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1.
《中国兽医杂志》2015,(1)
为了解谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(Glucl)gbr-2基因在捻转血矛线虫抗伊维菌素虫株是否存在突变,以及变异情况如何,本试验以捻转血矛线虫耐伊维菌素虫株作研究对象,提取基因组DNA后以特异性引物扩增gbr-2基因,并对扩增产物进行测序和分析。同时以敏感株虫体作对照。试验结果表明,与对照组相比,耐药株的基因序列发生了突变,在80~170 bp处出现多处突变;在192~207 bp处的碱基发生丢失。两者同源性为88.9%。试验结果说明,捻转血矛线虫抗伊维菌素虫株的谷氨酸门控氯离子通道gbr-2基因确实存在突变,为进一步了解捻转血矛线虫抗伊维菌素虫株的耐药性分子机制,以及筛选耐药性检测的分子标记,建立耐药性的早期检测手段提供重要数据。 相似文献
2.
基于ITS序列的捻转血矛线虫系统进化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为分析捻转血矛线虫ITS序列的变异与虫株特性之间的关系,对捻转血矛线虫不同药物抗性虫株(苯并咪唑类药物抗性虫株、伊维菌素抗性虫株、莫西菌素抗性虫株、药物敏感虫株)、不同宿主来源虫株(长颈鹿、牛、绵羊、山羊、牦牛)和不同地理位置(中国、美国、意大利、法国、也门、马来西亚、澳大利亚)的分离株,以及毛圆科的其他线虫的ITS序列进行了分析。结果发现捻转血矛线虫与毛圆科其他线虫的ITS-2基因的相似性高,基于该基因建立的系统进化树可以很好地区分毛圆科不同属的线虫;捻转血矛线虫的抗药性特点与其ITS-1基因的变异进化关系不大;不同地理位置的捻转血矛线虫分离株的ITS-2基因变异很小;从野生动物长颈鹿体内分离的捻转血矛线虫的ITS-1基因与家养反刍动物分离株的差异较明显。研究结果表明捻转血矛线虫ITS序列在种内相对保守,不同虫株间变异较小,在毛圆科线虫的分子分类中具有一定意义。 相似文献
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伊维菌素类药物的耐药性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
伊维菌素类 (Ｉｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎｓ)药物包括阿维菌素 (Ａｖｅｒ ｍｅｃｔｉｎ)、伊维菌素 (Ｉｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ)、多拉菌素 (Ｄｏｒｎｍｅｃｔｉｎ)、伊普菌素 (Ｅｐｒｉｎｏｍｅｃｔｉｎ)、摩西菌素 (Ｍｏｘｉｄｅｃｔｉｎ)和杀螨菌素 (Ｍｉｌｂｅ ｍｙｃｉｎ)。这类药物有广谱高效的驱虫活性和较高的安全性。但由于耐药性的产生 ,这类药物和使用受到限制。1985年 ,有人在南非首先报道一株对伊维菌素耐药的捻转血矛线虫。以后 ,同样在南非地区又分离到 4株和 5株耐伊维菌素捻转血矛线虫。据报道巴西分离到耐伊维菌素捻转血矛线虫 ,并… 相似文献
4.
