共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
SummaryGrevillea cv. ‘Crimson Yul-lo’ has large bright red terminal inflorescences on leafy stems and has recognised commercial potential as a cut flower crop. A major limitation is its relatively short vase-life, often terminated by early wilting of the inflorescence despite apparently turgid leaves. An investigation of the water relations of cut Grevillea ‘Crimson Yul-lo’ stems revealed that the water potential of inflorescences on intact stems in vases was significantly higher (i.e., less negative) than that of leaves from day-0 to day-3 of vase-life. Thereafter, the water potential of inflorescences declined more rapidly than that of leaves, accompanied by visible wilting of the tepals and styles of individual florets. Removal of leaves from the stems reduced both water uptake and water loss, and delayed the onset of a negative water balance in the inflorescence. Bagging of entire stems, leaves only, or inflorescences only, with micro-perforated plastic film to reduce transpiration, reducing leaf number to reduce leaf area, or supplying abscisic acid to reduce leaf stomatal aperture, all aided relative fresh weight retention by stems and extended vase-life. Four or six leaves on a stem caused greater loss in inflorescence water content than zero or two leaves. Considered collectively, these findings show that competition for water between the inflorescence and the leaves in cut Grevillea ‘Crimson Yul-lo’ stems contributes to the onset of inflorescence wilting and their short vase-life. 相似文献
2.
【目的】分析不同凤梨品种叶缘变化规律,探讨叶刺性状在无性繁殖过程中的稳定性。【方法】以4种凤梨属植物共计14个栽培品种为材料,调查叶缘类型、叶刺形态,并以2个不同叶缘类型的品种为材料比较吸芽繁殖和组培繁殖对叶缘性状稳定性的影响。【结果】根据叶刺着生的位置、密度和有刺叶片所占比例等差异,可将凤梨植株的叶缘划分为完全无刺、仅叶尖有刺、偶尔有刺、偶尔无刺和全株有刺等5种类型;进而将凤梨品种划分为全株有刺、完全无刺和中间类型3类。全株有刺、完全无刺类型品种无论以吸芽繁殖还是组培繁殖,其后代叶缘类型稳定;而中间类型品种的无性繁殖后代则叶缘性状不稳定,即使以中间类型品种中完全无刺的吸芽进行繁殖,后代中仍然会出现仅叶尖有刺、偶尔有刺、偶尔无刺等3种叶缘类型的植株。叶刺是由叶片细胞向外延伸而形成,表面由一层较厚角质层所包裹,向上弯曲呈钩状,开张角度22°~55°,间距1.99~9.72 mm,长1.14~2.46 mm。将中间类型品种‘MD-2’中的全株无刺类型植株通过"以芽繁芽"方式增殖8~10代时,所得组培植株的叶缘有刺率平均4.3%;若不加选择地使用无刺或有刺的吸芽进行组培,8~10代时有刺率达47.78%,有刺率与田间吸芽繁殖情况没有显著差异。【结论】按叶缘状况可将凤梨属品种划分为全株有刺、完全无刺和中间类型3个种,无性繁殖时中间类型品种的叶缘性状不稳定。 相似文献
3.
A.L. GarcÍa R. Madrid N. Nicolás V. >MartÍnez J.A. >Franco 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):664-670
SummaryThe effect of different doses of nitrogen on water stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Royesta’) plants grown in a sandy soil and exposed, or not, to long-term water stress was studied. Nitrogen dose treatments consisted of Hoagland’s solution (N1 treatment), Hoagland’s solution + 40 mM NO3– (N2 treatment), or Hoagland’s solution + 80 mM NO3– (N3 treatment) applied every 3 d, for a total of seven applications following plant establishment. Subsequently, daily application of 80% (stressed) or 100% (unstressed) of the water evapotranspired by control plants the previous day was combined, factorially, with the three nitrogen treatments, for a period of 2 weeks. The leaf fresh weight (FW) at full turgor:leaf dry weight (DW) ratio was high in plants under the N1 and N3 stress treatments, with no significant difference between them soon after the start and at the end of the water stress treatment. However, the N2 treatment produced a significant increase in the ratio in well-watered plants, but not in water-stressed plants at the end of the stress period. The surface area per leaf was greater in stressed than in control plants, except for N2. Leaf water potential was greatly reduced in stressed N2 and N3 plants, but was unaltered in their well-watered counterparts. The significant increases in relative water content at the turgor loss point (around 3%) and in cell membrane rigidity (an increase of more than 125% in the bulk modulus of elasticity) clearly indicate an osmotic adjustment in stressed N2 plants, confirming that this N dose moderated the effects of the water stress imposed on N2 plants. 相似文献
4.
