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1.
In experiments over the period 1962–64 in southern England the effects of runner size, planting time and in-row spacing were compared with regard to the yield of one-year strawberry plants. Planting time had the greatest effect. Early planting markedly increased yield, though runner size interacted with it. In August, runner size had no effect, very small runners yielding as well as large ones but, from September planting, large runners outyielded smaller runners. Plots with spacing of six inches in the row outyielded those with spacing of twelve inches.

The experimental treatments did not have a marked effect on the yield of large berries in 1962, but in 1963, when growth was less vigorous, treatment effects were similar to those on overall yield. The yield of very early, ripe fruit was greatest from the September-planted runners. Plant spacing had no effect on time of ripening.

The difference in growth and crop between the two years was probably related to the soil and to air-temperature differences each autumn after planting.

In the second season of each trial, plant spacing was doubled, by removal of alternate plants. The original planting treatments had few significant effects on the yield from the spaced, two-year old plants. From both one-and two-year-old plants Cambridge Favourite outyielded Cambridge Rival, but the latter gave more early ripe fruit and less waste fruit.  相似文献   

2.
The crops harvested from maiden plants of Redgauntlet, Cambridge Vigour and Cambridge Favourite, rooted at intervals from April to November, have been examined in detail. Total crop decreased with later rooting dates, but average berry weight increased. This is attributed to the initiation of potentially larger receptacles on the flowers, to a higher proportion of primary flowers and to better berry development on the later-rooted plants. Usually the heavier total yield of early-rooted runners was due to the production of greater numbers of smaller berries, which adversely affected the profitability of the crop.

The actual yield of the plants examined was only one half to two-thirds of the possible yield had all the flowers initiated produced full-sized berries. The shortfall has been examined and attributed to a serious failure of some flowers to produce berries of any sort, coupled with poor berry development resulting in the formation of fruits that were only two-thirds to four-fifths of their possible size. Fields for study are indicated that offer the prospect of substantial increases in yields.  相似文献   

3.
In the Mediterranean region, cold-stored plants (summer planting system) are used as the main strawberry planting material (plant establishing period July–August). However, recently fresh plants (winter planting system) have also started being used for strawberry production (plant establishing period October–November). As the plantations originated from cold-stored or fresh plants differ in plant growth and yield, some differences in fruit quality have also been expected; therefore, the objective of the current study was to compare fruit quality of plants originated from different propagation material. Cold-stored plants were well developed before the beginning of the spring harvest, while fresh plants continued growth concomitantly with fruiting. The harvesting period of cold-stored plants lasted 4–6 weeks (second week of April–second half of May). Fresh plants produced fewer and larger fruits than cold-stored plants, but for a longer harvest period, which lasted throughout all summer. Differences in soluble solids and dry matter content between the fruits from cold-stored and fresh plants were observed in the first three sampling dates in both years of the experiment. In some sampling dates, significant differences in anthocyanin, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content, were observed between fruits of plants originated from different propagation material.  相似文献   

4.
The growth and cropping of two virus-infected strawberry varieties was compared with that of clones the virus content of which had been reduced by heat therapy.

The heat-treated clones of both Cambridge Favourite and Early Cambridge were considerably more vigorous, bearing more crowns than their untreated counterparts. In the first year after planting, both clones of each variety produced similar total yields, but the heat-treated clones produced a higher percentage of large fruit. Plants of the heat-treated clone of Cambridge Favourite flowered and ripened their fruit later than plants of the untreated clone in the second year, but gave a greater yield. However, the two clones of Early Cambridge gave similar yields, the increased potential of the heat-treated clone provided by a greater number of crowns being offset by reduced inflorescence formation.

In order to establish whether reduction of vigour would lessen the tendency of some heat-treated clones to form barren crowns, spring planting was compared with autumn planting. Spring planting, which reduced plant size and yield of both varieties in the first season but had less effect on size and none on yield in the second season, failed to check partial barrenness in the heat-treated clone of Early Cambridge.