捻转血矛线虫P糖蛋白基因的表达与耐伊维菌素药物相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2020,(4)
为了解P糖蛋白(Pgp)与捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus,Hco)耐伊维菌素(IVM)药物的相关性,分别从山西榆次和内蒙古乌审旗分离得到伊维菌素敏感和耐药虫株,并运用RT-qPCR法,检测比较Hco-Pgp-2和Hco-Pgp-9在捻转血矛线虫乌审旗耐药株(WS-R)和山西敏感株(SX-S)之间的表达差异性。结果显示,Hco-Pgp-2和Hco-Pgp-9在耐药株WS-R中,雌虫的表达量均低于雄虫;而在敏感株SX-S中,雌虫的表达量均高于雄虫。雌虫Hco-Pgp-2和Hco-Pgp-9表达量,均是耐药株WS-R低于敏感株SX-S,而雄虫则相反。由此推断,这种性别间的表达差异可能与虫体耐药性相关,可以作为耐药性监测的依据之一。 相似文献
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为探究捻转血矛线虫的伊维菌素(IVM)敏感虫株与耐药虫株显著差异的microRNA (miRNA)转录谱，发掘其耐药相关的miRNA，本实验采用Illumina Hiseq2000平台分别对捻转血矛线虫IVM敏感虫株与耐药虫株测序，构建cDNA文库，通过质控后采用生物信息学软件筛选捻转血矛线虫IVM敏感与耐药虫株的差异mi RNA。结果显示，捻转血矛线虫的IVM敏感与耐药虫株筛选出转录显著差异的miRNA共375个，其中253个转录上调，122个转录下调。利用RNAhybrid (V6.01)、Miranda (V3.3a)、TargetScan (V7.0)软件对筛选到的mi RNA靶基因进行预测，并取交集作为mi RNA靶基因预测结果，将筛选出显著差异的靶基因通过perl脚本与显著差异的miRNA进行关联分析，结果显示共关联到2 106对miRNA-mRNA为负调控关系，其中涉及到477个差异的m RNA和603个差异的miRNA。对显著差异的miRNA靶基因进行GO富集分析，结果显示其中有492个GO terms，包括生物过程(BP) 322个、细胞组分(CC) 47个、分子功能... 相似文献
7.
林麝捻转血矛线虫的分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国预防兽医学报》2017,(7)
为鉴定林麝粪样中疑似血矛属线虫虫卵的虫种,本研究提取四川和陕西地区林麝粪样中疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵DNA,对其核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)全序列进行PCR扩增与序列分析。结果显示14个疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵DNA样品ITS全序列片段大小为786 bp~788 bp,序列相似性为99.0%~100%;经序列BLAST比对和系统发育分析,所有疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵样品均为捻转血矛线虫,与NCBI基因库中多株捻转血矛线虫的ITS序列相似性为97.0%~99.5%。研究结果表明,寄生于林麝的血矛属线虫为捻转血矛线虫,从而为控制林麝捻转血矛线虫病提供了重要依据。 相似文献
8.
为鉴定绵阳地区山羊粪便中疑似血矛属线虫虫卵的虫种,本研究提取绵阳地区三个县山羊粪便中疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵DNA 60份,采用PCR技术扩增其核糖体第二内转录间隔区(rDNA ITS-2)基因序列,并与GenBank上公布的捻转血矛线虫同源序列进行比较分析。结果显示:60份疑似血矛属线虫的虫卵DNA样品均得到191bp的ITS-2片段;60条ITS-2序列共形成15条不同的序列,含有17个单变异位点,与GenBank中多株捻转血矛线虫的同源性达95.8%~100%;ML系统发育树显示,本研究得到的15种类型ITS-2序列与已报道的捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchus contortus)聚类形成一个分支。综上可得,60份来自山羊的血矛属线虫均为捻转血矛线虫。 相似文献
9.