Evaporative cooling of rose plants ‘Baccara’ and ‘Marimba’ by “fan and pad” resulted in a substantial increase in shoot water potential, a decrease in leaf diffusive resistance, and an increase in CO2 fixation. The mid-day increase in the leaf diffusive resistance was not accompanied by a decrease in the CO2 uptake. This phenomenon is attributed to the existence of continuous air flow through the plant canopy. Evaporative cooling also increased leaf area and the fresh weight and dry matter content of flower buds and stems. 相似文献
5.
The growth, development and mineral contents of 3 cultivars of amarant (Amaranthus cruentus L.), ‘Large Leaf’, ‘Light Red’ and ‘Local Green’, were compared in a greenhouse study. There were small differences between the cultivars for the development per plant of leaf area, number of branches, number of nodes, and dry-weight production of stems, roots, inflorescences and most especially leaves at the edible stage. The 3 cultivars produced edible shoots between 5 and 7 weeks. There were, however, significant differences in the mineral content of the cultivars, in the order ‘Local Green’ > ‘Large Leaf’ > ‘Light Red’, for the concentrations of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese. It is concluded that, although the 3 cultivars matured at the same time, ‘Local Green’ was the most nutritive as to mineral contents. 相似文献
6.
为了利用色素比较评价不同菠萝品种的农艺性状,选取定植在江门地区的4个菠萝品种叶片为试验材料。结果表明,‘金菠萝’的SPAD值和类胡萝卜素最高,显著高于其他3个品种。‘巴厘’的花青苷含量显著高于其他3个品种,‘卡因’的花青苷含量显著高于‘黄金菠萝’。对于绿色叶片而言,高叶绿素含量品种的叶色深绿,低含量的叶色黄绿;对于彩色叶片植株而言,花青苷含量起主导作用。4个品种在色素含量方面有较大差异,色素可以作为进行菠萝品种评价和鉴别的重要指标。 相似文献
7.
F. Di Gioia D. Buttaro O. Ayala P. Santamaria 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):477-482
SummaryHeirloom tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) such as ‘Cuore di Bue’ are highly appreciated by consumers for their outstanding quality and flavour. Nowadays, they are often grafted onto vigorous rootstocks in order to overcome several soil-borne diseases. The present study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in Southern Italy. Plants of ‘Cuore di Bue’, an heirloom ‘oxheart’ tomato, were grown in a greenhouse either as non-grafted plants, or grafted onto two inter-specific (S. lycopersicum S. habrochaites) rootstocks (‘Beaufort F1’ and ‘Maxifort F1’) in order to evaluate their effects on vegetative growth, marketable yield, fruit quality, and the sensory properties of ‘Cuore di Bue’ tomato fruit. Growth analysis revealed that ‘Maxifort F1’ enhanced plant growth, particularly in terms of leaf area and leaf fresh weight. Grafted plants had higher leaf area ratios (by 13%) and higher leaf dry weight fractions (by 18%) compared to non-grafted ‘Cuore di Bue’ plants. Marketable yields increased by 20 – 25% in grafted plants in both years. However, total soluble solids (TSS) contents, titratable acidity (TA), and TSS/TA ratios were not significantly affected by grafting.Vitamin C contents decreased by 14 – 20% in both years in the fruit of plants grafted onto either rootstock. The sensory profiles of fruit were not modified by grafting, although taste panelists expressed a higher preference for purchasing fruit from plants grafted onto ‘Maxifort F1’. These results confirm that, when using the appropriate rootstock/scion combination, grafting can improve plant growth and the marketable yield of heirloom tomato fruit without reducing the sensory quality of the fruit or its biochemical parameters. However, grafting can reduce vitamin C contents and, thus, nutritional quality. 相似文献
8.