At the end of the first growing season the heat-treated clones of both varieties showed a greater incidence of Verticillium wilt than the untreated clones but this difference was not maintained in the second year.  相似文献   

5.
Two plant types [direct planted, cold-stored dormant crowns (crowns) or dormant crowns grown in a greenhouse for 3 weeks prior to field planting (plugs)] of ‘Albion’ strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were evaluated in off-season field production under LD (long day: natural daylength supplemented with 24 h incandescent radiation) or ND (natural daylength) in New Jersey, USA. After 1 week under LD or ND plants received either 100 or 800 ppm N for 4 weeks. Inflorescence, runner, and branch crown production were monitored and fruit harvested from July through September. Field conditioning was ineffective for enhancing total yield of June-planted ‘Albion’ in off-season production. If early summer planting is anticipated, conditioning is not needed. Growing plugs in the greenhouse before transplanting to the production field is not beneficial and reduces productivity with the early summer plantings. Extending the daylength with continuous incandescent lighting to mimic LD during production is not recommended for early summer planting as productivity and fruit size are reduced under continuous low level lighting.  相似文献   

6.
Second crops of the cultivar Redgauntlet were greatly increased in size and advanced in season from September and October to July and August by two methods. In the first, plants were potted in January or early February and grown in a cool glasshouse before being planted outdoors in March. In the second method, chilling was avoided by overwintering plants in cool glasshouses and again planting them outdoors in March. The relation between winter temperatures and the subsequent growth and fruiting of the plants is discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Summary

The essential oil yields and expression of related characters were compared for seven cultivar genotypes of menthol mint Mentha arvensis using two methods of planting in the winter rabi – summer season (October to July) in a sub-tropical agroclimatic environment. The crops of all the cultivars were planted in the field by (1) sowing of suckers on 2 January and (2) transplanting germinated pieces of sucker at different times between 17 March to 14 April. Staggering of transplanting time up to 7 April did not affect oil yields and the related plant growth properties of mint crops. The oil yields of the crops planted on 14 April were lower by about 30%. In the early sucker planted crops, the oil yields were about 30% higher than those obtained from the transplanted crops of 17 March to 7 April and about double that obtained from crops transplanted on 14 April. The oil yields from the crops of the superior genotype Kosi were equal to or higher than the corresponding means of all genotypes under both planting methods. The oil yield from the crops of Kosi genotype obtained by sucker sowing method was estimated as 333 kg ha–1. The corresponding average yield from the crops of this genotype obtained by transplanting of germinated suckers between 17 March and 7 April was about 293 kg ha–1 and that from the crop transplanted on 14 April was 218 kg ha–1. With the Kosi genotype, the latter two types of transplanted mint crops gave oil yields lower only by about 12% and 33% compared with the long-duration sucker-sown crop. It is concluded that a crop of mustard (brassica), Bengalgram (chickpea) or wheat sown between October and November and harvested between early March to middle of April could be taken before cropping of the Kosi genotype of M. arvensis by plantlet transplanting. These results demonstrate the potential of the following rotation of crops in the sub-tropical environments: from June/July/August to October/November (kharif cropping season), rice, maize, sorghum or pigeonpea; from November/December to February/March, mustard and Bengalgram or from November/December to April (rabi cropping season), wheat; from March/April to June/July (zaid cropping season), transplanted menthol mint.  相似文献   

8.
Summary

The apple cultivar Queen Cox on M.9 rootstock cropped more precociously when planted as two year old trees than when planted as one year old trees, even though there were no significant differences in the sizes (leader height and branch length) of the trees at the time of planting. However, the two year old trees had larger root systems at planting. As the trees aged, those planted as one year olds grew more vigorously and bore higher cumulative yields than those planted as two year olds. Annual root pruning of the trees, commencing 15 months after planting, reduced extension shoot growth, crown volume and grubbing weights (final fresh weights of scions) severely. In some seasons root pruning increased the number of spur and terminal floral buds produced and also the final sets and yield efficiencies on the treated trees. Planting trees within semi-permeable fabric membranes also reduced extension shoot growth and tree size, but less severely than the root-pruning treatment. Root restriction increased the efficiency of fruit set and yields and also improved the grades of fruits produced. Trickle irrigation treatments increased shoot growth and tree fresh weight at the time of grubbing, but had inconsistent and small effects on fruit set and yields. Interactions between tree age at the time of planting and the root manipulative treatments were significant.  相似文献   

9.
Fresh and cold-stored plants of the everbearers ‘Rabunda’ and ‘Ostara’ were placed for 90 days, from the end of August, in glasshouses of the IVT phytotron at 14, 20 and 26°C and a daylength of 16 hours.In the fresh plants hardly any runners were formed at 14 and 20°C, but flowers were initiated, while at 26°C both runners were formed and flowers initiated. In the cold-stored plants, runners were formed first and thereafter flowers were initiated at all temperatures.It was concluded that (1) chilling induces runner formation, but can be replaced by high temperature, and (2) chilling delays flower initiation.  相似文献   

10.
Fungicide trials against strawberry fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea Fr.) were conducted in 1968, 1969 and 1970 on cv. Cambridge Favourite. Dichlofluanid was applied at 6 lb a.i./acre/year (6.72 kg/ha), tetrachloroisophthalonitrile at 7.5 lb a.i./acre/ year (8.41 kg/ha) and benomyl at 1.5 lb a.i./acre/year (1.68 kg/ha). The first spray was applied when two or three flowers per plant had opened, and one, two or three subsequent applications were made at approximately 10-day intervals. Three or four applications gave better control than two.