旨在解析3种不同形态阴门盖捻转血矛线虫（Haemonchus contortus）的遗传进化差异，本研究从养殖场山羊皱胃中分离到捻转血矛线虫虫体，采用普通光学显微镜观察71条雌虫虫体阴门盖的形态结构特征，并基于捻转血矛线虫ITS-1、ITS-2和nad4基因位点，采用PCR法对不同阴门盖的虫体进行扩增，通过比对多位点序列进行遗传进化分析。经显微镜观察发现，本研究分离到的捻转血矛线虫雌虫阴门盖存在舌瓣形、亚球形和舌-球混合形3种形态，所占比例分别为45.07%（32/71）、50.70%（36/71）和4.23%（3/71）。对43条雌虫全长和阴门至虫体末端长度进行测量和统计分析，结果显示，3种不同形态阴门盖的捻转血矛线虫全长统计学差异不显著（P>0.05），而3种不同形态阴门盖的捻转血矛线虫阴门至虫体末端的长度存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。基于捻转血矛线虫ITS-1、ITS-2和nad4基因进行的序列分析结果显示，不同形态阴门盖虫体的9个样品在3个基因位点上存在不同程度的碱基差异，多态性位点分别为10、13和43个，核苷酸多态性分别为0.85%、1.34%和1.97%。基于ITS-1和ITS-2构建的遗传进化树显示，研究中所用样品与GenBank上H.contortus的参考序列处于同一进化支，表明本研究所分离到的虫体均属捻转血矛线虫。捻转血矛线虫雌虫的阴门盖存在形态学差异，不同形态阴门盖虫体在ITS-1、ITS-2和nad4基因位点上均存在不同程度的碱基差异，此研究结果为捻转血矛线虫的种类鉴定和遗传进化提供了参考数据。 相似文献
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Multiple resistance to benzimidazoles (fenbendazole, albendazole and mebendazole) in a strain of Haemonchus contortus in sheep was detected on a farm where fenbendazole resistance had already been identified. Following a faecal egg count reduction test, this was confirmed by both critical and controlled anthelmintic tests. Different groups of sheep infected naturally or given an experimental infection with the fenbendazole-resistant strain were treated with the recommended doses of various anthelmintics. Compared to the control group, percentage reductions in faecal egg counts of sheep treated with fenbendazole, albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and morantel varied between 56% and 81% and worm counts between 71% and 86%. The results indicate the presence of multiple anthelmintic resistance in this strain of H. contortus on this farm. Sheep treated with ivermectin and closantel showed 100% reductions in faecal egg and worm counts, suggesting high efficacy of these drugs against the population of H. contortus on this farm. 相似文献
12.
Amphidial structure of ivermectin-resistant and susceptible laboratory and field strains of Haemonchus contortus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Freeman AS Nghiem C Li J Ashton FT Guerrero J Shoop WL Schad GA 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,110(3-4):217-226
The development of anthelmintic resistance by nematode parasites is a growing problem for veterinarians, pet owners, and producers. The intensive use of the macrocyclic lactones for the treatment of a variety of parasitic diseases has hastened the development of resistance to this family of parasiticides. As a result, resistance to ivermectin, moxidectin, nemadectin, and doramectin by Haemonchus contortus has been documented throughout the world.
Sensory neurons located in the cephalic end of nematodes are in close contact with the external environment. Through these neurons, important chemical and thermal cues are gathered by the parasite. Examination of serial electron micrographs of ivermectin-susceptible and ivermectin-resistant H. contortus allows for comparison of neuronal structure, arrangement of neurons within the amphidial channel, and distance of the tip of the dendritic processes to the amphidial pore. The latter of these characteristics provides a useful means by which to compare the association between the neurons and the external environment of the worm.
Comparison of parental laboratory strains of ivermectin-susceptible strains of H. contortus with related selected, ivermectin-resistant strains and with a wild-type ivermectin-susceptible field strain of H. contortus from Louisiana reveal that the ivermectin-resistant worms examined have markedly shorter sensory cilia than their ivermectin-susceptible parental counterparts. Additionally, the amphidial neurons of ivermectin-resistant worms are characterized by generalized degeneration and loss of detail, whereas other neurons outside of the channels, such as the labial and cephalic neurons, are normal in structure. These findings raise a number of questions regarding the relationship between amphidial structure and ivermectin resistance as well as the role of amphids as a means of entry for ivermectin. While shortened amphidial sensilla are associated with ivermectin resistance, it remains unclear if such a structural modification facilitates survival of nematodes exposed to macrocyclic lactones. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to determine the presence of anthelmintic resistance on Hawassa University goat farm in southern Ethiopia.
The 180 goats were stratified by age and sex and randomly assigned to treatment groups (albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin
and untreated control). Each treatment group included 15 goats and treatments were administered according to weight of each
goat with 7.5 mg/kg bw albendazole, 22.5 mg/kg bw tetramisole and 0.2 mg/kg bw ivermectin dose rates recommended by scientists.
