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1.
生殖周期小鼠细胞免疫功能的探讨—外周血T细胞和子宫肥大细胞… 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本实验用甲苯胺蓝染色法和非特异性酯酶染色法，分别探讨了小鼠生殖周期中子宫肥大细胞和外周血Ｔ细胞的消长情况。结果发现，以间情期为基准，无论是子宫肥大细胞数量，还是外周血Ｔ细胞数量，在发情期明显降低，妊娠期维持较低水平，临产前反弹，分娩１ｄ减少，分娩后２－３ｄ恢复间情期水平。发情期、妊娠期肥大细胞和Ｔ细胞的减少，有利于附植、妊娠，也可能是精子和胎儿不被母体排斥的原因之一，临产前反弹，提示分娩时母体对胎 相似文献
2.
生殖周期小鼠子宫内膜上皮淋巴细胞的数量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用甲苯胺蓝染色方法，观察了发情周期、妊娠期和分娩后小鼠子宫粘膜上皮内淋巴细胞的消长情况。与间情期相比，上皮内淋巴细胞的数量在发情前期减少，而发情期和发情后期又增加。妊娠 １ ｄ 数量较少，１４ ｄ 开始回升，１８ ｄ 的数量超过间情期。分娩后 １ ｄ 突然升高，随后又逐渐恢复。这些结果提示，上皮内淋巴细胞可能参与子宫粘膜免疫。 相似文献
3.
猪子宫内膜肥大细胞消涨规律初探 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
雌性小型猪１５头，分为二月龄、间情期、民情前期、发情期、妊娠期等六组。颈动脉放血处死，取子宫组织，经甲苯胺改良法和免疫组化法染色，观察肥大细胞的动态变化。子宫内膜肥大细胞的数量随个体的生长而增加。在发情周期中肥大细胞的数量呈规律性的变化：在民情前期一时性地剧增，至发情期陡然降至显著低于间情期的水平，在妊娠期也维持低于间情期的水平。本实验的结果提示，子宫内膜肥大细胞的数量可能反映子宫局部的免疫水平。 相似文献
4.
绵羊妊娠期外周血T细胞及其亚群的观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用酸性ａ－萘酯酶（ＡＮＡＥ）组化反应标记绵羊妊娠期外周血Ｔ细胞，与间情期相比，Ｔ细胞总数和辅助性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｈ）无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），而抑制性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｓ）明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。间情期和妊娠期Ｔｈ／Ｔｓ分别为４．６７和２．６。结果提示，妊娠期羊可能通过增加Ｔｓ细胞来压低母体免疫水平。 相似文献
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6.
母猪性周期和妊娠期中外周血T细胞及其亚群的观察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用酸性α-萘酯酶(ANAE)组化反应标记外周血T细胞。与间情期相比,总T细胞的比率及其两个亚群(辅助性T细胞和抑制性T细胞)的比率在发情前期无明显变化;在发情期和妊娠期,总T细胞的比率显著降低(P<0.05),其中,辅助性T细胞亚群的比率显著降低(P<0.01),而抑制性T细胞亚群的比率显著升高(P<0.01)。表明在发情期和妊娠期,母猪的细胞免疫水平显著地低于间情期。 相似文献
7.
采用ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化试验、葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）与Ｂ淋巴细胞膜表面免疫球蛋白（ＳｍＩｇ）粘附试验，测定了１１头母猪分娩前后外周血不同时期的淋巴细胞转化率（ＬＴＲ）与ＳｍＩｇ＋Ｂ淋巴细胞百分率（ＳｍＩｇ＋ＢＬＰ）。结果表明，分娩前２１ｄ至分娩前６ｄ，母猪外周血ＬＴＲ一直维持在较低水平，说明妊娠后期母猪细胞免疫功能低下；分娩前１ｄ，母猪外周血ＬＴＲ升高，提示分娩的启动可能与母体细胞免疫功能增强，导致免疫排斥的发生有一定关系。分娩后，母猪外周血ＬＴＲ降低后又逐渐升高，至分娩后１０ｄ，ＬＴＲ已逐渐趋向正常，并一直维持到分娩后２５ｄ。母猪分娩前外周血ＳｍＩｇ＋ＢＬＰ一直维持在较高水平，分娩后逐渐下降，分娩后１５ｄ趋向正常。 相似文献
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9.