M.H. Behboudian 《Scientia Horticulturae》1977,7(4):311-317
Transpiration and net photosynthesis of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivar ‘Claresse’ were measured at decreasing leaf water potential (ψleaf). Attached single leaves were used in an open system and 6 levels of irradiance were applied. Mesophyll resistance to diffusion of Co2 (r'm) and stomatal resistance to diffusion of water vapour (rs) were calculated from the gas exchange rates. As ψleaf declined, transpiration and photosynthesis decreased due to stomatal closure and an increase in r'm in the case of photosynthesis. For the same degree of water stress, photosynthesis was maintained better in egg-plant than in other vegetable plants cited in the literature. Twenty four hours after the severely stressed plants were rewatered, gas exchange rates had not recovered completely. This was due to an after-effect of stress on the stomates, and to additional direct effects of drought on the photosynthetic system. 相似文献
9.
为探究阴生植物玉簪叶片表皮蜡质在光的适应性中发挥的作用，以蓝叶类型‘翠鸟’（Hosta ‘Halcyon’）和‘婴儿睡袋’（Hosta‘Baby Bunting’）为试材，通过盆栽试验，在自然光照下，分别测定正常覆有蜡质的叶片和人工除去蜡质的叶片在0、7、14 d后的光合日变化、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数以及相对电导率、丙二醛含量等生理指标。结果表明：正常叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、最大光化学效率高于去蜡质的叶片，而蒸腾速率低于去蜡质的叶片。‘翠鸟’玉簪叶片净光合速率分别在8：00和16：00时出现峰值，而‘婴儿睡袋’玉簪峰值分别出现在10：00和14：00时，说明‘婴儿睡袋’比‘翠鸟’对强光的适应性更强。在光照强度较高的条件下，正常叶片温度比去蜡质的低。随着处理天数的增加，各种处理的玉簪叶片相对电导率和MDA含量均增加且在7 d后达到最大，之后明显下降。本研究结果说明，在强光照下，叶片表皮蜡质具有减少光抑制、降低叶片温度、减少蒸腾失水等保护作用。 相似文献
10.
选用北京市区优良城市绿化彩色树种,包括紫叶稠李（Prunus wilsonii）、春雪海棠（Malus‘Spring snow’）、王族海棠（Malus‘Royalty’）、火焰卫矛（Euonymus alatus‘Compacta’）,银白槭（Acer saccharinum）,用分光光度计法测定色素含量,探讨与其叶片颜色的关系。在不同季节同一地点进行采样测定,发现花青素在紫（红）色系彩叶植物叶片的呈色中占主导作用;叶片颜色随着温度的变化而变化,是影响叶片颜色的最主要外界因素之一;在季节的变化过程中植物叶片的色素含量也呈现规律性变化。结果将为进一步研究彩叶植物的成色机理提供依据,为城市绿化品种推广作为参考。 相似文献
11.
Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in two rose rootstocks: Rosa chinensis ‘Major’ and R. rubiginosa
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,87(3):207-216
The responses of two rose rootstocks Rosa chinensis ‘Major’ and R. rubiginosa were investigated under salt stress. The distribution of chloride and sodium ions in all plant parts was determined. The salt treatments were applied through irrigation water containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mM NaCl. Necrosis on the leaves as a result of the NaCl treatments was observed with in rootstocks after two months. Leaf injury was more pronounced in R. chinensis ‘Major’ than R. rubiginosa. The rootstock R. rubiginosa showed a higher tolerance to the NaCl stress than R. chinensis ‘Major’. The survival of the plants under increased NaCl stress as well as the extent of leaf injury could be used in the determination of tolerance of the rose genotypes. The lower older leaves contained higher concentrations of Cl− than the young upper leaves. Leaf samples had higher concentrations of Cl− than stem samples taken from the same positions. The roots contained higher amounts of Cl− than the stem samples. The plants accumulated higher amounts of Cl− in comparison with Na+. The lower leaves of R. chinensis ‘Major’ had higher amounts of Na+ than in all other parts whereas R. rubiginosa had higher concentrations of Na+ in the roots than in all other parts. 相似文献
12.
不同品种蓝莓植株失绿的叶片和土壤诊断及分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以4种蓝莓失绿植株的根际土和黄化叶片为试材,分析了各根际土壤的K、P、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、有效铁含量和植株叶面积、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、有效铁含量等指标,以探究蓝莓植株黄化的原因。结果表明:4种蓝莓的各级黄化叶的叶面积(重度黄化叶下降15.5%～37.5%)、叶绿素b(重度黄化叶下降43.8%～71.0%)和有效铁含量低于健康叶(重度黄化叶下降14.7～19.7%),重度黄化叶的叶绿素a含量低于健康叶(下降72.5%～76.8%);4种蓝莓黄化植株的根际土壤有效铁含量低于健康植株(重度黄化植株的下降16.7%～22.1%),依次为健康植株>轻度黄化>中度黄化>重度黄化;重度黄化植株根际土壤的K、P含量高于或等于健康植株;除"蓝金"品种外,其它品种重度黄化植株根际土壤的Ca含量低于或等于健康植株;除"伯克利"品种外,其它品种根际土壤的Mg含量与健康植株相等;除"莱克西"品种外,其它品种根际土壤的Zn含量低于健康植株;4种蓝莓重度黄化植株根际土壤的Cu含量与健康植株相等。因此,蓝莓植株叶片黄化的原因是由于土壤中的有效铁含量较低,K、P含量过高,从而造成叶片有效铁含量过低,叶绿素含量下降,最终导致叶片黄化。 相似文献
13.
试验以"蜜本"南瓜为对照,以Sphaerotheca fuliginea(Schlecht.ex Fr.)Poll.白粉病为病原菌,采用幼苗期接种鉴定、成株期叶片叶盘法接种鉴定和田间调查的方法鉴定中国南瓜"112-2"自交系对白粉病的抗性,并在扫描电镜下比较了它们的叶片表面结构。结果表明:苗期接种白粉病11 d后,"112-2"自交系的病情指数显著低于"蜜本"南瓜,病情指数分别是28.8和47.6;叶盘法接种4 d后,"112-2"自交系的病情指数显著低于"蜜本"南瓜,病情指数分别是7.5和38.6;田间调查"112-2"自交系和"蜜本"南瓜的病情指数分别为0和21.7;说明"112-2"自交系是高抗白粉病的材料。在电镜下观察,"112-2"自交系的气孔密度、刚毛密度和刚毛长度显著大于"蜜本"南瓜,而气孔长度和宽度显著小于"蜜本"南瓜。 相似文献
14.
60Co-γ辐射对切花菊试管苗的诱变效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以‘神马’和‘长紫’两个切花菊品种的生根试管苗为试材,用60Co-γ射线进行辐射,设0（对照）、10、15和20 Gy等4个剂量处理,处理后以茎段和叶片为外植体进行离体培养,分析辐射对腋芽发生率、愈伤组织诱导率和分化率的影响,统计M1代田间主要性状及变异情况。结果表明：γ射线对试管苗茎段和叶片的愈伤组织诱导及分化有明显抑制作用,随着辐射剂量的增加抑制作用加强。不同品种、不同外植体对辐射的敏感程度都存在差异。茎段较叶片更适合做辐射后组培的外植体。‘长紫’M1代株高降低,花径减小;而‘神马’在株高和花径出现略微增加的趋势。茎段和叶片的再生植株田间主要性状的变异程度大于腋芽的再生植株。‘长紫’在花色和瓣形上的变异率高于‘神马’。 相似文献
15.