Application of any of the three fungicides reduced fruit rot and resulted in improved yield. Benomyl and tetrachloroisophthalonitrile caused malformation of fewer fruits than dichlofluanid.  相似文献   

11.
‘粤椹123’是从广东桑（Morus atropurpurea Roxb.）资源‘塘10’与‘航诱31’的杂交后代中通过选择优良单株定向培育而成的果桑新品种。成熟桑果紫黑色，长圆筒形，平均单果质量6.8 g，风味酸甜，出汁率78.2%，可溶性固形物含量12.1%，总酸含量5.6 g • L-1，花青素含量1.2 mg • g-1。当年春季种植第2年即可挂果，桑果持续采收期30 ~ 35 d，第3年产量27 000 kg • hm-2以上。适宜在长江流域以南地区栽培。  相似文献   

12.
王迎涛  李勇  李晓  刘国胜  韩彦肖 《园艺学报》2006,33(6):1401-1401
 ‘早冠’为‘鸭梨’和‘青云’梨的杂交后代, 7月下旬或8月上旬成熟, 果实近圆形, 淡黄色, 平均单果质量230 g, 肉质细脆, 风味酸甜, 可溶性固形物含量12.0%, 抗黑星病, 丰产, 自花结实。  相似文献   

13.
为研究不同播期对中熟秋甘蓝新品种中甘101在荆门地区收获期及产量的影响,设置5个播种期进行对比试验。结果表明:8月6日和8月13日播种的甘蓝产量最高,但生育期较长;7月16日播种的甘蓝生育期最短,但产量最低;7月23日和7月30日播种的结球甘蓝农艺性状大致相同,能够在相对较短的生育期下获得比较稳定的产量,因此认为7月23日—8月5日为秋甘蓝中甘101在荆门地区的适宜播期。  相似文献   

14.
“禾韵1号”是由美国引入的越橘中选出,属半高丛类型.果实中晚熟,在吉林地区7月下旬至8月上旬成熟,扁圆形,被白色果粉,呈蓝色,平均单果质量1.96 g,品质佳.结果枝条上呈串状结果,果穗紧密.抗病力和抗寒力强,丰产性好.适宜于吉林省土壤pH4.5～5.5、冬季绝对低温不低于-35℃(简易防寒)、无霜期110 d以上、≥10℃年有效积温2 300℃以上的地区引种试栽.  相似文献   

15.
引进扁桃的品质特性观察   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
从美国引进的3个扁桃品种,用山桃作砧木,在陕西渭北地区生长旺盛,苗木栽植第3年开始开花结果,5年生平均株产1.78～2.03kg。扁桃3月中下旬开花,果实前期发育较快,至5月中旬果径生长量占总量的80%～90%,后期增长缓慢。Nonpareil品种7月25日～8月5日成熟,Mission品种9月11日～9月15日成熟。成熟种仁饱满,外观品质较好。种仁含粗脂肪49.62%～52.49%,含粗蛋白20.9%～29.0%,含VB11.8～1.91mg/kg,VB24.08～4.62mg/kg。氨基酸及钙、镁等元素含量也较丰富,与我国新疆扁桃主产区产品营养含量相近似。  相似文献   

16.
Carnations, cultivar ‘White Sim’, were planted on 17 January, 12 March, 11 July, 12 September and 7 November, at densities of 12.9, 25.8, 51.7 and 103.3 plants m?2. For each planting-date, yields within a year from planting were asymptotically related to plant density. The mid-winter plantings gave the highest yields and the July planting the lowest.Yield patterns, derived from a weighted moving average, were affected by both the date and the density of planting. At high density, a major part of the year's yield came from the first flush, accounting for 48% of the total yield in the September planting and 75% in the March planting. At the low density, the first flush was only 26–31% of the year's yield. After the first flush, crop yields were suppressed more at higher densities, especially in the November, January and March plantings. Densities of 25.8 and 51.7 plants m?2 gave the best continuity of production per unit area, whilst the lowest density gave the best continuity of production per plant.The suppression of flower initiation was related to the amount of light; in November less than 20% of the incident light penetrated the canopy of a high-density September planting. Continuous light did not materially increase the number of shoots per plant that initiated flowers, its greatest effect being to produce earlier initiation.  相似文献   

17.
Reduction in mean wind speed from 1.6 m/s to 1.1 m/s produced a mean increase of 56% in the yield of the strawberry Cambridge Favourite over a 3-year cropping period. Variation in response from year to year was appreciable and appeared to be linked to the wind conditions in the previous growing season.

