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1.
The effects of the addition of gibberellic acid (GA) to auxin solutions for tomato fruit setting on sugar content and titratable acidity at maturity were investigated in ‘Louis 60’ tomatoes, and sucrolytic enzyme activities and cell development during the early stages of fruit development were examined to explain the physiological mechanisms. Days to maturity and titratable acidity were not affected by GA addition. The sugar concentration of the pericarp was increased by 50 mg L−1 of GA addition in the summer and the spring, but not in the autumn experiment. The product of sugar concentration and fruit weight, which is thought to reflect the amount of sugar per fruit, was higher in GA-treated fruit in every experiment. Beginning 1 day after treatment, cell size was larger in GA-treated fruit and resulted in an increase in pericarp thickness at maturity. These results suggest that GA addition at anthesis can promote an increased sink size of individual pericarp cells immediately after treatment. The activities of VAI and neutral invertase (NI) were higher in GA-treated fruit around 5 days after treatment, and the possibility of VAI and/or NI involvement in sink activity at an early stage of fruit development is suggested. 相似文献
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酿酒葡萄成熟特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
葡萄浆果成熟过程中,存在着多方面的变化。只有含糖量、含酸量的变化最有规律,最能代表葡萄品种的成熟特性。含糖量的变化与logistic曲线、含酸量的变化与对数曲线拟合性最好。不同品种成熟特性的差异,主要表现为含糖量上升速率与含酸量下降速率的不同。气象因素能明显影响葡萄的成熟特性,最终造成同一品种在不同地区成熟度的差异。 相似文献
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龙眼果皮发育解剖学观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以储良龙眼品种为试材,观察了果皮的解剖结构发育特点。果皮发育早期(花后10d前),细胞体积小,排列紧密,细胞分裂活跃,外果皮有凸起的皱褶结构,有大量的表皮毛分化。果皮发育中期(花后10～52d),细胞体积变大,表皮毛开始脱落,外果皮逐渐平滑,中果皮处有石细胞群和海绵状组织的分化。果实发育后期(花后52d后,假种皮快速膨大阶段),有木栓形成层出现,形成周皮代替表皮起保护作用,随着果实生长,木栓层出现局部破裂。龙眼果皮可划分为外、中、内3层。中外果皮在发生次生木栓化前,由外表皮细胞及其附属物和角质层组成;在形成木栓形成层产生次生结构后,外果皮则由周皮组成。内果皮来源于子房内壁的几层细胞,由一层内表皮细胞和与之紧密相连的几层薄壁细胞组成。中果皮根据其组织特点可进一步分为上中果皮和下中果皮,上中果皮包括石细胞群、外层维管束和外果皮之内的薄壁细胞;下中果皮则主要包括海绵组织和其中的维管束。 相似文献
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巨峰葡萄主梢和副梢坐果与内源激素的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
巨峰葡萄副梢坐果率、有种子果粒率、果粒的平均种子数明显高于主梢。在小花发育过程中主梢的小花重、小花纵径、横径明显重于或大于副梢。主梢花的子房壁明显厚于副梢，子房壁的细胞层数也多于副梢，但子房壁的细胞大小两者之间没有差异。另外胚珠、珠心大小也没有差异。主梢小花中的IAA与细胞分裂素水平较高，ABA水平较低，副梢小花中的GA水平较高。开花前2～3周用高浓度的NAA与CPPU处理副梢小花则加重落花落果。由此可见，开花前小花中较高水平的IAA与细胞分裂素很可能是加快小花发育和引起落花落果的原因。 相似文献
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Developmental problems in over-winter off-season longan fruit. II: Development of pericarp structure
Wei-Hai Yang Si-Cong Deng Xiao-Chuan Zhu Hui-Cong Wang Hong Wu Xu-Ming Huang 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
Fruit development was investigated in field and changes in pericarp structure were comparatively studied in over-winter off-season and on-season longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Chuliang). The results showed developmental problems including small fruit size, severe fruit cracking and heavy fruit drop in the off-season fruit, although their seed size was not significantly affected compared to the on-season fruit. Anatomical studies showed that off-season longan fruit had a