妊娠是哺乳动物的胚胎和胎儿在母体子宫内发育成长的时期,妊娠起始于受精、终止于分娩.妊娠期一般可分为胚胎早期、胚胎期和胎儿期.胚胎早期为受精后12～15d.胚胎期为受精后的第15～33d.胎儿期到受精后的第34d至分娩.胎儿发育成熟,妊娠期满,母体将胎儿及其附属物从子宫排出体外的生理过程就是分娩. 相似文献
10.
杨艳萍 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2021,(1)
母猪的饲养管理是养猪产业非常重要的一个环节,关系到经济效益的高低,特别是母猪临产前的饲养管理及母猪的分娩接产更是重中之重。分娩是指母猪怀孕以后,经过一定时期,胎儿发育成熟,在母体各种因素的共同作用下,母体将发育成熟的胎儿及其胎盘、羊水从子宫排出体外的生理活动过程。母猪有双角子宫,产仔率高,是多胎性动物。其发情持续期18~21d,平均21d,每次发情期排出成熟卵泡8~15枚,与精子结合后,形成受精卵,附着子宫,逐渐发育成胎儿。在母猪生产过程中,及时对分娩母猪施行科学接产,有利于避免母猪难产的发生,保护生产母猪的安全与健康;有利于促进生产母猪体能恢复,提高母猪生产性能,促进养猪业的发展。 相似文献
11.
Blood samples were collected during the estrous cycle (n=3), throughout gestation (n=3), and during the periparturient period (n=11) to assess serum concentrations of cortisol in pregnant and non-pregnant Asian elephants whose reproductive status was being monitored by serum progestin determination. While serum cortisol concentrations remained constant throughout gestation, progestin concentrations decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the second half of pregnancy, declining to undetectable levels by 3 days before calving. During the non-luteal phase of the estrous cycle serum progestins varied from undetectable levels to 100pg/ml (53+/-10.7pg/ml) then increased steadily during the luteal phase (322+/-207.5pg/ml). There were no significant differences between serum cortisol concentrations during the luteal and those of the non-luteal phase (p>0.05). The mean cortisol concentration during the estrous cycle was about twice that during pregnancy (p>0.05). No substantial changes in maternal cortisol were found during the course of pregnancy or the periparturient period. 相似文献
12.
The mammalian uterus changes dramatically during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and involution post partum. Dynamic changes in the uterine endometrium are a type of homeostasis and proceed with proliferation and exclusion of cells. Homeostasis of the uterus is closely related to apoptosis involving various hormones and cytokines. The objective of the present study was to determine the morphological features and occurrence of apoptosis in the porcine endometrium during the estrous cycle, early pregnancy, and post partum. Cyclic changes in the morphology of the surface epithelium were observed during the estrous cycle. The heights of surface epithelia were significantly high on day 4 of the estrous cycle and the early pregnancy. The heights of the surface epithelium remained low from days 1 to 31 post partum. We then used terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling (TUNEL) of the 3'-terminal of fragmented DNA, which is effective for detection of apoptosis in various tissues. We found that apoptosis in the porcine endometrium contributed to homeostasis of the endometrium during the estrous cycle through control of cell proliferation and exclusion. Conversely, apoptosis on days 4 and 8 of gestation before the implantation window depended on the plasma estrogen and progesterone levels; however, suppressive homeostasis of apoptosis occurred at the time of implantation on days 15, 18 and 21 of gestation. Our study is the first to demonstrate apoptotic cell death in the porcine endometrium directly by TUNEL method. The results strongly suggest that uterine homeostasis is mainly controlled by apoptosis during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. 相似文献
13.
Effect of transportation on the estrous cycle and concentrations of hormones in mares 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K L Baucus E L Squires S L Ralston A O McKinnon T M Nett 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(2):419-426
Effect of transportation on estrous behavior, duration of the estrous cycle, ovulation, pregnancy rates and concentrations of serum cortisol, plasma ascorbic acid (AA), LH, estradiol and progesterone in mares was investigated. Fifteen mares were transported for 792 km (12 h) during the preovulatory stage of estrus. Transported mares were bled immediately before transport (baseline), at midtrip and 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-transport and twice daily from d 1 before transport to d 1 (estrogen) or 3 (LH) post-ovulation. Blood samples also were taken for progesterone on d 0, 2, 6, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 post-ovulation. Nontransported control mares (n = 15) were bled on the same schedule as transported mares. There was no difference (P greater than .05) in number of mares ovulating, estrous behavior, duration of the estrous cycle or pregnancy rate between groups. Cortisol in transported mares increased to concentrations greater (P less than .05) than those in control mares at midtrip and 0 h post-transport. Concentrations of AA in transported mares also increased (P less than .05) at midtrip, then decreased (P less than .05) below baseline at 24 h post-transport. Concentrations of LH and estradiol increased (P less than .05) above baseline throughout the blood-sampling period. Increases apparently were due to preovulatory surges of these hormones. Increase in LH concentrations in transported mares, however, was greater (P less than .05) than that in control mares at 0 h post-transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
14.
