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1.
褐飞虱与白背飞虱为害诱导水稻防御反应的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究2种稻飞虱——褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)诱导的水稻防御反应差异,于室内测定了水稻在分别受褐飞虱或白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害时,其茉莉酸、水杨酸、乙烯、H_2O_2以及挥发物含量的变化。结果表明,尽管褐飞虱和白背飞虱产卵雌成虫的为害均可以诱导水稻茉莉酸、水杨酸、乙烯和H_2O_2等防御相关信号分子以及一些水稻挥发物含量的增加,但是二者的诱导作用存在差异。水稻在受白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害时,茉莉酸的含量在3 h时就显著升高,12 h时含量达到最高;而受褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害时,6 h时茉莉酸含量才显著升高,72 h时含量达最高;并且在2种稻飞虱为害的3～48 h内,白背飞虱为害诱导的茉莉酸含量始终显著高于褐飞虱为害诱导的。水稻受白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害24 h后诱导的水杨酸含量、为害48 h后诱导的乙烯含量、为害72 h后诱导的H_2O_2含量及为害24 h后诱导的挥发物释放量分别是褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害诱导的1.28、1.45、4.10和1.77倍。表明水稻能识别褐飞虱和白背飞虱的为害,从而做出针对害虫种类特异性的防御反应;并且水稻对白背飞虱产卵雌成虫为害所做出的防御反应比对褐飞虱的更强烈。 相似文献
2.
为了解植物中特有的转录因子乙烯响应因子(ethylene responsive factor,ERF)在植物诱导抗虫反应中的作用,通过克隆1个水稻ERF转录因子基因OsERF7,并结合分子生物学、反向遗传学及生物测定,探究其在水稻防御褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera为害过程中的作用。结果显示,机械损伤处理与褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害均能在中后期诱导OsERF7的表达。沉默OsERF7能显著降低水稻上褐飞虱及白背飞虱卵的孵化率,并延长褐飞虱卵的发育历期;与野生型水稻相比,褐飞虱和白背飞虱在沉默突变体品系R1和R30上的卵孵化率分别只有野生型水稻上的62.5%～68.3%和68.0%～76.0%,褐飞虱卵的发育历期则延长0.37～0.45 d。沉默OsERF7不影响褐飞虱产卵雌成虫为害诱导的水稻防御相关信号分子—茉莉酸(JA)、水杨酸(SA)、乙烯(ET)和过氧化氢(H_2O_2)的含量。表明转录因子OsERF7作用于防御相关信号途径的下游,并且负调控水稻对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的抗性。 相似文献
4.
为探究茶树中病程相关蛋白5(pathogenesis-related protein 5,PR5)在茶树中的功能,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(rapid amplification of cDNA end,RACE)技术克隆了PR5基因的全长;通过荧光定量PCR方法检测了CsPR5在龙井43茶树不同组织部位、植物激素(茉莉酸、乙烯利和水杨酸)处理、茶炭疽病菌Colletotrichum camelliae侵染和小贯小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii为害后的表达特征。结果表明,CsPR5基因开放阅读框为843 bp,编码281个氨基酸。CsPR5基因在茶树根、茎、嫩叶、花和种子5个组织中的相对表达量分别为0.187、3.093、0.928、0.045和0.012,且五者之间差异显著,主要在茎和叶中表达,其分别为根中相对表达量的16.54倍与4.96倍。水杨酸处理6 h及乙烯利处理6、12 h后,茶树CsPR5基因的相对表达量分别为1.622、2.344和1.845,分别比对照显著上调2.20倍、3.18倍和2.35倍;但是外施茉莉酸对茶树CsPR5基因的相对表达量无影响。茶炭疽病菌侵染显著诱导了茶树CsPR5基因的相对表达量,处理后的相对表达量为1.977,是对照的1.90倍;小贯小绿叶蝉取食显著抑制了其为害部位CsPR5的相对表达量,为7.273,仅为对照的38.80%,但该诱导不具系统性。 相似文献
5.
为明确富亮氨酸重复类受体蛋白激酶（leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase,LRR-RLK）编码基因OsLRR-RLK18在调控水稻对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens防御中的作用及机理,以野生型水稻品系、OsLRR-RLK18基因敲除纯合水稻品系为研究对象,测定不同水稻品系的株高和根长、不同水稻品系对褐飞虱生物学参数的影响及褐飞虱为害后不同水稻品系中防御信号分子含量和防御化合物含量。结果显示,敲除OsLRR-RLK18基因后水稻株高和根长降低,褐飞虱为害后期诱导的茉莉酸、茉莉酸-异亮氨酸和脱落酸含量显著增加,但水稻组成型（未受褐飞虱为害）和为害早期的水杨酸和过氧化氢含量降低,引起水稻多种挥发物组分释放量增加,木质素、对香豆酰腐胺及樱桃苷、刺苞菊苷和大波斯菊苷3种类黄酮含量下降,最终导致褐飞虱卵孵化率和产卵量显著降低。表明OsLRR-RLK18基因参与了水稻对褐飞虱为害的防御反应,在调控水稻对褐飞虱的抗性中发挥着一定作用。 相似文献
6.
