共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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类黄酮物质是苯丙素途径次级代谢产物,可直接影响生长素载体分布、活性以及含量来调节生长素极性运输,或间接影响蛋白激酶/磷酸酶拮抗作用、相关蛋白活动、细胞膜流动性、ROS含量、细胞环境等调控生长素运输与分布,类黄酮物质亚组黄酮醇为生长素内源调节剂主要活性物质。此外,黄酮醇糖基化形式可调控生长素代谢,生长素能影响转录因子、ROS含量、细胞分裂素等反馈调节类黄酮物质合成。因此,类黄酮物质不仅能够调控生长素运输、代谢,还能整合生长素与其它激素、ROS、转录调控等信号途径。本综述总结类黄酮物质对生长素的作用,扩充类黄酮物质在植物体内的生物作用,为类黄酮物质参与植物生长发育与响应环境胁迫等过程的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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乙烯在幼苗根生长发育中调控作用的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
幼苗建成是植物生长的关键时期之一,主要受环境因子和激素影响,大量研究表明乙烯作为重要的信号分子参与并调控根的生长发育。近年来,有关乙烯对植物生长发育的调控机理研究一直深受关注。本研究归纳了几十年来有关乙烯生物合成途径与产生途径方面的研究成果,并以此为中心阐述了乙烯在幼苗根生长发育中产生的生理效应,如主根伸长生长、侧根和不定根形成,幼苗的抗逆性和适应性,通气组织形成等;更进一步分析了根生长发育过程中乙烯的信号作用、乙烯与其他信号分子的相互作用,及其对相关基因表达的调控。综上研究基础,本研究提出了乙烯在生产实践、生理作用及分子调控机理方面的研究问题,以更有益于人们合理应用乙烯调控技术。 相似文献
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高等植物花色苷生物合成调控的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
高等植物花色苷的合成是一个复杂的过程,受多种因素的影响。本研究系统地从物理因子、化学因子、生物因子等外部因素,及生长发育阶段、植物生长物质等内部因素两方面综述了调控高等植物花色苷生物合成的因素及其机理的研究进展,并分析了各种外、内部作用因子的综合性包括作用的协调性与机理的一致性。最后,提出了高等植物花色苷生物合成调控研究中存在的一些问题,并探讨了利用各种因子人工调控花色苷合成以提高果实营养价值、花卉观赏价值及植物抗逆性。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(15):5164-5171
植物通过内源激素或环境信号调控根系的生长发育,进而影响根系的形态特征。独脚金内酯(strigolactones, SLs)及其衍生物作为一类新型植物激素,在刺激寄生植物种子萌发、促进丛枝菌根真菌菌丝分枝和养分吸收、介导植物对病原菌及营养匮乏等逆境胁迫的抗性反应、调控植物分枝结构等方面发挥着重要作用。此外,研究表明,独脚金内酯还参与调控植物主根生长、侧根的形成、不定根和根毛的发生和伸长等根系生长发育过程。本综述总结了独脚金内酯的结构和生物学功能、生物合成和信号转导途径,及其在调控植物根系生长发育的研究进展,并探讨了其研究方向和应用前景,旨在为独脚金内酯的深入研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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植物类胡萝卜素生物合成及其调控与遗传操作 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
类胡萝卜素是生物体内通过类异戊二烯途径合成的、自然界广泛存在的一大类天然色素物质的总称。近年来,类胡萝卜素生物合成基因的分离和功能鉴定与有关类胡萝卜素生物合成调控机制研究的新进展,使通过遗传操作调控植物体内类胡萝卜素生物合成途径成为可能。本文主要综述了近年来类胡萝卜素生物合成及其调控研究的进展,并介绍了应用转基因技术改变植物体内类胡萝卜素成分与含量的成功事例。 相似文献
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植物生长发育过程中G蛋白偶联受体的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
植物G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptors,GPCRs)可以调控细胞周期,参与多种信号转导途径进而影响植物生长发育。植物GPCRs介导的G蛋白信号转导途径是一种非常保守的信号机制。本研究归纳了植物GPCR介导的细胞信号途径组分,总结了植物GPCRs在生长发育中的功能,并分析了植物GPCR影响种子萌发、影响幼苗的发育、影响根的生长三方面的研究进展,提出了植物GPCR调控生长发育的模型。 相似文献
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类黄酮是一类多酚类次生代谢产物,在植物中广泛存在,具有调节机体免疫力、抗氧化、抗衰老以及抵抗病毒等医疗保健功效。在类黄酮生物合成过程中,MYB转录因子扮演者重要角色,可以调控与类黄酮合成相关的酶基因的表达,从而有效地调控类黄酮物质的生物合成。目前已在很多植物中分离克隆得到了很多调控类黄酮生物合成的MYB转录因子,并对它们的结构功能及表达方式和作用模式进行了深入研究。利用转基因技术将从特定植物中分离得到的MYB转录因子用于植物遗传改良,可有效提高转基因植物中黄酮类物质的含量。因此,MYB转录因子的研究对从分子水平上研究和调节类黄酮的合成具有重要的意义;转录因子的应用是类黄酮生物合成基因工程中的一个新方向。 相似文献
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Genetic characterization of banana cultivars (Musa spp.) from Brazil using microsatellite markers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Flavonoids, in particular the anthocyanins,are responsible for flower colour in manyspecies. The dihydroflavonols represent abranch point in flavonoid biosynthesis,being the intermediates for production ofboth the coloured anthocyanins, through theaction of the enzyme dihydroflavonol4-reductase (DFR), and the colourlessflavonols, produced by flavonol synthase(FLS). In this study the white-flowered,flavonol accumulating Mitchell line ofpetunia was used as a model to examine theinteraction between DFR and FLS enzymeactivities and possibilities forredirecting flavonoid biosynthesis awayfrom production of flavonols and towardsanthocyanins. Introduction of a 35SCaMV-DFR sense transgene construct causedthe production of anthocyanins, resultingin a pink-flowered phenotype. Furthermore,inhibition of FLS production throughintroduction