Chie Suzuki Koji Yoshioka Manabu Yamada Toru Miyamoto Noboru Manabe 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(1):1-10
We examined the gene and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, its receptors (types I and II, designated TNF-RI and TNF-RII, respectively), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and morphological features in the porcine corpus luteum (CL), on Days 13 and 17 (Day 0 = the last day of estrus) of the estrous cycle or of early pregnancy. Gene expression levels of TNF-α, TNF-RI, TNF-RII and TRAF2 were unaffected by the day or reproductive status. TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in the CL on Day 17 of pregnancy than on Day 13 of pregnancy and on day 17 of the estrous cycle. The TNF-RI protein level was significantly higher in the CL on Days 13 and 17 of pregnancy than those of the estrous cycle, significantly increasing on Day 17 compared with those on Day 13 in pregnancy. In relation to TNF-RII protein levels, although there were no change during pregnancy, there was a tendency (P?=?0.0524) to up-regulate as pregnancy proceeded. In estrous cycle, TNF-RII protein levels decreased significantly as luteolysis proceeded. TRAF2 protein level was significantly higher in the CL on Days 13 and 17 of pregnancy than during estrous. There were few apoptotic bodies in the CL between Days 13 and 17 of pregnancy than during esrous. There were few apoptotic bodies in the CL between Days 13 and 17 of pregnancy. The number of apoptotic bodies was much greater than the CL on Day 17 of the estrous than those of pregnancy. Thus, the TNF-α and TNF-RI and TNF-RII pathways including the TRAF2 protein, known to control of cell differentiation, tissue renewal and apoptosis, might participate in maintaining the porcine CL during early pregnancy. 相似文献
15.
Genetic improvement in reproductive efficiency through selection is difficult because many reproductive traits are binomial and have low heritabilities. Before genetic markers can be generated for fertility in cows, greater characterization of reproductive phenotypes is needed to understand the components of the trait. The current study tested the hypotheses that: 1) breeds vary in postpartum interval to estrus (PPIE) and estrous cycle length, 2) a longer estrous cycle immediately before breeding increased pregnancy rates, and 3) a greater number of cycles before breeding increased conception rates. The postpartum interval to estrus, estrous cycle length, and number of cycles before breeding were examined in F1 cows (n = 519) obtained from mating Hereford, Angus, and MARC III cows to Hereford, Angus, Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, Gelbvieh, and Red Angus sires. Cows were classified as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 observed estrous cycles before breeding. All traits analyzed were adjusted to constant BCS. Sire breed of the cow influenced length of the PPIE and number of cycles before the start of breeding (P <0.001). Simmental-sired cows had the shortest PPIE and greatest number of cycles before breeding, whereas Limousin-sired cows had the longest PPIE and least number of cycles before breeding. Cows with a greater number of cycles before breeding did not have greater conception rates than cows that had not exhibited standing estrus before breeding (P = 0.87). In cows that cycled before breeding, the length of the estrous cycle immediately before breeding was influenced by dam breed and BCS (P <0.01). Cows out of Hereford dams had shorter estrous cycles than cows out of MARC III or Angus dams, and estrous cycle length increased as BCS increased. Conception rate decreased as length of the estrous cycle immediately before breeding increased (P = 0.05, -2.2% per d of cycle length). Therefore, previously anestrous cows were just as likely to conceive as cows that had cycled before breeding, and an increased number of observed estrous cycles before breeding did not increase conception rates. There may be an influence of the length of estrous cycle immediately before breeding on conception rates, possibly because a longer estrous cycle results in a persistent follicle with greater potential for a lower quality oocyte. Breed differences in PPIE and estrous cycle length suggest that there are genetic components to these traits. 相似文献
16.