Extensive bruising of leaves in exposed plots was recorded, and this appeared to be a more likely reason for growth depression than indirect effects of exposure by altering plant temperature or soil water balance. Earliness of cropping was virtually unaffected by reduction in wind speed.

Shelter improved not only the total yield but also the regularity of yield from year to year. The exposed plots showed yield variation from 9.8 to 15.8 t/ha compared with 16.6 to 19.1 t/ha in the sheltered plots.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Strawberry production in Belgium has evolved from being a June-harvested crop grown in soil to a year-round crop grown in multiple production systems, as a result of the development of new cultivars and production techniques. Strawberry cultivation used to be one aspect of diverse family enterprises, but now strawberry farms are specialized. In the beginning, strawberries were only harvested in June. Covering the crop with plastic tunnels allowed the harvest to advance to May. Subsequently, an important innovation was the use of cold-stored plants in year-round plantings, which also allowed later production. This evolution in combination with the development of various cultivation systems using peat substrates (including table-tops, plastic greenhouses, and glasshouses) resulted in a strawberry production period from March until December–January. Recently, interest in assimilation lighting in glasshouses has increased. At first, this allowed advanced production in February, but now even winter production is possible, resulting in fresh Belgian strawberries 365 days a year.  相似文献   

19.
Summary

An experiment on Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) was performed during 1995 and 1996 in a ten year old, drip-irrigated `Clementina de Nules' mandarin orchard in Moncada, Spain. Treatments consisted of a control, where irrigation was applied without restriction during the whole year at 125% ETlys and RDI treatments where irrigation was reduced to 25% or to 50% of crop evapotranspiration measured by a weighing lysimeter (ETlys) during one of the following periods: I) flowering and fruit set (spring, 20 March to 3 July in 1995, and 1 April to 1 July in 1996); II) initial fruit enlargement phase (summer, 4 July to 7 August in 1995, and 2 to 28 July in 1996), and III) final fruit growth and maturation phases (end of summer–autumn, 8 August in 1995, and 29 July in 1996 to harvest). An additional treatment, denominated 50%–Year, was irrigated at 50% ETlys during the whole year. The effects of the treatments on yield and fruit quality in relation to tree water status (pre-dawn (ca) and midday (cmd) leaf water potential, and their time integral) show large differences in sensitivity to water stress according to phenological stage. The critical periods were the flowering and fruit set phases. The main treatment effects during each period were: In spring, a decline in ca and cmd with respect to the control of only 0.1 to 0.2 MPa reduced yield by 62% and 28%, respectively for the 25% and 50% levels, due to an increased ``June drop'' and consequent fewer fruit harvested per tree. Final fruit size and quality were similar to those of the control. In summer, RDI treatments allowed water savings between 7 and 14% without affecting yield or fruit quality, providing that a threshold value of ca–1.3 MPa is not surpassed. In autumn, for the 25% and 50% levels there was a 25 to 11% reduction of fruit size, respectively, with some external peel disorders (creasing) which reduced fruit quality, even at the lower water stress levels reached in the 50% treatment during this period (ca 20.64 MPa and 20.83 MPa in 1995 and 1996, respectively). In treatment 50%–Year, where water application was 44% of that in the control, minimum ca values were around 20.6 MPa and 20.8 MPa in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Tree growth was reduced in both seasons and average yield decreased by 17%. Yield loss was due to smaller, not fewer fruit. This treatment increased TSS and acids in the juice, without affecting the maturity index or creasing. However, in the current market situation, this irrigation strategy could be recommended only as a long-term one in cases of very high water prices.  相似文献   

20.
刘克银 《蔬菜》2020,(11):17-19
为了研究K新绿鲜食大豆在铜陵地区夏种最迟播种时期，选择6月25日、7月5日、7月15日、7月26日4个播期进行比较试验，结果表明：K新绿鲜食大豆在铜陵地区夏种最晚播种时间在7月上旬，7月5日播种的大豆生育期和植株生长均正常，结荚鼓粒较好，多粒荚率为82.6%，百粒鲜质量最大，为78.6 g，667 m2产量较高，为680.3 kg。建议夏种K新绿鲜食大豆最晚在7月上旬播种，以保证较高产量和收益。  相似文献   

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