poorly developed pericarp, which was reflected by smaller fresh weight as well as thinner pericarp thickness, thinner spongy tissue, fewer cell layers in the periderm, smaller cell size and fewer cell numbers in the parenchyma tissue at the upper mesocarp, and fewer cell layers in the endocarp. In contrast, the recovery of the sclereids in the mesocarp was higher in the pericarp of the off-season fruit. The poor development of the pericarp in off-season fruit probably caused the small fruit size and severe fruit cracking. It was suggested that the adverse climatic conditions encountered by fruit development in the over-winter off-season longan suppressed cell division and expansion in the pericarp but did not affect sclereid formation. 相似文献
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Yield-component partitioning of the individual cranberry upright (fruiting shoot) was undertaken using a model which included upright length, number of leaves, flowers, berries and seeds, and fruit weight. Repeat cropping of the upright during the following year was also modelled and tested. Fruit set was a major component of yield, but its action was sometimes indirect. Less important components were the number of seeds per berry, berry enlargement per seed, and upright length. Measures of antagonism of “fruiting” to floral initiation were obtained which partially explain the biennial bearing habit of uprights. 相似文献
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葡萄果实始熟机理的研究——缓慢生长期外施激素和环剥的效应 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
在巨峰葡萄果实缓慢生长期对果实外施激素和对枝条环剥处理，结果表明，外源ＡＢＡ单独处理、果穗下方环剥与外源ＩＡＡ或ＡＢＡ联合处理均使始熟期提前到来；外源ＩＡＡ（３００ｍｇ／Ｌ）处理并没有推迟果实的始熟期，而外源ＧＡ３处理则使始熟延迟。分析各种处理果实的内源激素变化后认为，虽然果肉ＡＢＡ浓度的升高并不总与始熟期相一致，但ＡＢＡ做为始熟启动信息几乎是可以肯定的。ＩＡＡ浓度在始熟期毫无例外地下降到低谷，说明ＩＡＡ数量的减少也是始熟的必要条件之一。ＧＡ３处理在延迟始熟的同时减缓了ＩＡＡ的下降而并未影响ＡＢＡ的变化。果穗上下方环剥试验表明果实中启动成熟的ＡＢＡ可以不来源于叶片。讨论了果实中内外源激素的相互关系及其对始熟启动的调控机制 相似文献
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CPPU对葡萄果实生长发育促进效应的解剖学观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对CPPU处理的全球红葡萄果实进行组织形态动态生长研究,结果表明:CPPU处理能促进早期子房膨大生长,子房壁的加厚生长和输导组织的生长.经CPPU处理比对照能提早使幼果进入迅速细胞分裂期,细胞层数增多.10 mg/L的CPPU处理不仅显著增加细胞层数,而且增大了细胞体积,刺激果实膨大的效果较好;15 mg/L的CPPU处理则抑制果实的细胞分裂和体积增大,其主要差异存在于中果皮,在外果皮上差异不明显.在幼果生长期,CPPU处理的细胞体积膨大幅度小于对照;在果实生长中、后期,其膨大幅度则大于对照. 相似文献
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Effect of water deficit on Merlot grape tannins and anthocyanins across four seasons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Barbara Bucchetti Mark A. Matthews Luigi Falginella Enrico Peterlunger Simone D. Castellarin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Tannins and anthocyanins impart important sensory attributes and potential health benefits in wine. The effect of water deficits (WDs) on fruit growth, anthocyanins, and skin tannins was investigated in field grown Vitis vinifera L. ‘Merlot’ berries across four seasons (2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008) by imposing deficits from the onset of ripening until maturity. WD reduced berry weight and increased the concentration of anthocyanins all four seasons, and increased the concentration of tannins three of four seasons. Under WD, anthocyanin concentration at harvest (mg/g of berry fresh weight) was 53.0–61.6% greater than in