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为研究棉花主要生育时期的土壤含水量时空变异及其可视化方法，使用Voxler软件进行三维可视化绘图，分析了花铃期（7月10－19日）棉花单作、棉花/二月兰、棉花/苕子3种模式下土壤含水量时空分布特征。结果表明，利用Voxler软件对数据处理分析进行三维可视化表达，可更加直观准确地掌握整个棉田土壤含水量的时空分布及其变化；该时段3种种植模式的土壤含水量以棉花/苕子最高，棉花/二月兰次之，单作棉花最低，且均为底层高于表层。 相似文献
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研究槟榔林下间作香露兜对土壤微生物群落丰度及多样性的影响,不仅为维护热区农田土壤健康提供理论依据,还为优化槟榔林下间作香露兜模式提供数据支撑。本研究采用大田试验的方法,选择万宁、琼海和陵水3个地区建立试验样地,每个试验样地分别设置槟榔单作、香露兜单作和槟榔间作香露兜3种种植模式,测定土壤理化性质、养分含量、土壤微生物丰度与多样性等指标,以槟榔和香露兜单作为对照,探究槟榔间作香露兜模式对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。槟榔间作香露兜模式下真菌丰度显著提高,但多样性没有变化,而间作模式下土壤细菌丰度显著低于香露兜单作和槟榔单作;不同地区试验样地的真菌丰度与多样性不存在差异,但细菌丰度与多样性差异显著;土壤细菌丰度和多样性指数与土壤pH、速效钾、土壤容重以及有机质含量之间存在显著正相关关系,与土壤含水量之间呈显著负相关关系。本研究中,槟榔间作香露兜模式通过降低土壤有机质和速效钾等养分含量,抑制土壤细菌群落丰度与多样性。在不同地区或种植模式下,维持较高的土壤养分水平有助于保持土壤微生物群落结构相对稳定以及维护土壤健康。 相似文献
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为了研究棉花、马铃薯间作模式对产值和2种作物品质的影响,设计了棉花与马铃薯的2个间作模式进行比较分析。结果表明：单位面积上4行棉花-2行马铃薯的处理产值最高,其次为2行棉花-2行马铃薯,单作马铃薯产值最低;2行棉花-2行马铃薯处理棉花的单株果枝数、单株铃数、铃重、籽指、衣分、霜前花率最高,且纤维品质最好;单作马铃薯块茎的外观整齐度最好,且商品属性最高;马铃薯的干物质含量、氨基酸总含量、蛋白质含量亦是单作处理最高。综合来看,4行棉花-2行马铃薯、2行棉花-2行马铃薯的间作模式可以提高群体经济效益,并能提高棉花的纤维品质,可以在干旱、半干旱地区推广应用。 相似文献
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新疆棉花//花生间作碳足迹研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
明确棉花//花生间作的主要碳排放环节,可为实现棉花//花生间作高产与低碳排放的协同效益提供有效参考措施.本文构建了碳足迹模型,按照全生命周期方法,核算了新疆棉花//花生间作生命周期碳排放.结果 表明:棉花//花生间作的净收益约为棉花单作的1.4倍、花生单作的1.2倍;棉花//花生间作的单位面积碳排放达4878.4 kg CO2-eq/hm2,较棉花单作降低10.9%、花生单作降低4.1%,但单位净产值的碳排放为0.4 kgCO2-eq/元,较棉花单作降低66.6%、花生单作降低29.6%.综合2种种植体系的净收益和单位净产值碳排放发现,棉花//花生间作可以实现高产出与低碳排放的协同效益,符合绿色、高产、高效农业发展需求. 相似文献
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为有效解决传统棉作模式存在的作物间茬口不顺、环节间衔接不畅、产业间技术协同不强等问题,探索适合鲁西南短季棉的栽培模式,以大豆品种齐黄34和棉花品种鲁棉2387为供试材料,设计单作棉花、单作大豆和棉豆间作(二四式、四四式、四六式)5个处理,研究了棉豆间作模式对大豆和棉花生育进程、农艺性状、产量及经济效益等的影响。结果表明：二四式棉豆间作的棉花吐絮早2～5 d,吐絮畅,而且铃大,衣分高,单株结铃增多1.0～2.5个,烂铃较少,2行均为边行,通风透光较好,边行优势明显;二四式棉豆间作的每666.7 m2经济效益最高(625.6元),分别比四四式棉豆间作、四六式棉豆间作、单作大豆、单作棉花高81.3元、106.0元、294.2元、245.1元。综上,二四式棉豆间作模式的复合群体空间分布合理,较为适于鲁西南地区。 相似文献
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胡椒园间作槟榔对胡椒产量及养分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
