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1.
水禽是流感病毒巨大的贮存库，其在禽流感的发生及其传播中具有非常重要的流行病学意义。本文就水禽禽流感的流行特点、致病力及其防控措施中疫苗的选择、免疫程序的制定、免疫增强剂等方面作了阐述和探讨。 相似文献
2.
水禽是流感病毒巨大的贮存库,其在禽流感的发生及其传播中具有非常重要的流行病学意义。本文就水禽禽流感的流行特点、致病力及其防控措施中疫苗的选择、免疫程序的制定、免疫增强剂等方面作了阐述和探讨。 相似文献
3.
水禽是流感病毒巨大的贮存库,其在禽流感的发生及其传播中具有非常重要的流行病学意义。本文就水禽禽流感的流行特点、致病力及其防控措施中疫苗的选择、免疫程序的制定、免疫增强剂等方面作了阐述和探讨。 相似文献
4.
一禽流感
关于水禽禽流感，尤其是鸭，过去教科书和资料记载普遍认为水禽仅为流感病毒的携带者而不发病，然而90年代中期以来，水禽感染高致病力流感病毒发病、死亡的事实打破了人们对水禽流感的传统认识。 相似文献
5.
候鸟等野生禽类,特别是野生水禽是流感病毒的天然宿主,在禽流感的流行中具有重要的生态学意义,研究表明水禽流感病毒是所有流感病毒的祖先,所有15个H亚型和9个N亚型的A型流感病毒在野禽群体中均能分离到。近年禽流感对禽类以及人类健康的威胁越来越大,故研究候鸟等野生禽类禽流 相似文献
6.
野鸟在流感的生态学上具有重要的地位,从70年代起,美国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚等国家对野生鸟类及候鸟的禽流感监测做了长期系统的研究工作。自1961年首次从野禽体内分离到H5N3禽流感病毒后,所有15个H亚型和9个N亚型的A型流感病毒都在野禽群体中分离到,特别是野鸭、海岸鸟及海鸥等水禽,从野生迁徙性水禽中分离到禽流感病毒的几率远远超过了其它禽种。经多年的调查和研究,已知水禽是禽流感病毒的天然宿主,其所携带的流感病毒是各型流感病毒的祖先,野生鸟尤其是鸭乃流感病毒巨大的储存库。故研究野生水禽及候鸟禽流感对防治禽流感具有重要… 相似文献
7.
众所周知,禽流感病毒种类繁多,特别是水禽作为流感病毒重要的宿主,贮存的禽流感病毒基因资源异常丰富。其在H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的传播和生态演变中发挥了重要的作用,成了H5N1亚型流感病毒的"特洛伊木马"。目前,国际社会对此高度关注。近几年来禽流感的公共卫生意义逐渐凸显。因此,有必要加强对水禽禽流感的研究和防控工作。1水禽禽流感的流行特点各种日龄水禽均可感染发病,但临床上以20日龄以上的鸭群多见发病。该病一年四季均有发生, 相似文献
8.
H5亚型高致病性禽流感在野生水禽中进化很慢,传给陆禽后其进化速度大大加快,当一些病毒在陆禽适应且毒力增强后又会反传给野生水禽.虽然野生水禽在感染高致病性禽流感后不能长久维持和储存病毒,但可以促进高致病性禽流感病毒远距离传播.与此同时,家养水禽在陆禽与野生水禽之间的流感病毒传播上起着非常重要的媒介和放大器作用,它们既可以携带多种亚型的低致病性禽流感病毒,又能长期储存陆禽来源的高致病性禽流感病毒,尤其是家鸭,无论是否免疫,抗体水平高低,都能带毒排毒,将高致病性禽流感病毒在野生水禽与陆禽间的传播放大. 相似文献
9.
今年初在东南亚一些国家发生高致病性禽流感的流行，在一些国家还发现该病毒感染于人，导致人的死亡，引起了世界卫生组织和各国政府的高度重视。在我国一些省也发现有高致病性禽流感的流行，由于我国政府采取了强有力的扑灭措施，现已宣布该病在这些省已扑灭并得到有效控制，疫情没有扩散，同时我国也没有发现感染于人的病例。这说明对该病只要采取果断有效的防制，完全能在短时间内控制和扑灭，但是我们思想不能麻痹和松懈，要防止该病的反复，为什么?因为多种野禽和水禽都可感染和携带禽流感病毒。它们本身可能不出现临床症状，但可排毒并散播病毒，成为鸡引发禽流感的主要传染源。本着重介绍水禽的禽流感带毒和传播该病的情况以及提出一些防治办法。 相似文献
10.
禽流感病毒是正粘病毒，流感病毒属的一个成员。流感病毒由特异的不具交叉反应的核糖核蛋白抗原区分为三个不同的抗原型，即A、B、C三型。A型和B型人流感病毒可造成季节性流行，一般出现在10月和5月。野生水禽是所有已知A型流感病毒的天然宿主，特别是某些野鸭、鹅、大雁、天鹅、海鸥、水鸟和燕鸥。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
14.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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