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1.
To develop a male sterile line of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) utilizing the cytoplasm of S. virginianum, an interspecific F1 hybrid between S. virginianum and S. melongena ‘Senryo Nigou’ was continuously backcrossed to S. melongena ‘Uttara’ using ‘Uttara’ as a recurrent pollen parent and four backcross generations, BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4 were produced. All the plants in backcross generations were anther indehiscent although the F1 hybrid, S. virginianum and S. melongena were dehiscent. Pollen stainability with acetic carmine and in vitro germination ability of pollen in all the backcross progenies were quite lower than those of the parental species. Fruit set percentage, number of seeds per fruit and seed germination rate were high in all the backcross progenies. The present results indicate that anther indehiscent type of functional male sterile line of eggplant could be developed by utilizing the cytoplasm of S. virginianum. PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were performed to identify the organelle inheritance. The F1 hybrid and all the backcross progenies displayed maternal inheritance of mtDNA. The cpDNA of the examined single BC1 plant exhibited the recombinant cpDNA pattern of the parental F1 hybrid and ‘Uttara’, indicating occurrence of the biparental inheritance of cpDNA. As all the BC2, BC3 and BC4 progenies showed the same recombinant cpDNA patterns of the BC1 plant, the recombinant cpDNA might be stable and harmonize with the nuclear genome of S. melongena. The present male sterile line can contribute to expand the male sterility source of eggplant.  相似文献   

2.
以紫叶柄小菘菜和绿叶柄小菘菜为试材,配制F1、F′1、F2、BC1F1 群体,探讨小菘菜叶柄紫色性状的遗传特性。结果表明：F1、F′1 叶柄均为紫色,但紫色深浅程度不同;F2 和BC1F1 叶柄颜色的分离比例接近3∶1 和1∶1;χ2 检测结果进一步表明,小菘菜叶柄紫色对绿色为显性,受1 对主效基因控制,并且受多个微效基因和环境因素的影响。同时以复等位基因青梗普通白菜（小白菜）不育源为母本,通过杂交、回交和自交,人工选取理想株系的方法,向黑叶小菘菜导入不育基因,转育出经济性状与父本相似的紫叶柄小菘菜甲型雄性不育两用系。  相似文献   

3.
This paper presents the efficiency of recurrent selection in the segregating generations of recycled lines, obtained via mass selection, in two tomato commercial single-cross hybrids, and the assessment of advanced lines in two farming systems at two different locations. In particular, in the F3 and F4 mass selection lines of the hybrids Iron and Sahara, half-sib (HS) selection was applied by crossing within the F3 and F4 plants. Two experiments were conducted, the first for evaluating the F4 mass lines with the HS lines obtained by crossing in the F3 generation, and the second for evaluating the F5 mass lines with the HS lines obtained by crossing in the F4 generation, and the second generation HS lines, which were selected from the first experiment. F1 and F4 generations were used as controls, respectively. The HS lines of cv. Sahara overyielded 18–56% the F4 mass line, while Iron's HS lines presented greater uniformity in yield components and also outperformed qualitatively. The effectiveness of mass selection showed positive realized heritability only for fruit number of cv. Iron. In this study, where evaluation and selection was practiced in the absence of competition, the expected response in heterosis via HS depended on σ2g. The differences of σ2g of F1 from mass and HS lines were positive for both hybrids, while when the control was the F4 generation, mass lines showed a lower performance and some HS lines showed a higher performance. This means that HS lines have favorable alleles and heterosis. In this sense, Sahara's and Iron's HS lines increased 50.2 and 5.3% the charge of favorable alleles, respectively, compared to the corresponding control. The selected advanced lines were assessed in two farming systems at two different locations; the organic one, where two HS-lines, one from each hybrid, outyielded significantly the control; and the conventional one, where all lines performed equally to the control. The results assume the evidence that stable hybrids incorporate individual buffering into inbred line cultivars.  相似文献   

4.
In progenies derived from Hornet and Zeva Herbsternte, male (ff)plants with obtuse leaves were on average less susceptible to mildew than hermaphrodites.

