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J. G. M. Cutting B. N. Wolstenholme 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):569-575
The influence of cold storage, increasing fruit maturity and water loss on the ripening physiology of ‘Fuerte’ avocado was investigated. Fruit cold stored for 28 d at 5.5°C always subsequently ripened faster than non-stored fruits of a similar maturity. Non-stored fruit showed an expected decrease in ripening time with increasing maturity. In cold stored fruit the relationship between ripening time and maturity was less clear. Cold stored fruit lost less water during ripening than non-stored fruit of similar maturity, but lost water faster than non-stored fruit. Increasing maturity reduced the total amount of water lost during ripening. Cold storage increased the incidence of mesocarp discoloration which became more severe with increasing fruit maturity. Passive water infusion into fruit had no effect on the rate of fruit ripening (and water is obviously not involved as a ‘ripening trigger’) but totally inhibited the manifestation of postharvest browning disorders. 相似文献
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一个与桃成熟期QTL连锁的SSR标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以大久保桃自交后代为研究材料,对果实成熟期QTL进行了SSR标记。通过集群分离分析法（BSA）对分布于桃基因组上的165对SSR引物进行筛选,确认第4连锁群上的‘BPPCT015’标记与果实成熟期QTL有连锁关系。该标记在果实发育期 < 75 d和果实发育期 > 120 d的单株中所扩增出的带型与其表现型的符合度分别达到90%和92%,在88个不同成熟期的品种资源中的符合度分别为82%和84%。在桃育种实践中‘BPPCT015’标记可用于对成熟期的预先选择。 相似文献
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不同采收成熟度油桃贮藏效果及果肉细胞超微结构观察 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以秦光2号油桃果实为材料,在0℃贮藏条件下研究了5个采收成熟度果实的贮藏效果及果肉细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明,(1)处理Ⅳ成熟度果实贮藏40d后能保持相对较高的硬度和可溶性固形物,货架期品质好,好果率高,贮藏效果好,为最佳采收成熟度。(2)采收当天的处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ成熟度的果实,果肉细胞的超微结构无明显差异;处理Ⅳ成熟度果实,叶绿体开始变形,细胞外壁开始有少许微纤丝松懈;处理Ⅴ成熟度果实,细胞壁中胶层开始溶解,电子密度降低,出现质壁分离和液泡破损现象。(3)贮藏50d后,不同成熟度的果实,果肉细胞的超微结构都发生明显变化,显示出果肉细胞间隙增大,细胞内含物减少,出现细胞空腔化;细胞壁中胶层降解,细胞壁弯曲或皱缩,质壁分离严重;细胞器变形或降解等现象。 相似文献
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The effect of storage and the stage of maturity of hardy kiwifruits on the physicochemical quality, phenolics (TPC) and ascorbic acid content (AAC), as well as antioxidant activity (AA) were studied in this work. The phenolic compounds in hardy kiwifruits were separated and characterized by HPLC. The investigation was carried out on the two cultivars of Actinidia arguta – ‘Weiki’, ‘74-49’ and the hybrid of A. arguta and Actinidia purpurea (‘D14’). Fruit firmness rapidly decreased and the soluble solid content (SSC) increased for all cultivars during the first 14 days of storage at 1 °C. The AAC and TPC in vine ripe fruits were similar to the ones of the fruits of storage harvest maturity (8–10% SSC). AA content depended on the clone and either decreased during storage or remained almost unchanged. There was an increase in TPC after 7 days of keeping the fruits in a cold store chamber at the temperature 1 °C, but a longer period of storage caused a decrease in these compounds. AA (at harvest for storage purposes) was higher than that of vine ripe fruits and the ability to absorb free radicals slightly decreased during storage. There was a strong correlation between AAC, TPC and AA. That means that phenolics and vitamin C affect the antioxidant activity of hardy kiwifruits. 相似文献
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T. Wallace 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):130-145
SummaryThe effects of different timings of fruit thinning at the lower nodes (nodes 4 to 7) on fruit growth and abortion at higher nodes were investigated in a gynoecious, parthenocarpic cultivar of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), ‘NK x AN8’. Fruits at the lower nodes were removed 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 d after anthesis of flowers at node 8 (DAA8).Total leaf areas and growth patterns of individual fruit were then monitored. When fruits at nodes 4 to 7 were thinned 0 or 5 DAA8, all fruits at nodes 8 to 12 grew to commercial size, without fruit abortion. When fruits were thinned 10 DAA8, the fruits at nodes 8 to 12 ceased to grow after anthesis, but growth was restored a few days after fruit thinning. Fruit thinning at 15 or 20 DAA8 forced most fruits at nodes 8 to 12 to abort, while fruits at node 13 and above ceased to grow for a while, but resumed growth after fruit thinning. In all treatments, total leaf area increased with time throughout the experiment. High fruit load depressed the rate of growth of leaf area slightly, 65 to 75 d after sowing. Fruit load (fresh weight) per leaf area was about 50 mg cm–2 just before fruits at nodes 4 to7 were thinned at 20 DAA8.These results suggest that fruit abortion occurs if fruits at the lower nodes persist for a long period, and fruits at the middle nodes senesce before enlargement. Fruit thinning at the lower nodes can restore the growth of fruits in the stagnant growth phase within 10 d. 相似文献