Controls (C), and anthocyanin content (mg/berry) was 28.7–35.3% greater than in C. By contrast, WD increased tannin concentration (mg/g of berry fresh weight) at harvest by 12.6–36.9% compared to C in 2004, 2005, and 2008, and did not influence the concentration in 2007. Tannin content (mg/berry) at harvest was unaffected except in 2004 when it was 25.7% greater than in C. Thus, water deficits consistently increased anthocyanin concentration by increasing content per berry and reducing fruit growth, but increased tannin concentration less and only by reducing fruit growth, except in one year where the tannin content was increased. These results demonstrate that management of vine water deficit during ripening is a much more effective tool to increase anthocyanins than tannins in Merlot grapes. 相似文献
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葡萄种间杂交浆果颜色的遗传表现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从山葡萄(Vitis amurensis Rupr)、桑叶葡萄(Vitis vificifolia Burge)即董氏葡萄(Vitis Thunbergii Sieb et Zuce)等野生种与栽培品种杂交第一代、第二代的57个组合,1988株浆果颜色的遗传表现表明:它们的杂交一代均呈黑色,很少分离。第二代分离显著。以杂交一代黑色株系与绿果的米勒·图高重交,它们的绿果后代均达50％;与紫果玫瑰香回交,多分离出约20％的绿果植株。桑叶葡萄组合杂交一代与巴立斯坦、白根地、伊丽莎白等绿果品种重交,有40％—50％的绿果后代。贝特组合二代的绿果株系与绿果品种杂交,后代全为绿果植株。不同种组合之间的复合杂交,后代分离显著。 相似文献
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The cell wall content of the berries of grape cultivars ‘Barbera’ and ‘Freisa’ was examined and analyzed during their growth and ripening from July to October.The build-up of cell wall material was much faster in ‘Barbera’ than in ‘Freisa’, and ended 2 weeks before completion of commercial maturity, while in ‘Freisa’ it progressed at a lower rate, but continued up to picking-time. The two most important groups of cell wall polysaccharides were insoluble pectins and hemicellulose. Their behaviour appeared to be always complementary.Cell number per berry apparently decreased steadily in both cultivars, more rapidly in ‘Freisa’ than in ‘Barbera’. The reason for this is not certain, but appears to be due either to cell fusion or to cell squeezing. The average number of cells per berry in both cultivars was of the same order of magnitude, and in agreement with the findings of other authors. 相似文献
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油菜素内酯和脱落酸调控葡萄果实花色苷合成的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】为研究2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,EBR)和脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)处理对葡萄花色苷合成与可溶性固形物含量、果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和类黄酮糖基转移酶(UFGT)活性以及果实内源ABA含量的影响,探索油菜素内酯调控葡萄果实成熟及花色苷合成的机理。【方法】以酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’(Cabernet Sauvignon)和‘烟73’(Yan 73)为试材,在葡萄转色前分别用0.1、0.4、0.8 mg.L-1EBR,1mg.L-1Brz(brassinazole,BR生物合成抑制剂)和200 mg.L-1ABA,均匀喷施于葡萄果实,在葡萄成熟过程中测定葡萄果皮花色苷含量及PAL和UFGT酶活性,同时测定果实ABA和可溶性固形物含量。【结果】在果实着色初期,‘赤霞珠’和‘烟73’葡萄果皮PAL和UFGT活性及果实内源ABA含量均逐渐升高,当果实接近成熟花色苷含量基本稳定时ABA含量开始降低。与对照相比,0.4mg.L-1EBR和200 mg.L-1ABA处理显著增加了果实内源ABA含量,提高了果皮PAL和UFGT活性,促进了果皮花色苷的合成和果实可溶性固形物的积累。0.1 mg.L-1和0.8 mg.L-1EBR处理总体增加了果实内源ABA含量,促进了花色苷的合成和可溶性固形物的积累,并提高了UFGT和PAL酶活性,但比0.4 mg.L-1EBR处理提高的幅度小,且差异显著。1 mg.L-1Brz处理使果实ABA的合成推迟,果实可溶性固形物含量、果皮PAL和UFGT活性以及花色苷含量均低于对照,但差异不显著。【结论】外源EBR和ABA处理促进了葡萄成熟和花色苷合成,在不同浓度EBR处理中,以0.4 mg.L-1处理效果较好;内源ABA可能参与了EBR对葡萄成熟和花色苷合成的调控。 相似文献