Heritage, an unnamed seedling (2787/29), and probably also Latham, were heterozygous for a gene designated sx4 associated with normal leaves, controlling total sterility. In progenies derived from these cultivars, sterile plants were also in general less susceptible to mildew than hermaphrodites.

Green-spined, yellow or amber-fruited (tt) plants in progenies derived from Zeva Herbsternte, Heritage and 2787/29 were on average less susceptible to mildew than tinged-or dark-spined, red-fruited (T) plants.

T and Sx4 appeared to be linked in coupling in Heritage and 2787/29. It is postulated that the greater resistance of plants homozygous recessive for these genes and for f is due to linkage with resistance genes.  相似文献   

5.
 采用刺梨‘贵农6号’ (抗) ב贵农5号’ (感) 正反交获得的F1代群体, 对刺梨白粉病抗性的遗传倾向进行研究。结果表明, F1 代杂种的抗病性呈正态分布, 正反交群体病情指数的遗传传递力( Ta ) 明显高于亲中值, 广义遗传力(H2 ) 分别为61.0%和60.4%; 按病情指数的大小, F1 代群体可明显聚为高抗、中抗和感病等3类, 经X2 检测符合1∶2∶1分离比率, 推测抗病性受2对主效基因控制, 且非等位基因间存在积加效应, 还受多个修饰基因的调控作用。  相似文献   

6.
Summary

Until recently, olive breeding programmes have been based exclusively on cultivated olive germplasm (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. europaea), in contrast to breeding in other fruit crops where the use of wild relatives has been widely reported. In this study, ten agronomic traits were evaluated in two progenies derived from controlled crosses between the Spanish olive cultivar ‘Picual’ (female) and two wild (O. europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) genotypes (males). The results of this evaluation were compared with the progenies of crosses between ‘Picual’ (female) and the three cultivars, ‘Sikitita’, ‘Meski’, and ‘Zaity’ (male). The two ‘Picual’ × wild genotype progenies had the highest mean values for vigour traits (i.e., tree height and trunk diameter). Progenies from both ‘Picual’ × wild genotype crossess also showed the highest percentages of trees (53.8% and 37.5%) with a short juvenile period, compared to the progenies from crosses between ‘Picual’ and each of the three cultivars ‘Sikitita’, ‘Meski’, and ‘Zaity’ (0%, 5%, and 3.6%, respectively). Significant differences were also observed between progenies in fruit traits as well as in oil contents and fruit weights. Progenies from both crosses with wild olive showed lower values for the fruit traits evaluated than the cultivated olive progenies. However, significant improvements were achieved compared to fruit traits in the wild parents. The implications of these results for the future use of wild germplasm in olive breeding programmes are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Heat stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect growth and yield in Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom) under natural cultivation. In this study, two parental strains (L808 and Lsm9), an F1 strain, and an F2 population derived from their hybrid progeny were used to evaluate the regeneration of mycelia after heat stress. A multi-level heat stress experiment showed that the dynamics of radial mycelium expansion of the two parents followed a linear equation after heat stress treatment at 37°C for 4–24 h, 42°C for 4–16 h, or 45°C for 4 h. Three indices were selected to describe the regeneration ability of the strains, including the number of regeneration days (NRD), the real growth rate after heat stress (Vregeneration), and the regenerative index (RI). L808 presented a faster rate of regeneration, while Lsm9 had better regeneration quality. The phenotype analysis of the F2 population showed that these indices were controlled by multiple genetic factors with high heritability. Four strains were selected from the population, pyramiding the advantages of heat resistance from the two parents. The results will help our understanding of the genetic features of this mushroom after extreme high-temperature stress.  相似文献   