of an FLS antisense RNAconstruct also led to anthocyaninproduction and a pink-flowered phenotype. A combination of both transgenes gave thehighest level of anthocyanin formation. Anthocyanins were produced in the DFR-senseand FLS-antisense transgenic lines in spiteof the greatly reduced levels of geneexpression in the Mitchell line for threeenzymes late in anthocyanin biosynthesis,anthocyanindin synthase, UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase andUDP-rhamnose: anthocyanidin-3-glucosiderhamnosyltransferase. Thus, the level ofgene activity required for visibleanthocyanin formation is much lower thanthe high levels normally induced duringpetal development. Altering the balancebetween the DFR and FLS enzyme activities,using genetic modification, may be a usefulstrategy for introducing or increasinganthocyanin production in target ornamentalspecies. 相似文献
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利用灰色关联分析法选择适宜转蓝色基因的百合品种 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过测定不同百合品种的花青素和黄酮醇的成分组成及含量,测量其液泡pH值,确定适宜转蓝色基因的百合品种。首先外部观察选择花色为粉色至紫红色的10个百合品种,用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析花瓣中花色素和黄酮醇的组成和含量,pH计测量液泡pH值,利用灰色关联分析法对供试品种的测量指标进行综合评价。结果表明：供试品种中的花青素为矢车菊素,黄酮醇为山奈酚和槲皮素;最终选择花瓣中矢车菊色素含量少,黄酮醇含量高,液泡pH值高的OT杂种百合‘罗宾娜’和东方百合‘贝尼尼’为适宜转蓝色基因品种。 相似文献
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Sidsel Fiskaa Hagen Grethe Iren A. Borge Knut Asbjørn Solhaug Gunnar B. Bengtsson 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(1):36-42
In this study, curly kale stored at 1 °C for 3 and 6 weeks was compared with plants remaining in the field regarding several properties related to human health and sensory quality. Cold storage had no effect on the antioxidant capacity (ORAC assay), total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) or flavonol content, but reduced the content of vitamin C and soluble sugars. The ratio ascorbic:dehydroascorbic acid decreased from about 3 to 0.5 upon storage. The largest changes in the content of bioactive compounds were found in plants that remained in the field for 6 additional weeks, including many frost days. In these plants, the levels of flavonols, total phenols and antioxidant capacity were reduced by 25–35% and the vitamin C content by more than 50%, whereas soluble sugars and dry matter increased by roughly 20% and 30%, respectively. Among all the curly kale samples, the antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the level of total phenols (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) and total flavonols (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). Values obtained with a non-destructive method based on chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) were well correlated with the flavonol content in the leaves, with the highest correlation found for quercetin (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). Using the ChlF method, the kinetics of the flavonol content during the experiment was recorded. The same method also showed gradients of flavonol content within the plant, with the highest values in the upper leaves and in the tip of the leaves. ChlF measurement, therefore, proved to be a quick and cost-effective alternative to chemical analyses of the flavonol content in curly kale. 相似文献
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植物表皮蜡质合成和运输途径研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
植物表皮蜡质是覆盖在所有陆生植物地上部分表面的一层疏水屏障,对植物的生长发育和适应外界环境起着重要的作用。综述了有关植物表皮蜡质合成、运输和调控途径的最新研究进展,并对这些途径中存在的问题及其研究前景进行了探讨。 相似文献