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重庆市水果业发展迅速,1997年水果面积达22万公顷,产量达84.9万吨,产值12亿元以上,在种养殖业中居第4位.本文在分析了重庆水果生产自然条件,品种资源优势及其问题的基础上,对柑桔和伏季水果生产的布局及发展作出了预测,并建议(1)加快品种结构调整和优质水果商品基地建设;(2)加强苗木管理执法和良繁体系建设(3)促进果品加工业和采购员后商品化体系及广告促销意识;(4)增加科技投入并健全科技服务体系;(5)强化宏观控制,推进产业化进程. 相似文献
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Spondias mangifera is a unique, fleshy, drupe fruit with a mango flavor. The hardening of endocarp during development and maturation of hog plum is a major bottleneck, which reduces the edibility of the fruits by 80% and makes them unmarketable. For the first time, three distinct maturity stages were demonstrated. Distinct pattern in change in surface color, accumulation of carotene pigments and biochemical components in fruits were observed. The decrease in chlorophyll ‘a’ and chlorophyll ‘b’ correlated well with the downhill trend in Transmittance Refractory Spectroscopy (TRS) – ‘L’, ‘a’, ‘b’ values. The decrease in the total chlorophyll along with the accumulation of carotene pigment contributes significantly to the lightness of surface color and reflected in ‘L’ hue values. Confluence of carotene and total chlorophyll on the 9th week provides a distinct marker for maturity. Complete convergence of five carpells on the 9th week after fruit set, heralds the onset of maturation in Indian hog plum and which was adjudged as visual index of maturity. Hardening of endocarp begins after attainment of optimum maturity and last for 2 weeks. Pre-climacteric plunge in respiration along with coordinated changes in pigments, and accumulation of ascorbic acid, phenols, presets the optimum maturity period of 9th week after fruit set. Pre-climacteric falls in respiration with lowest output of 40.57 mg CO2/kg-h concentration on 9th week after fruit set indicates the attainment of fruit maturity. Harvesting of hog plum between 9th and 11th weeks provides the fruit with soft endocarp and complete edibility. 相似文献
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Fruit weight is strongly correlated to ovary weight in olive as big-fruited cultivars have larger ovaries and flowers at bloom. We tested the hypothesis that larger ovaries imply stronger sinks and therefore reduce fruit set, expressed as number of fruits. Flower/fruit load per centimeter of shoot was assessed every month from flowering to harvest, on sample shoots of many different olive cultivars differing in fruit size. Data were taken for two years: 2007 and 2008. Additionally, in 2008, a fruit thinning experiment was carried out by leaving a single fruit per shoot, to assess the maximum potential fruit weight achievable by each cultivar. Results indicated that fruit size was mostly genetically determined as thinned fruits of small-fruited cultivars, although bigger than control fruits, never got as big as fruits from large-fruited cultivars, confirming that large ovaries are a prerequisite for large fruits. Among all cultivars, the number of flowers per inflorescence, the number of inflorescences, and the number of flowers per centimeter of shoot were not correlated to average flower weight while total flower mass per centimeter of shoot was positively correlated to average flower weight (i.e. large flowered/fruited cultivars had greater total flower mass). However, one month after bloom and thereafter, all parameters were negatively and exponentially correlated with fruit average weight across cultivars, except fruit mass per centimeter of shoot which was generally not correlated to fruit average weight, except in one year, at harvest, when fruit mass per centimeter of shoot was positively correlated to fruit average weight. These results suggest that fruit set is a consequence of, and inversely proportional to flower/fruit size in olive. 相似文献
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J. C. Barker 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):747-753
