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1.
EGCG溶液浓度与酸碱度对黄壤Al、Fe和Mn形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植物多酚可通过络合作用改变元素的存在形态。采用双因素完全随机试验设计,通过浸提试验研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)溶液浓度、酸碱度、浓度与酸碱度互作对黄壤可溶态、游离态、无定形态和络合态铝(Al)、铁(Fe)和锰(Mn)的影响。结果表明:EGCG溶液浓度对黄壤可溶态和络合态Al、Fe、Mn及无定形态Al、Fe均产生极显著影响,EGCG溶液酸碱度对黄壤可溶态及无定形态Al、Fe、Mn均产生显著或极显著影响,EGCG溶液浓度与酸碱度对黄壤可溶态Al、Fe、Mn,无定形态和络合态Al也有极显著或显著的互作效应。相关分析结果显示,土壤中3种元素的无定形态氧化物含量与对应的可溶态氧化物含量呈显著或极显著负相关,表明EGCG溶液主要通过改变氧化物形态,特别是无定形态氧化物含量,影响元素活化,进而改变其可溶态含量;Al和Mn的活化会使土壤滤液pH降低,在pH降低幅度较大时,可能导致土壤酸化。本试验一方面为研究酸性茶园土壤酸化的来源提供了方向,另一方面也可为植物Al/Mn毒害的防治提供参考,但在利用植物多酚类物质防治土壤Al/Mn毒害的同时要处理好土壤酸化与治理毒害的关系。 相似文献
2.
通过浸提试验研究了温度对浓度均为5 mmol/L的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)和柠檬酸活化漂洗水稻土和黄壤矿质元素的影响。结果表明:随温度升高,EGCG和柠檬酸对2种土壤Si、Al、Fe和Mn的活化量均不同程度增加,表明EGCG和柠檬酸活化土壤矿质元素的能力在高温季节将得以增强。相同温度下,从元素间比较来看,EGCG和柠檬酸对2种土壤元素的活化量大小均为AlSiFe(Mn),表明EGCG和柠檬酸作用下土壤Al较Si、Fe和Mn更易活化;柠檬酸对2种土壤Fe、Mn的活化量均为FeMn,而EGCG对漂洗水稻土为FeMn,对黄壤则为MnFe;从土壤间比较来看,EGCG和柠檬酸对2种土壤Si的活化量均为漂洗水稻土黄壤,对Al、Fe和Mn的活化量则为黄壤漂洗水稻土;从酚与酸的比较来看,柠檬酸对2种土壤Si、Al、Fe的活化量均显著高于EGCG,表明柠檬酸比EGCG对土壤Si、Al和Fe有更强的活化能力。 相似文献
3.
《土壤通报》2015,(1):111-116
通过浸提试验研究了不同浓度茶叶提取物、儿茶素和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸脂(EGCG)3种茶多酚(TPs)和不同p H下EGCG对漂洗水稻土和黄壤Si、Al和Fe活化的影响。结果表明:(1)随TPs浓度升高,土壤Si活化量在茶叶提取物和儿茶素作用下总体上均增加,在EGCG作用下却先增后减;Al、Fe活化量在各TP作用下均增加。同一浓度下,各TP活化Si的量均为漂洗水稻土黄壤,活化Al或Fe的量均为黄壤漂洗水稻土。(2)随EGCG溶液p H升高,Si活化量为漂洗水稻土降低,黄壤增加;Al、Fe活化量为2种土壤均增加。同一p H下,EGCG活化Si的量p H≤5.5时为漂洗水稻土黄壤,p H=6.5时为黄壤漂洗水稻土;活化Al、Fe的量均为黄壤漂洗水稻土。综上,TPs浓度和p H对不同土壤Si、Al和Fe的活化有不同影响。 相似文献
4.
西南亚热带典型林分枯落物层对酸沉降的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过模拟酸雨实验,研究了缙云山马尾松×四川大头茶×四川杨桐混交林(林分Ⅰ)、广东山胡椒×四川山矾混交林(林分Ⅱ)、毛竹林(林分Ⅲ)、四川山矾×杉木混交林(林分Ⅳ)、马尾松林(林分Ⅴ)、灌丛(林分Ⅵ)枯落物淋滤液的化学性质。结果表明:①6种典型林分的枯落物淋滤液pH值均随模拟酸雨pH的降低而减小;林分Ⅴ的枯落物层对模拟酸雨pH值的缓冲效果最好。②6种典型林分枯落物淋滤液中的盐基离子(Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+、NH+4)浓度随模拟酸雨pH值的降低而增加。在pH值2.7和3.5的强酸雨作用下,林分Ⅴ枯落物淋滤液中的盐基离子浓度均是最高的,达到了0.143 6 mmol/L和0.074 0mmol/L,在pH值4.5的酸雨作用下,林分Ⅱ枯落物淋滤液的盐基离子浓度是最高的,达到了0.138 9mmol/L。③在模拟酸雨pH值为2.7时,6种典型林分淋滤液中Al3+、Fe、Mn、Zn急剧增加,且林分Ⅴ枯落物淋滤液中Al3+(0.018 2 mmol/L)、Fe(0.004 4 mmol/L)、Mn(0.010 7 mmol/L)、Zn(0.002 5 mmol/L)均高于其他林分,林分Ⅴ更易受到这几种元素的毒害。 相似文献
5.
