核盘菌和Let-19之间的遗传相似系数的变幅则为0.194 2~0.385 3。莴苣上的菌株Let-19的RA PD图谱同供试其它种的菌株既存在明显差异的DNA片段电泳带,又显示出一些位置一致的DNA片段电泳带。因而Let-19同核盘菌属真菌的亲缘关系较近。供试的引物中OPL14既能介导从供试的7个核盘菌菌株和3个近缘种的3个菌株的DNA样品中扩增出相同的DNA片段,又能扩增出种或菌株特异性DNA片段。因而RAPD技术适于研究核盘菌的遗传多样性及分析核盘菌属真菌的亲缘关系。 相似文献
10.
Jonathan Yuen Eva Twengström Roland Sigvald 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(9):847-854
The use of logistic regression is proposed as a method of verifying and calibrating disease risk algorithms. The logistic regression model calculates the log of the odds of a binary outcome as a function of a linear combination of predictors. The resulting model assumes a multiplicative (relative) relationship between the different risk factors. Computer programs for performing logistic regression produce both estimates and standard errors, thus permitting the evaluation of the importance of different predictive variables. The use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is also proposed as a means of comparing different algorithms. An example is presented using data on Sclerotinia stem rot in oil seed rape, caused bySclerotinia sclerotiorum. 相似文献
11.
壳聚糖对水稻恶苗病菌和油菜菌核病菌的作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用平板含毒介质法测定了壳聚糖对水稻恶苗病菌(Fusarium moniliforme)和油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖对F.moniliforme抑制作用相对较强,EC_(50)低于1000mg/L,而对S.sclerotiorum的作用较弱,EC_(50)高于3000mg/L。壳聚糖抑制F.moniliforme菌丝生长,导致菌丝畸形肿胀,产生不正常分支,并且抑制其分生孢子的萌发和芽管伸长。壳聚糖处理后F.moniliforme菌丝细胞膜的透性增加,导致蛋白质渗漏,但对其细胞膜的主要结构成分麦角甾醇的含量影响不明显。在离体培养时,壳聚糖对S.sclerotiorum产草酸毒素无明显影响,但预先经壳聚糖处理后,再接种S.sclerotiorum的油菜叶片中草酸含量显著减少。 相似文献
12.
Li Pengfei Peng Furong Zhang Ruixuan Yang Yuheng Yu Yang Bi Chaowei 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(6):1297-1304
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects more than 400 plant species worldwide. Boscalid, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase in... 相似文献
13.
农作物病害损失率估算方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以油菜菌核病为分析对象来研讨作物病害的损失率估算方法,得出当病害发病程度和损失呈直线关系时,损失率一般方程式可表示为Y= (a×发病率+b×K×病情指数) /?100,2012年经对36块油菜田菌核病损失率进行估算,并与观测值进行卡平方检验,结果理论值与实测值差异极小,表明此方程可靠性高,可用于病害损失率的准确估算。 相似文献
14.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Sclerotial germination of 33 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotio-rum, which were collected from different regions and crops, was compared at 10†C in a... 相似文献
15.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The addition of compost, green waste biochar, and wood biochar to a pathosystem consisting of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and two susceptible... 相似文献
16.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is one of the major diseases of oilseed rape worldwide. The infection process of S.... 相似文献
17.
Tonoli Adonis Lopes dos Anjos Breno Benvindo Belan Leônidas Leoni de Resende Camara Guilherme Silva e Castro Leonardo Humberto Pereira Jéssica Priscila Cavatte Paulo Cezar da Silva Xavier André Moraes Willian Bucker 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(1):273-278
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - White mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the main common bean diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of... 相似文献
18.
油菜菌核病生防芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其脂肽化合物分析 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
采用平板拮抗筛选,分别从西藏日喀则地区和拉萨地区杂草根围土壤中筛选到2个对油菜菌核病菌有显著拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌菌株RJGP16和YBWC43。通过生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和BOX-PCR指纹图谱分析,鉴定菌株RJGP16为萎缩芽孢杆菌Bacillus atrophaeus, 菌株YBWC43为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。离体叶片试验结果显示,菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病菌防治效果分别为50.24%和100.00%。脂肽化合物种类分析显示,菌株RJGP16产生脂肽化合物表面活性素和芬枯草菌素,菌株YBWC43产生杆菌霉素D和芬枯草菌素。表明菌株RJGP16和YBWC43对油菜菌核病的防治效果与其产生的脂肽化合物有关。 相似文献
19.
防治油菜菌核病的有效方法是培育抗菌核病的油菜品种。多聚半乳糖醛酸酶阻遏蛋白(polygalacturonase inhibiting protein,PGIP),是植物体内一种重要的抗真菌蛋白。本研究根据NCBI中发表的PGIP基因序列设计引物,从芥菜型油菜‘藏油6号’中克隆得到全长1 048bp的PGIP基因序列。其核酸序列与NCBI数据库中登录的PGIP基因序列同源性为99%。该序列翻译后得到的氨基酸序列与NCBI上公布的油菜PGIP序列同源性为99%。该蛋白质序列中包含8个亮氨酸重复区(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)。过去研究结果显示芥菜型油菜比甘蓝型、白菜型油菜对菌核病的抗性普遍较高,但是未能搞清楚具体的原因,只是提出抗菌核病基因主要分布在芥菜型油菜中,其次是甘蓝型油菜中。通过研究证实了芥菜型油菜上PGIP基因具有保守性、疏水性,而且结构稳定,具有多个信号肽,能够高效地发挥其抗核盘菌的功能。今后在油菜育种上应利用芥菜型油菜的优势,发挥其抗病育种的潜力。 相似文献
20.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Stem rot, a destructive fungal disease caused by Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriksson, is a serious problem for many important crops including faba beans... 相似文献