为明确大气CO2浓度升高对寄主植物水稻以及取食水稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的影响,利用CO2光照培养箱模拟现有大气CO2浓度(400μL/L)和升高水平CO2浓度(800μL/L),测定CO2浓度升高后水稻营养成分和抗虫物质含量的变化,及取食水稻褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖力的变化。结果表明,CO2浓度升高显著影响水稻营养成分和抗虫物质含量,并对褐飞虱卵发育历期、5龄若虫发育历期、若虫总发育历期、成虫寿命、单雌产卵量和卵孵化率有显著影响。与现有大气CO2浓度处理相比,CO2浓度升高后水稻叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量分别显著提高17.01%和48.07%,而游离脂肪酸含量显著降低44.45%,水稻茎秆中可溶性糖和游离脂肪酸的含量分别显著增加35.32%和120.69%,总氨基酸含量显著减少28.97%。CO2浓度升高后水稻叶片中茉莉酸、水杨酸、总酚和类黄酮的含量分别显著增加70.... 相似文献
7.
黑尾叶蝉（Nephotettix cincticeps）是一种能传播病毒的水稻害虫,对水稻生产有着巨大的威胁。本文在黑尾叶蝉中克隆得到了一个精氨酸激酶基因（NcAK）和一个delta类型的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因（NcGST）,并对两个基因进行了序列分析和表达特性检测。结果表明,NcAK包含的开放阅读框长度为1 068 bp,编码一个含356个氨基酸的蛋白。进化研究表明该蛋白序列与玻璃翅叶蝉（Homalodisca vitripennis）的精氨酸激酶的序列亲缘关系最近。Real time结果表明NcAK在黑尾叶蝉的雄成虫中表达量高于在卵、1龄若虫、5龄若虫和雌成虫中的表达量。NcGST的开放阅读框由651个碱基组成,编码一个包含217氨基酸的蛋白,进化研究表明该蛋白与美国牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)GSTs编码蛋白亲缘关系最近。表达量检测表明NcGST在5龄若虫和雌雄成虫中的表达量要高于在卵和1龄的表达量。 相似文献
8.
外源茉莉酸诱导对油菜防御酶活性和4种物质含量及植株生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
油菜是我国重要的油料作物?近10年来油菜虫害呈重发态势, 而茉莉酸可以诱导植物产生抗虫性?本研究测定了外源茉莉酸处理对‘大黄’油菜幼苗中防御酶活性以及可溶性蛋白?可溶性糖?叶绿素?单宁含量及植株生长状况的影响?结果显示, 以100 μmol/L茉莉酸处理后, 油菜叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)?多酚氧化酶(PPO)?超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性较对照均有提高?其中对PAL影响最大, 48 h时上升为对照的2.36倍; POD和PPO活性均在12 h后达到最高, 分别比对照增加了73.46%和49.21%; 对SOD活性在处理后24 h比对照增加了14.93%; 胰蛋白酶抑制剂(TI)活性在茉莉酸处理后48 h达到最大, 比对照提高了38.37%, 之后逐渐下降, 至120 h时与对照无显著差异; 胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(CI)活性在茉莉酸诱导后一直增加, 120 h时是对照的1.78倍?可溶性糖和叶绿素含量在处理120 h均降到最低, 分别比对照降低了38.70%和17.83%?可溶性蛋白含量则先降低后升高, 在处理48 h后最低, 比对照降低47.98%?可溶性单宁在茉莉酸诱导后含量持续升高, 在120 h时上升为对照的2.03倍?油菜根长在茉莉酸处理后28 d和35 d显著长于对照; 株高和干重均与对照无显著差异?上述结果说明适当剂量的外源茉莉酸诱导可激活油菜的防御体系, 增强其抗虫性, 且不影响油菜的生长? 相似文献
9.