8.
Three DNA molecular marker systems, RAPD, ISSR and SSR, were used to test seed genetic purity of two commercial hybrid tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars ‘Hezuo 903’ and ‘Sufen No. 8’. Genomic DNA from the two F1 hybrid cultivars and their corresponding parental lines was screened with 218 RAPD decamer primers, 54 ISSR primers and 49 SSR primers. Among the 321 primers, 4 primers for ‘Hezuo 903’ and 3 for ‘Sufen No. 8’, which could produce both female and male parent-specific markers, were selected for testing the genetic purity. A total of 210 hybrid individuals of each cultivar were analyzed using the identified primers. The combined results of the marker analysis showed that eight of the 210 F1 plants in ‘Hezuo 903’ and 13 of 210 in ‘Sufen No. 8’ were false hybrids, and the overall genetic purity of the two F1 hybrid seed lots was 96.2 and 93.8%, respectively. This study showed that RAPD and SSR markers could provide a practical and efficient tool in quality control of the tomato commercial hybrid seeds.  相似文献   

9.
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10.
西瓜重组自交系群体的AFLP 分子图谱构建   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
 以可溶性固形物含量高、皮薄、感枯萎病的栽培西瓜自交系( Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus)97103 和可溶性固形物含量低、皮厚、抗病的野生西瓜种质( Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) PI296341 为亲本构建获得F2S7 的重组自交系群体, 通过AFLP 技术对该群体进行扩增, 建立了一个包括150 个标记组成的分子图谱。该图谱包括17 个连锁群, 覆盖基因组范围1240.2 cM, 两个标记间的平均图距为8.3 cM。图谱的建立对于西瓜高密度遗传图谱的构建、重要农艺性状的QTL 定位以及重要基因的图谱克隆均具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

11.
黄瓜抗霜霉病异源易位系CT201的筛选与鉴定   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
曹清河  陈劲枫  钱春桃 《园艺学报》2005,32(6):1098-1101
 将栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’ (Cucumis sativus L. , 2n = 14) 与Cucum is属双二倍体新种C. hytivus (2n = 38) 回交, 随后自交。通过霜霉病田间接种试验筛选, 从中发现抗霜霉病单株HH12825。将HH12825与C. hytivus的原始亲本‘北京截头’和野生种C. hystrix进行农艺性状对比观察, 发现此单株在叶面积、节长、果长×果径等方面介于栽培黄瓜和野生种之间, 在侧枝数、果刺颜色等方面偏向野生种。观察其花粉母细胞减数分裂过程, 发现其PMC中期Ⅰ多价体频率(56% ±8% ) 和后期Ⅰ二价体分离滞后率(72% ±5% ) 都较高, 具有染色体易位的细胞学特征。进一步利用RAPD分子标记分析, 结果在40个随机引物中找到了两个引物( E219: ACGGCGTATG和A I220: CCTGTTCCCT) 能够在HH12825中重复地扩增出原始亲本野生种C. hystrix特异DNA片断, 从分子水平上证明了其为黄瓜异源易位系, 并把此易位系命名为CT201。  相似文献   

12.
Summary

In order to understand the genetics of resistance to black rot disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) (Pammel) Dowson in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that segregate with the resistance genes, susceptible (‘Pusa Himjyoti’, female parent) and resistant (‘BR-161’, pollen parent) plants were crossed. Six generations of plants (30 P1, 30 P2,30 F1, 120 F2, 90 B1, and 90 B2) were evaluated for the presence or absence of black rot disease in a randomised block design with three replications. The pattern of segregation of resistance was tested by the χ2 test at the 5% level of significance. All F1 progeny plants were resistant, and the segregation of resistant and susceptible plants in the F2 and two backcross generations (B1 and B2) showed that a single dominant gene caused resistance to the black rot pathogen in ‘BR-161’. Three polymorphic RAPD markers (OPO-04833, OPAW-202538, and OPG-25625) were found by bulk segregant analysis, which produced unique amplicons 833 bp, 2,538 bp, and 625 bp in length, respectively. These markers were associated in coupling phase to the resistance allele. Best fit ratios of 3:1 (resistant:susceptible) in the F2 plants with the three RAPD markers, suggested that the markers were linked to the single gene controlling black rot resistance. These markers will be useful to identify more closely-linked markers and to develop black rot-resistant hybrid cauliflower varieties.  相似文献   