Faecal samples were collected on day 0 before treatment, and again on day 12 post treatment. Efficacy of all the drugs was
assessed on day 12 post treatment by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Multiple anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus spp. against albendazole, tetramisole and ivermectin was recorded in all age categories of the goats. Likewise, Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia spp. showed resistance against ivermectin. Coprocultures from all pre- and post-treatments revealed the predominance of Haemonchus spp. Resistance against anthelmintics is attributed to the high frequency of treatment and low dosage of treatment practices
on the farm. Large scale studies, however, are needed to assess the current status of anthelmintic resistance against the
most commonly used anthelmintics in different agroecology, species of animals and management systems in Ethiopia. 相似文献
15.
S. W. Wanyangu R. K. Bain M. K. Rugutt J. M. Nginyi J. M. Mugambi 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1996,25(3-4):285-290
Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) and larval cultures were used to assess the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance amongst sheep and goats on farms served by Kenya's five regional Veterinary Investigation Laboratories. Twenty-four out of 42 farms tested (57%) showed resistance to at least one anthelmintic group. Resistance to levamisole was found in nine out of 35 sheep farms tested (26%) and 12 out of 24 goat farms (50%). Resistance to benzimidazole drugs was found in 10 out of 28 sheep farms (36%) and six out of 20 goat farms (30%). Larval cultures of post-treatment faecal samples showed resistance to be predominantly due to Haemonchus contortus. Twelve farms were routinely using substandard products which appeared to have no anthelmintic activity. 相似文献
16.
Waghorn TS Leathwick DM Rhodes AP Lawrence KE Jackson R Pomroy WE West DM Moffat JR 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2006,54(6):271-277
AIM: To establish the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes on sheep farms in New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted, using a standardised faecal nematode egg count (FEC) reduction (FECR) test (FECRT) for ivermectin, at a full (0.2 mg/kg) and half (0.1 mg/kg) dose rate, and albendazole, levamisole and albendazole-levamisole in combination, on 60 lambs (n=10 per group) on farms selected from throughout New Zealand. Farms that conformed with selection criteria were chosen at random (n=80) or with a history of suspected resistance to macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics (n=32). Resistance to an anthelmintic was inferred when there was <95% reduction in FEC 7-10 days after treatment. Larval cultures were performed for all control groups and for treated groups for which resistance was evident. RESULTS: Of the farms randomly selected, 36% showed > or =95% FECR for all anthelmintics tested; resistance to ivermectin at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg liveweight was evident on 36% and 25% of these farms, respectively. Resistance to both ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg) and levamisole was evident on 8/80 (10%) farms, to ivermectin and albendazole on 10/80 (13%) farms, and to ivermectin, levamisole and albendazole on 6/80 (8%) farms. The prevalence of resistance to a half dose of ivermectin tended to be more prevalent on farms with a history of suspected ML resistance (p=0.06). Resistance to albendazole was seen across all the main parasite genera, and to levamisole in Nematodirus, Ostertagia (= Teladorsagia) and Trichostrongylus species. Resistance to ivermectin was dominated by Ostertagia spp, although Cooperia, Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus species were also implicated. CONCLUSION: Anthelmintic resistance in parasitic nematodes of sheep is common in New Zealand. Not only was resistance to albendazole and levamisole common, but resistance to the ML, ivermectin, was at a higher prevalence than expected. Sheep farmers and advisors in New Zealand need to re-evaluate the way they manage parasites, and more research is urgently needed if the steady decline in anthelmintic susceptibility is to be halted. 相似文献
17.