A spring and an autumn crop of eggplant (Solanum melongena) were grown under natural light conditions in a glasshouse at different day and night humidities. A high or low humidity by day was combined with either a high or low humidity by night. Vapour pressure deficits (VPD) achieved over the period in which the treatments were applied ranged from 0.44 to 1.18 kPa by day, from 0.24 to 0.91 kPa by night, with a 24 h mean from 0.34 to 0.99 kPa. The rate of plant development was unaffected by humidity. Fruit yields were reduced by continuously low VPD compared with the other treatments. The yield reduction could be attributed to fewer fruits being picked. Mean fruit weight was higher at high humidity by day. Continuously high VPD increased calyx withering, low VPD had no detrimental quality effects but promoted the incidence of Botrytis cinerea. 相似文献
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Rafet Aslantas Ilker Angin Mustafa Gokalp Boydas Gursel Ozkan Mazhar Kara 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(2):127-134
The variability in fruit maturity and quality has difficulties in determining the optimal harvesting maturity. Therefore, maturity stage in harvest is crucial for both fruit quality and minimizing the fruit detachment force. This study investigates the fruit characteristics and detachment parameters of sour cherry (cv. ‘Kütahya’) in terms of different maturity stages. Sour cherries were grouped into five different maturity stages by observation according to their color and dimensions. The fruit mass and dimension increased as a function of maturity stage; however, the fruit mass remained almost same after the 4th stage. The highest values of total soluble solids and titrable acid contents of sour cherry were gained in the last stage of maturity. The value of chroma of fruit outer color was higher 50?% than that of fruit inner color in the 1st maturity stage. However, it was almost same in the 5th stage of maturity. Increasing fruit maturity caused a decrease in the values of fruit detachment force ranging from 4.25 to 1.78 N, giving the coefficient of determination of 0.947. Similarly, the ratio of fruit detachment force to fruit mass, detachment stress, and specific energy decreased as the fruit maturity increased. The harvest of sour cherry is done only once in the optimum time to decrease the harvest cost. Minimizing the variability in fruit maturity throughout the tree is essential for gaining the maximum profit and lower fruit detachment force in this convenient time. Results of this study indicated that 3rd?5th maturity stages were critical for harvest. In order to attain the maximum poundage per tree and color for the market the most of the fruits should be in these stages. Therefore, appropriate management strategies that could homogenize the maturity throughout the tree should be applied. 相似文献
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S.J. Wertheim 《Scientia Horticulturae》1973,1(1):85-105
Single spray applications of 100 ppm of a mixture of the gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA4 + 7) were made on fruiting spurs of the apple cultivar Cox's Orange Pippin to investigate the effect on set, June drop and growth of fruits, as well as on shoot development and flower-bud formation on the bourses. Applications were made from 1 to 50 days after full bloom following partial hand-pollination of flowers, i.e. two stigmas per flower pollinated. In another experiment applications were made from 1 to 20 days after full bloom following complete (five stigmas per flower) or partial (two stigmas per flower) hand-pollination, after open pollination, or on emasculated flowers.GA4 + 7 only temporarily increased fruit set after open pollination or after effemination of flowers, and then only after application 1 day after full bloom. GA4 + 7 did not affect the very high fruit set after complete or partial hand-pollination. Both latter pollination treatments induced an equally high fruit set.GA4 + 7 reduced June drop significantly whenever fruits were left after first drop, except after early applications following open pollination. GA4 + 7 was effective in June-drop reduction up to 40 days after full bloom, i.e. until the onset of the June drop.Fruit size was not clearly affected by GA4 + 7. The smaller fruits obtained in some cases after GA treatment could be explained by assuming that maturity was reached by fruits that would have abscised without an exogenous GA4 + 7 supply. GA4 + 7 also increased seed abortion. Fruit length was increased by GA4 + 7 only for applications made up to 20 days after full bloom.GA4 + 7 stimulated bourse-shoot development to some extent. Flower-bud formation on the bourses was not clearly affected by GA4 + 7, but was markedly influenced by the presence of fruits.That GA4 + 7 reduced June drop so much in spite of a slight promotive effect on bourse-shoot growth and a slight abortive action on seeds suggests that these gibberellins may be specific stimuli for apple-fruit growth after actual fruit set is achieved. 相似文献