13.
Five tomato cultivars, ‘Pusa Ruby’, ‘Chico Grande’, ‘Sugar Gimar’, ‘Italian Red Pear’ and ‘Roma’, their F1 hybrids, back crosses and F2 progeny, were evaluated for fruit-quality and canning-behaviour.The fruits of ‘Pusa Ruby’ were many-loculed, thin fleshed, flat-to-round and soft with good flesh colour, while the others were few-loculed, thick fleshed, oval-to-pear shaped and firm, with poor flesh colour. Fruits from the F1 generations of the crosses between the two types were intermediate in a majority of the above characteristics. Cut-out tests and evaluation of canned tomatoes revealed that ‘Roma’ and the F1 and back-crosses to both parents of ‘Pusa Ruby’ × ‘Chico Grande’, and the F1 of ‘Pusa Ruby’ × ‘Italian Red Pear’ were suitable for whole-fruit canning. The F1s of ‘Pusa Ruby’ × ‘Chico Grande’, which out-yielded all others, hold promise as the best material for canning.  相似文献   

14.
A novel onion (Allium cepa L.) cytoplasm, cytotype Y, was found in a previous study. Cytotype Y contained unique stoichiometry of coxI and orf725, a candidate gene responsible for male-sterility induction in onions. A S1 segregating population was produced from a single plant selected from PI273626. Although male-fertility segregated in this population, the ratio significantly deviated from single-gene inheritance. However, genotypes of RF31446 marker perfectly linked to Ms locus-controlling fertility restoration completely matched with male-fertility phenotypes, indicating that male-fertility restoration of male-sterility conferred by cytotype Y might be determined by the Ms locus. One plant derived from the S1 population showed discrepancy between male-fertility phenotype and RF31446 genotype. Although the RF31446 genotype was homozygous recessive, reduced amount of pollen grains were observed in anthers. Many pollen grains of the unstable male-sterile plant were deformed. Analysis of 13 molecular markers flanking the Ms locus showed no crossover between the Ms locus and the RF31446 marker. Ten more unstable male-sterile plants were identified from open-pollinated progenies of the unstable male-sterile plant. Viable seeds were successfully produced from unstable male-sterile plants, indicating that pollen grains of the unstable male-sterile plants were partially viable. In addition, an umbel containing unstable male-fertile flowers was identified from one of maintainer lines, although both male and female organs might be sterile in these flowers.  相似文献   

15.
The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F2 progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F1 and F2 progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F2 population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N+ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.  相似文献   

16.
中国葡萄属野生种及其种间F1 代抗旱性鉴定初探   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  
 在盆栽干旱胁迫条件下, 测定了中国葡萄属野生种8 个种的11 个株系及野生种燕山葡萄与美洲种河岸葡萄杂交F1 代的叶片失绿黄化程度、相对含水量和原生质体细胞膜透性, 并以这3 项指标综合评价中国葡萄属野生种及其种间F1 代的抗旱性。结果表明, 中国葡萄属野生种中: 燕山葡萄燕山- 1 为高抗类型; 葡萄泰山- 1 为中抗类型; 葡萄安林- 2、山葡萄泰山- 11、秋葡萄江西- 2 和平利- 7、复叶葡萄甘肃- 91 和南郑- 2、毛葡萄渭南- 3、华东葡萄广西- 1 为低抗类型; 刺葡萄塘尾为不抗类型。燕山- 1 ×河岸葡萄杂交F1 代的抗旱性表现为连续分离现象, 个别杂种单株的抗旱性表现为超亲遗传。  相似文献   