种植密度对封闭式槽培黄瓜产量、品质及光合作用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以"中农26"黄瓜为试材,采用封闭式槽培循环供液系统,设定低密度33 330株·hm-2(T1)、中密度49 995株·hm-2(T2)与高密度66 660株·hm-2(T3)3个种植密度处理,通过测定黄瓜株高、叶片数、最大叶面积和叶片的净光合速率、叶绿素含量等光合指标,结合叶片显微结构、叶片衰老速度及叶面积指数等分析,比较了不同种植密度对黄瓜生长、果实产量和品质以及光合特性的影响,并筛选出适宜的种植密度,以期为黄瓜封闭式无土栽培提供参考。结果表明:随密度增加,黄瓜的株高、最大叶面积及产量增高,而果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量及单株产量降低。与T3处理相比,T2处理叶片叶绿素含量及群体光合速率较高,栅栏组织较为发达,表现了较强的自我调节能力;T2处理果实的果形指数、含水量、维生素C、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量较高,可滴定酸含量较低,且T2与T1处理差异不显著。T3处理提高了黄瓜总产量,但果实单株产量与品质显著低于T1、T2处理。综上,中密度49 995株·hm-2处理的叶片结构较好,植株上下层叶片光合能力强,能提高黄瓜产量与品质。 相似文献
16.
Poul Hansen 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):211-216
One-year-old ‘Cox’s Orange Pippin’ trees planted in pots in sand culture in the spring of 1970 were (during the growing seasons of 1970–72) watered with nutrient solutions containing 0, 0.12, 0.23, 1.2, 3.5 or 7.0 mg boron per litre.With increasing boron supply, the boron concentration of the leaves increased, the growth of current year’s shoots and to some extent of other plant parts increased, and summer leaf-fall and the occurrence of necrotic leaf spots (‘Cox spots’) decreased. The percentage of healthy leaves was greatest when boron in leaf dry matter was about 30 ppm.In 1972 the trees with highest boron supply suffered from incipient boron toxicity and increased incidence of ‘Cox disease’ flowering was delayed, and the percentage of dead buds was increased. In the latter part of the summer the leaves curled upwards, turned purple and became brittle. 相似文献
17.
【目的】探究水分胁迫对葡萄不同叶龄叶片光合及荧光变化规律的影响。【方法】以3 a(年)生‘赤霞珠’葡萄(Vitis vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvignon’)为试材,由黎明前叶片水势(ψb)反映胁迫程度,设置对照(无水分胁迫,CK)、中度水分胁迫(T1)和重度水分胁迫(T2)三个处理,测定‘赤霞珠’葡萄新梢不同叶龄叶面积、叶片光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及Ru BP活化酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酯酶活性。【结果】葡萄叶片叶龄为80 d时,叶面积趋于稳定,T2显著降低了各叶龄叶片的面积,T1与CK无显著性差异;葡萄叶片SPAD值随叶龄的增加而增大,且T1增加了各叶龄叶片SPAD值,T2则降低;Pn、Gs、Tr、Ru BP活化酶和果糖-1,6-二磷酸酯酶活性随葡萄叶片叶龄的增加均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并且随水分胁迫程度的增加下降程度增大;水分胁迫不同程度地降低了各叶龄叶片Fv/Fm、Yield、ETR、q P,而Fo显著增加,T2增加了各叶龄叶片的NPQ,但随着叶龄的增加,T2叶片NPQ又显著低于其他两个处理。【结论】随‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片叶龄的增加,光合能力呈先上升后下降的趋势,当葡萄叶片叶龄为60~90 d时,光合能力最强。水分胁迫降低了各叶龄叶片的光合效率,重度水分胁迫会阻碍葡萄幼龄叶片的正常发育,并加速老龄叶片的衰老。 相似文献
18.