胡椒园间作槟榔是海南胡椒间作体系中应用较广的一种模式,为探明其间作优势来源,以海南胡椒优势种植区4个试验点的胡椒单作与胡椒/槟榔模式为研究对象,调查了2009~2011年各点胡椒产量与养分投入状况,测定2011年土壤养分与胡椒植株叶片养分含量,从而对比了间作模式与胡椒单作模式下胡椒产量、土壤养分状况、肥料产量贡献率和胡椒叶片养分含量的差异。结果表明：在各试验点不同产量水平下,同一地点间作模式的胡椒产量均极显著高于单作。间作模式土壤氮、磷、钾全量含量略低于单作,但未达到显著水平;间作模式土壤速效磷和速效钾含量高于单作,且速效磷差异达到显著水平。在养分投入相同的条件下,间作模式氮、磷、钾肥料偏生产力均极显著高于单作。间作模式下胡椒叶片磷、钾养分含量周年大于单作。上述结果表明胡椒/槟榔间作提高了土壤中速效养分的含量,促进了胡椒对磷、钾等养分的吸收,从而提高了其肥料利用效率,并最终提高胡椒产量。胡椒/槟榔的间作优势可能与二者地下部互作有关。 相似文献
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盐碱地花生‖棉花间作系统群体配置对产量和效益的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《花生学报》2017,(4)
棉花花生间作能充分利用边行优势和提高光热资源利用率,具有显著的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。以花育25号和鲁棉研37号为试材,在0.25%和0.35%土壤含盐量条件下,研究不同花生棉花间作系统群体配置对产量和效益的影响。结果表明,2种土壤含盐量条件下,棉花行数相同时,随着花生株行配比增大,棉花、花生单位面积产量逐渐增加;花生行数相同时,随着棉花株行配比增大,棉花、花生单位面积产量逐渐降低。相同株行配比时,0.35%土壤含盐量棉花、花生单位面积产量较0.25%含盐量均降低。2种土壤含盐量条件下,当棉花‖花生不同株行配置为4:6时,2种作物幅宽相等,单位面积花生产量较单作降幅较小,分别为5.9%和11.4%,单位面积棉花产量较单作增幅较大,分别为23.2%和16.8%;花生产量较高,分别为3565.5kg/hm~2和2926.58kg/hm~2,棉花产量较低,分别为1966.5kg/hm~2和1788.0kg/hm~2,2种作物总产量较高,单位效益亦较高。棉花‖花生4:6等幅间作种植,年际间交替轮作,可作为棉花、花生复合种植技术的最佳株行配置。 相似文献
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Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
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Quynh-Hoa Pham Xuan-An Tran Thi-Nha-Trang Nguyen Thi-Thuy-Anh Tran Hai-Yen Hoang Thi-Hong-Van Nguyen Thi-Hanh Tang Thi-Phuc Do 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):334
Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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Russell Pressey 《American Journal of Potato Research》1969,46(8):291-297
Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage. 相似文献
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马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。 相似文献
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Soomro MT Zahir E Mohiuddin S Khan AN Naqvi II 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(2):285-289
In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water. 相似文献
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1 前 言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2 材料与方法2 1 材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2 方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1… 相似文献
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利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。 相似文献