17.
采用番茄黄化曲叶病毒（Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV）侵染克隆接种技术和实时荧光定量PCR方法,从TYLCV在番茄叶片内复制繁殖的角度,系统研究了不同环境温度下单个和多个抗性基因叠加对病毒复制的影响,以期为合理进行抗病基因整合,选育抗TYLCV的番茄新品种提供理论指导。结果显示,（1）春季温室栽培环境下,含Ty-1/ Ty-3的番茄材料能抑制病毒复制,接种后28 d其体内病毒含量仅是感病材料病毒含量的千分之一;秋季温室栽培环境下,这种抑制作用降低,病毒含量与感病材料相当。精确控温种植的含Ty-1/Ty-3的近等基因系番茄材料中病毒的含量变化趋势与此相同。（2）含Ty-2的番茄材料在春秋两季栽培环境下,均表现出对病毒复制的抑制作用,接种后28 d其体内病毒含量仅为感病材料病毒含量的万分之一。（3）同时含有2个基因（Ty-1和Ty-2）和多个基因（Ty-1、Ty-2和Ty-3）的番茄材料在抑制病毒复制方面不存在累加效应。  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Ultraviolet radiation has detrimental effects on plants and levels are expected to rise through mid-century. Photosystem II is the most vulnerable site in chlorophyll affecting productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate leaf-level interactions with UV radiation in tropical and temperate crops. The species sampled were (1) citrus, (2) banana, (3) coffee, (4) pineapple, (5) olive, (6) grape, (7) apple, and (8) tobacco. Plants of each species were placed beneath a polycarbonate structure that excluded 98% of UV radiation, but maintained ambient environmental conditions and transmitted 96% PAR (UV– treatment). Plants of each species were maintained nearby under ambient conditions (i.e., without a UV filter; UV+ treatment). The maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) was measured with and without UV radiation at the time of measurement. Photosynthesis (A) and quantum efficiency (ΦII) were measured in the same experimental system using only apple, citrus, banana, and coffee. Only banana and coffee did not fully recover their Fv/Fm potential when they had not been previously exposed to UV, indicating that these species probably had not induced background repair mechanisms. The ΔFv/Fm is small in magnitude for banana and coffee due to UV treatment but when A is measured, the treatment impact has greater magnitude and banana and coffee A do not recover and coffee ΦII continues to decline while banana ΦII appears to stabilize. Banana and coffee have the potential to benefit from cultural practices that reduce the UV irradiance to the leaf or canopy surface.  相似文献   

19.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,105(3):393-409
Transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) line was developed that over-expressed tomato MT-sHSP to study the role of MT-sHSP in imparting tolerance to high temperature to vegetative part. T0 and T1 generation lines of transgenic tomato and wild type were used for molecular and physiological characterization for thermotolerance. Plants were grown at optimum (26/20 °C) and two supra-optimum, viz. ST1 (30/22 °C) and ST2 (32/25 °C) day/night temperature cycles. Plant height, leaf area, as well as assimilation (PN), leaf cell membrane thermostability (LCMT), and night respiration were recorded. The T0 and T1 lines showed increased thermotolerance under both supra-optimum temperatures. Moreover, PN did not limit the vegetative and reproductive growth under elevated temperatures. After exposure to heat-shock, the wild type and during growth at elevated temperature the transgenic line accumulated proline in the leaf, though more in wild type. Results of the LCMT clearly showed that wild type possessed more heat acclimation potential during growth at elevated temperature than the transgenic line. Further, the expression of MT-sHSP by both the transgenic and wild type under optimum temperature and after heat-shock, respectively, showed that transformation of tomato genome for high temperature tolerance could be a reality; the transformation by itself did not affect the expression of the gene for MT-sHSP. We found that a correlation exists between thermotolerance and both T0 and T1 generations of tomato plants and also inheritance of the MT-sHSP gene in T1 progeny. It is assumed that MT-sHSP is just not expressed by plants under heat-shock, but has a unique function involved in thermotolerance. Specific role of the MT-sHSP in thermotolerance, however, need to be ascertained by in vitro studies.  相似文献   

20.
类番茄茄抗番茄黄花曲叶病毒 QTL 的定位   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
 采用田间自然接种番茄黄花曲叶病毒（TYLCV）的鉴定方法,对来自番茄野生种类番茄茄Solanum. lycopersicoides LA2951的渐渗系（Introgression Line,IL）群体进行了筛选,发现类番茄茄LA2951对TYLCV的抗性受多个位点控制。通过分析不同IL的抗性,共鉴定出7个QTL,分别位于染色体1、3、4、5、6、7和12上,其中位于染色体1上的QTL有待于进一步确定。  相似文献   

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