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以酿酒葡萄"赤霞珠"和"烟73"为试材,研究了脱落酸(ABA)、2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)和BR生物合成抑制剂油菜素唑(Brz)处理对葡萄果实乙烯生成量、内源生长素(IAA)和赤酶素(GA3)含量的影响。结果表明:外源ABA和EBR处理促进了果实乙烯的释放,同时促进了果实着色,ABA和EBR处理后果实内源IAA和GA3含量略低于对照,但总体无显著差异。在不同浓度EBR处理中,以0.4mg/LEBR处理效果最显著。Brz处理抑制了乙烯的释放,推迟了果实着色,但对果实内源IAA和GA3含量没有显著影响。 相似文献
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Tobias Becker Ruth Walter Andreas Kortekamp Eckhard Grimm Moritz Knoche 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2011,53(3):85-92
Rain-cracking of post-veraison grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) reduces yield and quality of must and wine. Under vineyard conditions, cracking is often associated with bunch rots. The objective of the present study was to identify the role of Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr. as the dominant bunch rot fungus in cracking of Riesling berries. For these experiments grape berries with characteristic symptoms of Botrytis infections were selected in the vineyard. Berries infected by Botrytis always cracked in those regions of the berry where symptoms of the infections (brownish purple colour of the fruit skin) were present. In 55 % of these berries, cracks were orientated perpendicularly to the pedicel/stylar scar axis. Microscopic cracks referred to as microcracks were often present in the stylar scar region and occasionally in the vicinity of lenticels. These cracks allowed penetration of the fluorescent tracer acridine orange. The area infiltrated by the dye was positively related to crack length (r2?=#x003D;?0.43*). Water uptake of detached berries increased with time. Rates of uptake were highly variable and higher for infected berries as compared to berries without infections. Rates of water uptake into infected berries were positively related to cumulative crack length (number of cracks multiplied with average crack length) per berry (r2?=#x003D;?0.45*). Exposing the outer surface of the strained grape berry exocarp to water increased the frequency of microcracks. The increase was larger in infected berries than in those without symptoms. Our data demonstrate that Botrytis infections increase the cracking susceptibility of Riesling grape berries by weakening the grape berry exocarp, increasing crack length per berry which in turn resulted in increased water uptake. 相似文献
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氨基乙氧基乙烯甘氨酸( AVG) 处理对‘巨峰’葡萄胚珠和种子发育的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
‘巨峰’葡萄开花前2 周用氨基乙氧基乙烯甘氨酸( 2-aminoethxyvinlglycine, AVG)100 mg!L-1处理可以明显增加有核果粒率和种子数。人工授粉24 h 后, 子房中的花粉管伸长快于对照, 花粉管生长状况也优于对照。这是由于AVG 处理降低了雌蕊中阻碍花粉管伸长物质的活性, 同时可以改善胚囊发育, 提高正常胚囊率和增加子房中的胚珠数和心皮数, 这可能为促进受精和增加受精机会创造了条件。 相似文献
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外源赤霉素和多效唑对山药块茎膨大和零余子形成的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以山药大薯品种‘桂淮5号’和小薯品种‘桂淮16’为材料,研究了外源赤霉素（GA3）和多效唑（PP333）对块茎膨大和零余子形成的影响。结果表明,200 mg • L-1 GA3显著增加山药块茎产量,而200 mg • L-1 PP333显著降低山药块茎产量。山药块茎生长发育进程可划分为3个时期：块茎形成期、膨大期和成熟期。与对照相比,在块茎膨大期,外源GA3显著降低‘桂淮5号’和‘桂淮16’单株块茎总质量,且显著降低定植后150 d单个块茎质量;在块茎成熟期,外源GA3显著增加单株块茎数量和单株块茎总质量。同时,GA3显著增加零余子的长度和单个零余子质量,却显著降低单株零余子产量。与GA3相比,在块茎膨大期,外源PP333显著降低单株块茎总质量和单个块茎质量,而显著增加零余子的宽度和单株零余子产量;在块茎成熟期,PP333显著减少山药单株块茎数和单株块茎总质量。 相似文献