一个水稻褐飞虱为害诱导型启动子的克隆 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前组成型启动子在基因工程中的应用最为广泛,然而驱动外源基因在各组织中持续恒定地表达可能引起植物发育迟缓等问题。诱导型启动子能够在特定条件下实现目的基因定时优势表达,最大限度减少由于非必需蛋白在转基因植物内的积累对其造成的伤害。依据基因芯片数据并通过定量RT-PCR验证,找到了一个受水稻褐飞虱(Nilaparavata lugens)为害诱导表达基因(LOC_Os01g73940)。用PCR技术从籼稻品种‘TN1’的基因组中获得Os01g73940上游1 953bp的启动子片段,命名为BPHIP。将BPHIP连接到带有β-glucuronidase(GUS)报告基因的植物表达载体上,通过农杆菌介导转化水稻品种‘中花11’。通过GUS组织化学染色法及定量RT-PCR检测证明,BPHIP是一个受褐飞虱为害和茉莉酸处理诱导上调的启动子。利用此类启动子在基因工程中可以减少对水稻生理方面产生的副作用,对抗虫转基因水稻具有良好的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
为揭示沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica己糖激酶基因的功能，根据本课题组组装的沙葱萤叶甲转录组测序数据，应用cDNA末端快速扩增技术（rapid amplification of cDNA ends，RACE）克隆获得沙葱萤叶甲己糖激酶基因的cDNA全长序列，分析其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系，采用实时荧光定量技术（real-time quantitative polymerasechain reaction，qPCR）测定不同发育阶段和不同温度下沙葱萤叶甲己糖激酶基因的相对表达量以及对RNA干扰的响应。结果表明，沙葱萤叶甲己糖激酶基因的cDNA全长为1 699 bp，开放阅读框长为1 479 bp，编码492个氨基酸；沙葱萤叶甲己糖激酶氨基酸序列与玉米根萤叶甲Diabrotica virgifera virgifera己糖激酶氨基酸序列一致性最高，为65.42%。己糖激酶基因在沙葱萤叶甲不同发育阶段均有表达，成虫滞育期间相对表达量维持在低水平，而滞育结束后相对表达量急剧上升达最高值。在0~40℃范围内，随着温度增加，己糖激酶基因在沙葱萤叶甲成虫体内相对表达量呈先升高后下降的趋势。采用RNA干扰技术沉默沙葱萤叶甲成虫己糖激酶基因2 d后，与对照相比，己糖激酶基因相对表达量下调90%以上，4 d后仍下调40%以上；该基因干扰后12 d内，沙葱萤叶甲成虫存活率下降了25%以上。表明己糖激酶基因可能在沙葱萤叶甲生长发育和滞育过程中起着重要作用。 相似文献
11.
氟唑磺隆在野燕麦中的内吸传导特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新型除草剂氟唑磺隆是磺酰脲类小麦田除草剂,为明确其在野燕麦植株中的内吸传导特性以及为合理使用氟唑磺隆防除杂草策略的制定提供科学依据,分别采用水培法和涂药法研究了氟唑磺隆在野燕麦Avena fatua植株中的传导特性。结果显示:采用水培法以50 mg/L的氟唑磺隆处理野燕麦根部,药后24 h野燕麦根、叶鞘和下部成熟叶中氟唑磺隆含量的占比分别为22%、74%和4%,心叶中未检测出;药后48 h野燕麦根、叶鞘、下部成熟叶和心叶中氟唑磺隆含量的占比分别为23%、58%、8%和11%。采用涂药法以50 mg/L氟唑磺隆处理野燕麦成熟叶片,药后24 h野燕麦下部成熟叶和心叶中氟唑磺隆的含量占比分别为57%和43%,根和叶鞘未检测出;药后48 h野燕麦根、叶鞘、下部成熟叶和心叶中氟唑磺隆的含量占比分别为1%、1%、68%和30%。结果表明,氟唑磺隆能被野燕麦的根吸收,具有优异的自下而上的内吸传导特性;同时氟唑磺隆能被野燕麦的叶片吸收,并可在叶间传导和向根传导。表明氟唑磺隆在野燕麦中具有双向传导的能力。 相似文献
12.
13.
S. Hase S. Takahashi S. Takenaka K. Nakaho T. Arie S. Seo Y. Ohashi H. Takahashi 《Plant pathology》2008,57(5):870-876
When the biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum (PO) colonizes the rhizosphere, it suppresses bacterial wilt disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro‐Tom) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, and a homogenate of its mycelia exhibits elicitor activity, inducing an ethylene (ET)‐dependent defence response in Micro‐Tom. Since salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play an important role in plant defence responses to pathogens, the involvement of SA‐ and JA‐dependent signal transduction pathways in resistance to R. solanacearum was investigated in tomato roots treated with a mycelial homogenate of PO. Bacterial wilt disease was also suppressed in tomato cv. Moneymaker treated with the PO homogenate. However, the SA‐inducible PR‐1(P6) gene was not up‐regulated in either Micro‐Tom or Moneymaker. SA did not accumulate in homogenate‐treated roots in comparison with distilled water‐treated controls, even 24 h after inoculation. Induced resistance against R. solanacearum was not compromised in SA‐non‐accumulating NahG transgenic plants treated with the PO homogenate. On the other hand, the expression of the JA‐responsive gene for the basic PR‐6 protein was induced in both tomato cultivars treated with the PO homogenate. Furthermore, quantitative disease assays showed that the induced resistance against R. solanacearum was compromized in PO homogenate‐treated jai1‐1 mutant plants defective in JA signalling. These results indicated that the JA‐dependent signalling pathway is required for PO‐induced resistance against R. solanacearum in tomato. 相似文献
14.