Ishida M Choi JH Hirabayashi K Matsuwaki T Suzuki M Yamanouchi K Horai R Sudo K Iwakura Y Nishihara M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(3):499-508
In the corpus luteum of rats and mice, 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20alpha-HSD) catalyzes the conversion of progesterone to a biologically inactive metabolite, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20alpha-OHP). The reduction of progesterone by 20alpha-HSD is believed to be important for functional luteolysis in these rodent species. In addition to the corpus luteum, expression of 20alpha-HSD has been demonstrated in tissues such as the placenta, endometrial epithelia, and fetal skin, although the roles it plays in the latter tissues remain to be determined. To determine the contribution of 20alpha-HSD to functional luteolysis and to the rodent reproductive system more generally, we generated a strain of mice with targeted disruption of the 20alpha-HSD gene. In the 20alpha-HSD-/- mice we obtained, which lacked the genomic region essential for catalytic reaction, neither 20alpha-HSD activity in the corpus luteum nor an increase in the serum concentrations of 20alpha-OHP during pseudopregnancy or pregnancy was detected. The durations of the estrous cycle, pseudopregnancy, and pregnancy were significantly prolonged in the 20alpha-HSD-/- mice, although the serum progesterone levels decreased to levels low enough for delivery of pups at term of pregnancy. In addition, the number of pups, especially live pups, was markedly decreased in the 20alpha-HSD-/- mice. These findings suggest that the role of 20alpha-HSD in functional luteolysis is relatively minor but that it is involved in the survival of newborn mice. 相似文献
17.
Progesterone plays important roles in the regulation of female reproduction. In this study, progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA levels in rat uterus during pregnancy, labor, lactation and the estrous cycle were examined by competitive RT-PCR. During pregnancy and lactation, PR mRNA levels had decreased on day 20 of pregnancy (P20) and P21 compared with P15 but increased during labor. After a decline on day 1 of lactation (L1), PR mRNA levels had increased again on L3 and L14 compared with P15, P18, P20, P21 and P21pm (at 2200-2300 h on P21). There was no significant change in the PR mRNA level during the estrous cycle. The PR mRNA level did not change during 1 week of progesterone treatment or afterwards. Injection of 17beta-estradiol did not affect PR mRNA levels in rats treated with progesterone or those without any injections. In rats on P18, 17beta-estradiol injection did not change PR mRNA levels after sham-operation but induced an increase in PR mRNA levels of rats ovariectomized 6 h before the treatment. These results suggest that uterine PR mRNA levels are differently regulated during late pregnancy, labor and lactation, and during labor estrogen is one of the essential factors for the increase in PR mRNA levels. 相似文献
18.
This study was conducted to determine the staining properties, the light and electron microscopic appearance and numerical distribution of mast cells from different regions of the bovine oviduct during the estrous phase and luteal phase. Ten oviducts from bovines in the estrous phase, and 10 from bovines in the luteal phase were used as study samples. In three regions of the oviduct (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus), mast cells that showed metachromasia with toluidin blue and Ab(+), SO(-) with the combined Ab/SO stains were encountered. Electron microscopic studies of the mast cells showed them to contain two types of granules; a dense homogeneous type and a tiny particulate type. In all three regions of the oviduct, the luteal phase was observed to have a higher number of mast cells per mm2 area than the estrual phase with the isthmus having the most dense population. 相似文献
19.
The aim of this study was to investigate the (1) expression of progesterone membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), serpine mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) and progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA and (2) protein expression levels of PGRMC1, SERBP1 and PR isoforms A and B in the bovine myometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Uteri from cows on days 1-5, 6-10, 11-16 and 17-21 of the estrous cycle and weeks 3-5, 6-8 and 9-12 of pregnancy were used (n=5-6 per period). There were no changes (P>0.05) in PGRMC1 mRNA expression during the estrous cycle, while expression of SERBP1 and PR mRNA was the lowest (P<0.05) on days 11-16 relative to other days of the cycle. The highest mRNA expression of PGRMC1, SERBP1 and PR was found during pregnancy. There were no changes (P>0.05) in SERBP1 protein expression in cycling and pregnant cows, while the highest (P<0.05) PGRMC1 protein expression was found during weeks 3-5 of pregnancy. Similar protein expression profiles for PRA and PRB were found, and protein levels were highest on days 1-5 of the estrous cycle. From day 6 of the cycle, PRA and PRB protein expression decreased and were maintained at this lower level during pregnancy. In conclusion, our study assessed mRNA and protein expression levels of PGRMC1, SERBP1 and PR in the bovine myometrium during the estrous cycle and the first trimester of pregnancy. It is possible that progesterone (P4) affects myometrial function in a genomic and nongenomic manner. 相似文献