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农作物乙烯合成和信号转导途径及其对抗病反应的调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乙烯作为植物激素在生长、发育、抗逆过程中发挥了其独特的调节作用。本文在分子生物学水平上概述了植物中乙烯合成途径和信号转导途径的机制。乙烯的合成由甲硫氨酸开始,经过重要的中间代谢产物ACC的氧化裂解形成乙烯,其中ACC合成酶催化的反应为限速反应,为调控乙烯合成的重要环节。乙烯信号的转导由内质网上乙烯受体识别乙烯开始,在胞质中经一条保守的途径,由EIN3将转录信号传递至细胞核中,最后以ERF类转录因子激活或抑制相关基因的表达。ERF转录因子参与防卫反应的诱导和寄主对病原菌不亲和互作的建立,受其调控的防卫基因被诱导表达后在随后防卫应答过程中发挥了不同的作用。 相似文献
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Onions are cured in order to form a complete, dry, outer skin which reduces water loss and suppresses incidence of disease, and can promote a darker skin finish. Currently in the UK, standard curing practises for onions involves heating at 28 °C for six weeks (65–75% RH), however, reducing curing temperatures may help to reduce energy usage. There is little empirical data on the effects of curing temperature on flavonol concentration in the skin of brown onions and on flavonol and anthocyanin concentration in the skin of red onions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the compounds responsible for the change in onion skin colour when cured at different temperatures.Brown cvs. Sherpa and Wellington, and red onions cv. Red Baron, were cured at 20, 24 or 28 °C for six weeks. Replicated skin samples were analysed immediately after curing and after seven months cold storage at 1 ± 0.5 °C. Measurement of objective colour showed that skin of cvs. Sherpa and Wellington was darker and had a lower hue angle (H°) immediately after being cured at 28 °C compared to 20 °C. In contrast, skin of cv. Red Baron had a higher H° but no change in lightness (L*) when cured at 28 °C compared to 20 °C. Fructose, sucrose and glucose concentrations were analysed as they are thought to play a role in regulating the synthesis of flavonols and anthocyanins, both coloured compounds found in onion skin; however no significant correlations were found between colour data and sugar concentrations. Flavonols were measured in the skin of all cvs. and anthocyanins in the skin of cv. Red Baron. Quercetin glucoside and anthocyanin concentrations in the skin of onions cv. Red Baron immediately after curing were higher in those cured at 20 °C. Total flavonols and total anthocyanins were negatively correlated with H° in the skin of onions cv. Red Baron, but there was no similar correlation between total flavonols and H° for onion cvs. Sherpa and Wellington. This suggests that anthocyanins and flavonols may play a major role in varying skin colour of red onions cv. Red Baron cured at different temperatures; however, the difference between curing temperatures may not have been sufficient to represent a correlation between darkening of cvs. Sherpa and Wellington and flavonol concentration. Further investigation is therefore required to fully elucidate the compounds responsible for colour changes observed in brown onions. 相似文献
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过量表达棉花GhACO2基因增强拟南芥抗逆性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乙烯在植物生长发育过程中起到非常重要的作用,ACO基因对于细胞内乙烯的合成起到关键的作用,然而乙烯在植物响应非生物胁迫方面的功能有很大的未知性。研究通过PCR方法从棉花基因组中克隆获得GhACO2基因,构建了植物过量表达载体p35S::GhACO2,通过花序侵染法转化拟南芥,用卡那霉素对转化植株进行初步筛选,进一步对阳性植株进行PCR和GUS组织化学分析检测,结果表明,在转基因拟南芥叶片中有很强的GUS活性,茎和根有微量表达;GhACO2基因已经整合到拟南芥基因组中,成功获得转基因拟南芥。经过纯合筛选后获得转基因T2代拟南芥植株,利用NaCl和PEG6000对T2代植株进行盐胁迫和干旱胁迫处理,结果显示,与野生型拟南芥相比,转GhACO2基因拟南芥对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的耐受性显著性的增强。研究结果为进一步探讨GhACO2的生物学功能和利用基因工程技术进行转基因育种质奠定了基础。 相似文献
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植物溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶(lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, LPAT)是三酰甘油(triglycerides,TAG)生物合成的重要限速酶,在脂质合成、种子发育及生物膜合成等方面具有重要的作用。目前,LPAT基因已在多种植物中被克隆,其编码的蛋白根据亚细胞定位大致可分为质体和微体两大类。文章综述了近年来国内外植物LPAT基因,包括拟南芥LPAT基因的染色体定位和基因结构,植物LPAT酶的底物选择性、表达调节及其生理功能,并对其在TAG生物合成的研究进行分析和展望。 相似文献