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Kamel Msaada Karim Hosni Mouna Ben Taarit Mohamed Hammami Brahim Marzouk 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,120(4):525-531
Changes on oil yield and fatty acid profiles were studied during maturation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits cultivated in Menzel Temime and Oued Beja, Tunisia. Oil and petroselinic acid biosynthesis proceeded at a steady rate up to 16 DAF in Oued Beja and in 33 DAF in Menzel Temime. The first results show that a rapid oil accumulation started at newly formed fruits and continued until their full maturity. During fruit maturation, fatty acid profiles varied significantly among the growing regions and stages of maturity. Petroselinic acid had the highest amount at the 16th and the 33th DAF, in Oued Beja and Menzel Temime, respectively. In Oued Beja, at full maturity, the main fatty acids were petroselinic acid (80.90 ± 9.45%), followed by oleic (14.79 ± 2.25%), palmitic (3.50 ± 0.65%) and stearic (0.49 ± 0.09%) acids. Fatty acid profile of fruits cultivated in Menzel Temime showed that in fully ripe fruit, petroselinic acid is the main compound (80.86 ± 7.23%) followed by oleic (14.83 ± 2.05%), palmitic (3.27 ± 3.12%) and stearic (0.31 ± 0.05%) acids. In both growing region, fruit development resulted mainly in an increase of petroselinic acid and a decrease of palmitic acid. Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly and monounsaturated fatty acids increased during maturation of fruit. Oil composition at the first four stages of maturity has a healthy and nutritionally value and the last stages were with important economic and industrial applications. Coriander fruit is potentially an important source of petroselinic which have numerous industrial applications. 相似文献
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G.F. Sheard 《Scientia Horticulturae》1976,5(2):191-197
Fruit color, including the distribution of various color shades in fruits of the same cultivar, and the anthocyanin and chlorophyll levels in the fruit peel of different eggplant cultivars were examined. Considerable differences in pigment level were recorded both for different cultivars and for the various color shades of fruits from the same cultivar. The importance of detemining the anthocyanin level when evaluating and comparing cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
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Y. Shulman L. Fainberstein S. Lavee 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):265-274
The development of pomegranate fruit was studied under continental (Bet Shean Valley) and moderate maritime (coastal plain) climatic conditions. Fertile flowers were vase-shaped and developed into fruits. Bell-shaped flowers with few egg cells were sterile and did not produce fruits. Gibberellic acid induced the sterile flowers to develop into small fruits; however, these were devoid of juicy seeds. The growth curve of pomegranate fruits from both climatic regions showed a single sigmoid pattern. The seeds accounted for about half of the fruit weight. The edible juicy tissue of the seeds grew continuously from June to October whereas the internal stone tissue stopped growing and hardened by the end of June. Juice, total soluble solids (TSS) and anthocyanin content increased continuously during maturation while acidity decreased. Fruit of cv Mule’s Head ripens early and has a low acid content, whereas fruit of the late-ripening cv Wonderful has high juice contents, TSS, acids and anthocyanins, and is therefore suitable for processing. In the hot Bet Shean Valley fruits matured more rapidly than in the coastal plain, but acidity and anthocyanin contents were lower. C02 evolution from the fruits was low and no climacteric peak or measurable ethylene were detected during fruit maturation, thus suggesting that the pomegranate is a non-climacteric fruit. 相似文献