J A Van Wyk F S Malan H M Gerber R M Alves 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1989,56(1):41-49
During the past decade in South Africa there has been a continual increase in sheep of strains of gastrointestinal helminths resistant to the modern anthelmintics. Five strains of Haemonchus contortus are described in this paper. Despite the fact that 2 of the 5 strains were tested for susceptibility only to ivermectin, a total of 10 instances of resistance were found. Four of the 5 strains were resistant to ivermectin, 2 to closantel, 2 to rafoxanide and 2 to the benzimidazoles. One of these strains was concurrently resistant to 3 different anthelmintic groups, namely, the ivermectins, the benzimidazoles and the salicylanilides. Resistance to ivermectin developed in 2 strains of H. contortus after a history of only 3 treatments with this compound in one instance and 11 treatments in the other. In the latter case drenching with ivermectin was well interspersed with that of other anthelmintics. This rapid development of resistance suggests that there may be cross-resistance between ivermectin and another anthelmintic group. Two of the ivermectin resistant strains were recovered from separate properties in the south-western Cape Province, where Ostertagia circumcincta, which is usually the dominant parasite in this region, was virtually eliminated by the anthelmintic treatment. On each of these properties it was apparently replaced by a resistant strain of H. contortus. A serious threat to control is the dissemination of worm strains with multiple resistance to anthelmintics. The strain of H. contortus resistant to 3 anthelmintic groups has already been widely dispersed, as the farmer concerned suddenly decided to give up farming with sheep and to sell his flock. 相似文献
18.
A larval development test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M A Taylor 《Research in veterinary science》1990,49(2):198-202
First stage larvae of a number of species of parasitic nematodes of sheep have been shown to develop to third stage larvae in the presence of a defined medium consisting of Earle's balanced salt solution and yeast extract. A larval development test, based on this culture technique, was used as a screen for detecting the presence of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep. It was found to be sensitive and simple to use and also appeared capable of detecting resistance to any of the main anthelmintic groups. Available anthelmintic sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta showed differences in development when incubated in the presence of either thiabendazole, levamisole and ivermectin. These differences were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration required to prevent larval development over the incubation period. 相似文献
19.
Ricardo J. Canever Pollyana R.C. Braga Albert Boeckh Marcelly Grycajuck Daniele Bier Marcelo B. Molento 《Veterinary parasitology》2013
The increase of anthelmintic resistance in the last years in the nematode population of veterinary importance has become a major concern. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the main anthelmintic drugs available in the market against small strongyles of horses in Brazil. A total of 498 horses from 11 horse farms, located in the states of Paraná, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, in Brazil, were treated with ivermectin, moxidectin, pyrantel and fenbendazole, orally at their recommended doses. The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to determine the product's efficacy and fecal culture was used to determine the parasite genus. Reduction on anthelmintic efficacy was found for fenbendazole in all horse farms (11/11), pyrantel in five yards (5/11) and ivermectin had low efficacy in one of the yards studied (1/11). Multidrug resistance of up to 3 drugs classes was found in one of the tested farms (1/11). Cyathostomin were the most prevalent parasite. The results showed that resistance to fenbendazole is widespread; the efficacy of pyrantel is in a critical situation. Although the macrocyclic lactones compounds still showed high efficacy on most farms, suspected resistance to macrocyclic lactones is of great concern. 相似文献
20.
Chandrawathani P Waller PJ Adnan M Höglund J 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(1):17-25
Anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep and goats on a government farm in north Malaysia was monitored over a 3-year period (1997–2000). The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted on young sheep at the beginning and end of this period. Changes in management, designed to reduce the selection pressure for the development of anthelmintic resistance, were also implemented during this time. By far the most important parasite problem was Haemonchus contortus. In 1997, this nematode was found to be resistant to levamisole, with suspected resistance to closantel and moxidectin. However, when the FECRT was repeated 3 years later, its resistance status had become much more severe, with resistance to benzimidazole, levamisole and ivermectin, and suspected resistance to moxidectin. This rapid evolution to multiple anthelmintic resistance is a major concern that needs to be arrested. There is an urgent need to evaluate other control strategies that incorporate livestock management, the `smart' use of drugs and non-chemotherapeutic approaches, such as biological control agents. 相似文献