Jasmonic and salicylic acid-induced resistance in sorghum against the stem borer Chilo partellus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Induced resistance was studied in three sorghum genotypes (IS2205, ICSV1 and ICSV700) against Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) infestation and jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) application. The activity of plant defensive enzymes [peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)], and the amounts of total phenols, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proteins were recorded at 6 days after infestation. The induction of enzyme activities and the amounts of secondary metabolites varied among the genotypes and treatments. The genotype IS2205 showed a stronger effect than that of ICSV1 or ICSV 700. Treatment with JA followed by insect infestation induced greater levels of enzymes and secondary metabolites. The results suggest that JA induces greater levels of resistance components in sorghum plants against insect pests. Thus, pretreatment of plants with elicitors including JA and SA could provide a greater opportunity for plant defense against herbivores. 相似文献
15.
Hironori Koga Koji Dohi Reiko Yoshimoto Masashi Mori 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):246-249
Resistance in the leaf blades of rice plants against a virulent race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae was quantitatively examined using a modified spot inoculation method. Numbers of conidia produced in the lesions were affected
by plant age and paralleled the frequency of resistance infection types, which is indicative of whole-plant-specific resistance
(WPSR), in the inoculated leaf sheaths of the corresponding plants. Exogenous abscisic acid treatment, which suppresses WPSR,
also increased the susceptibility of the leaf blades. These results indicate a correlation between the resistance of the leaf
blades and the WPSR in the leaf sheaths. 相似文献
16.
BACKGROUND: Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 is a microbial pesticide of seedborne diseases of rice. To investigate the mechanisms of disease suppression in SKT-1, the ability to induce systemic resistance by SKT-1, or its cell-free culture filtrate (CF), was tested using Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants. RESULTS: Both SKT-1 and its CF elicit an induced systemic resistance against the bacterial leaf speck pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Col-0 plants. Involvement of plant hormones in the induced resistance by SKT-1 and CF was assessed using Arabidopsis genotypes such as the jasmonic acid (JA)-resistant mutant jar1, the ethylene (ET)-resistant mutant etr1, the plant impaired in salicylic acid (SA) signalling transgenic NahG and the mutant npr1 impaired in NPR1 activity. In soil experiments using SKT-1, no significant disease suppression effect was observed in NahG transgenic plants or npr1 mutant plants. Expression levels of SA-inducible genes such as PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 increased substantially in the leaves of Col-0 plants. Expression levels of JA/ET-induced genes such as PDF1.2a, PR-3, PR-4 and AtVsp1 were also induced, but the levels were not as high as for SA-inducible genes. In a hydroponic experiment using CF from SKT-1, all Arabidopsis genotypes showed an induced systemic resistance by CF and increased expression levels of JA/ET- and SA-inducible genes in leaves of CF-treated plants. CONCLUSION: The SA signalling pathway is important in inducing systemic resistance to colonisation by SKT-1, and both SA and JA/ET signalling pathways combine in the signalling of induced resistance by CF. These results indicate that the response of A. thaliana is different from that found in root treatments with barley grain inoculum and CF from SKT-1. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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An isolate of the fungus Fusarium culmorum constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein was used to investigate the infection process and host response of primary seedling roots and stem base leaf sheaths of soft wheat cv. Genio. Disease progress was assessed macroscopically by visual symptoms, microscopically by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and via gene expression analysis of fungal and wheat genes by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. In the roots, CLSM investigations revealed an initial intercellular and subsequent intracellular colonization by fungal hyphae. The fungus invaded the rhizodermal layer and cortex but was not seen to colonize the stele. The fungus consistently expressed TRI5 (24, 48 and 96 h post‐inoculation), indicating that trichothecenes were being synthesized throughout this phase of infection and colonization. The expression of the six host defence‐associated genes (Wheatwin 1‐2, PR1, Chitinase, PAL, WIR1 and LOX) increased early in infection and decreased during later stages. In the stem base, CLSM observations revealed the fungus sequentially penetrating though the first, second and third basal leaf sheaths. Expression of TRI5 was initiated early in the infection of each leaf sheath. The expression of the host defence‐associated genes varied over time and across leaf sheaths, and all were also expressed in leaf sheaths which had not yet been in contact with the fungus. Expression of LOX and WIR1 were particularly enhanced in the third leaf sheath. 相似文献