E. F. Walton R.-M. Wu P. Sutherland 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):574-580
SummaryLeucocoryne (Alliaceae) is a genus of bulbous plants with cut-flower potential. They are native to central Chile, which experiences a Mediterranean climate. The plants are ‘dormant’ during the heat of Summer (as bulbs, with no external leaf or root development). Leucocoryne plants ‘resume’ growth in Autumn, with the arrival of the rains and falling temperatures, and flower towards the end of their growth cycle, as temperatures rise again in Spring. Leaf and inflorescence initiation began during the Summer ‘dormant’ period and ended the following Spring. They emerged from the bulbs during the same growth cycle as they initiated. Leucocoryne bulbs consist of a series of sympodial units, each containing two leaves and a terminal inflorescence. The renewal meristem for each unit was initiated at the base of the inflorescence, in the axil of the younger leaf primordium. Leucocoryne bulbs were replaced each growing season. Secondary bulbs were initiated in the axils of the oldest, recently-initiated, leaves during late Spring. 相似文献
19.
对芸薹属异源六倍体CGMCC № 2553进行游离小孢子培养,获得各时期的胚;经继代培养获得DH再生植株;低温处理15~20 d后定植到日光温室中,或者直接定植到日光温室中自然低温处理30~40 d。结果表明,CGMCC № 2553具有胚胎发生能力,2006年获得172株DH再生植株,2007年获得230株,2008年驯化275株;定植到日光温室中的DH再生植株有些会转变为叶片突变体,2006~2007年共获得8株叶片皱缩突变体,最高获得率为 2.29 %;目前已获得2份突变体的自交种子;叶片突变体主要表现：生长初期叶片表面皱缩呈瘤状,随着生长的进行,一些皱缩的叶片转变为正常,有的则依然皱缩。进一步研究发现,在同一DH再生植株上常常会萌发出皱缩和野生型的2个或多个分枝,由于皱缩和野生型除了叶片皱缩性状不同外,其他性状完全相同,因此叶片突变体和野生型是研究叶片皱缩性状的理想材料,有利于进一步研究皱缩基因的遗传,定位、克隆叶片皱缩相关基因。 相似文献
20.
为探讨土壤水分对‘凤丹’牡丹生长及生理特性的影响,分别以2 a、3 a、4 a生的‘凤丹’牡丹为试验材料,采用盆栽的方法,研究了不同土壤相对含水量处理(包括干旱胁迫30%,50%)、涝害胁迫(90%,饱和水),以70%为对照条件下3种不同株龄‘凤丹’牡丹株高、地径、叶面积等生长指标以及叶片可溶性糖含量、电导率以及SOD活性的变化规律。结果表明:随着胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度的增加,3种不同株龄‘凤丹’牡丹在50%水分处理下的株高、地径以及叶面积的增长量均与CK(70%土壤相对含水量)差异不显著,其余水分胁迫处理则均表现为对生长产生不同程度的抑制作用。叶片可溶性糖含量和SOD活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电导率则呈现持续上升的趋势。胁迫至第56天时,30%水分处理下,可溶性糖含量和电导率的增加幅度以及SOD活性的降低幅度,4 a生‘凤丹’牡丹最大,3 a生‘凤丹’牡丹最小。在90%和饱和水处理下,可溶性糖含量和电导率的增加幅度以及SOD活性的降低幅度,2 a生‘凤丹’牡丹最大,4 a生‘凤丹’牡丹最小。且3种株龄‘凤丹’牡丹均在50%和CK条件下的可溶性糖含量和电导率以及SOD活性的变化幅度不明显。总之,3种株龄‘凤丹’牡丹最适宜土壤相对含水量为50%~70%,且3种株龄‘凤丹’牡丹耐旱性较强,但均不耐水涝,其耐涝性强弱依次为4 a生、3 a生、2 a生。 相似文献