生物质炭对黑土硝态氮淋失的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究不同类型和不同用量生物质炭对黑土硝态氮(NO_3~-—N)淋失的影响,采用室内土柱模拟法进行淋溶试验,探究了3种来源(玉米秸秆、稻壳、松木)和4个添加比例(0.6%,1.2%,3.6%,6%)的生物质炭对黑土淋溶液的pH、电导率(EC)、体积、淋溶液中NO_3~-—N浓度及土壤NO_3~-—N淋失量的影响。结果表明:淋溶液的pH和EC与生物质炭的施用量呈正比,且3种生物质炭对淋溶液pH的影响表现为玉米秸秆稻壳松木;对淋溶液EC的影响表现为稻壳松木玉米秸秆。淋溶液体积与生物质炭的施用量呈反比,CK处理中累积淋溶液体积为2 530ml,玉米秸秆、稻壳和松木生物质炭的各处理中均为6%处理的累积淋溶液体积最低,分别比CK降低了16.91%,10.77%和10.70%。施用生物质炭可降低淋溶液中NO_3~-—N浓度,CK处理中淋溶液NO_3~-—N浓度范围为38.09~5.02 mg/L,玉米秸秆生物质炭中1.2%处理的淋溶液NO_3~-—N浓度最低,范围为21.31~0.74mg/L;稻壳、松木生物质炭中3.6%处理的淋溶液NO_3~-—N浓度最低,范围分别为21.86~1.06mg/L和22.76~1.11mg/L。施用生物质炭降低了土壤NO_3~-—N淋失量,不同生物质炭对其影响表现为玉米秸秆稻壳松木,当玉米秸秆生物质炭的添加比例为1.2%,稻壳及松木制备的生物质炭添加比例为3.6%时,土壤NO_3~-—N淋失量最低。因此,向黑土中施用生物质炭可以增加淋溶液的pH和EC,降低淋溶液体积和其中所含NO_3~-—N的浓度,从而减少了土壤中NO_3~-—N的淋失量。 相似文献
6.
模拟酸雨对赤红壤磷素及Ca2+，Al3+，Fe2+淋失特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究通过室内土柱试验,研究了不同强度和持续时间的模拟酸雨淋溶下,赤红壤磷素淋失量及部分阳离子（Ca2+、Al3+、Fe2+）的释放程度和特征。结果表明:经pH 2.0、pH 3.0、pH 4.0、pH 5.0模拟酸雨持续淋溶 34 d后,淋溶液pH值变化并不明显（＞0.05 ）,而对Ca2+、Fe2+的溶出有显著的促进作用,Ca2+、Al3+、Fe2+ 溶出量均随 pH 值的降低而升高,Al3+ 和 Fe2+ 淋失量在pH 2.0时均有骤增现象。随淋溶时间的增加,土壤可溶态磷的淋失量表现为先增加后逐渐降低;随着pH值的降低,土壤磷淋失总量也表现为先增加后降低,pH4.0的酸雨有助于促进土壤磷的释放,pH＜4.0时土壤磷的淋失减少。相关分析发现淋溶液中磷淋失总量与Al3+和Fe2+溶出量均呈显著负相关（r1=0.6531, r2=0.5107）,和Ca2+总溶出量相关关系不显著（r3=0.1287）,表明高强度酸雨降低了土壤磷淋失量可能与酸雨作用导致活性铁、铝的大量释放,增加了磷的活性吸附点位,从而增加了对磷酸根离子配位吸附与固定有关。 相似文献
7.
几种低分子量有机酸淋溶对土壤铝、硅及盐基离子淋失的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用50cm原状土柱进行模拟淋溶实验,比较研究了模拟酸雨和几种低分子量有机酸对红壤Al、Si及盐基离子淋失的影响。结果表明,模拟酸雨淋洗后土壤中有极少量的Al和一定量的Si及盐基离子淋出。与去离子水对照相比,pH3.5和pH4.5模拟酸雨处理Si的淋出总量分别增加了6.52%和3.26%;K 、Na 、Ca2 和Mg2 等盐基离子淋出量增加了2.41%~96.80%。100μmol/L的柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸处理Al、Si的淋出量与模拟酸雨处理相差不大,而10mmol/L的柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸处理则比模拟酸雨处理有显著的增加。有机酸淋洗后淋出液中各盐基离子含量均要高于模拟酸雨处理,盐基离子淋出总量是模拟酸雨处理的1.58~9.27倍。实验结果说明低分子量有机酸在酸化土壤方面比酸雨有更大的威胁。由于盐基离子的大量淋失,模拟酸雨和有机酸淋洗后淋出液pH均要高于原淋洗液pH。 相似文献
8.
[目的]研究低分子量有机酸(草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸)作用下淋出液及土壤(紫色潮土和灰棕紫泥)性质的变化,以期为三峡库区的环境管理提供参考和科学依据。[方法]采用间歇式土柱模拟试验进行研究。[结果]高浓度低分子量有机酸(≥50mmol/L)能够破坏灰棕紫泥的酸碱缓冲体系,当草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸浓度≥50mmol/L时,灰棕紫泥土壤pH值均从8左右降到了4.11以下;而紫色潮土的缓冲性能较强,经淋溶后土壤pH值变化不大,仍然维持在6.84~8.71左右,与空白处理差异性不显著。另外,灰棕紫泥淋出液电导率变化较紫色潮土明显,高浓度低分子量有机酸处理下,灰棕紫泥淋出液电导率最高值达到了34.400mS;灰棕紫泥在3种低分子量有机酸淋洗下淋溶出离子量的大小顺序为:柠檬酸酒石酸草酸。[结论]低分子量有机酸的酸解作用和络合作用是影响淋出液pH值、淋出液电导率和土壤pH值变化的主要原因,并能够参与紫色潮土和灰棕紫泥的化学和生物化学过程。低分子量有机酸的存在对三峡库区水环境恶化存在一定的风险。 相似文献
9.
以红黄壤为供试土壤,采用室内土柱淋溶模拟试验方法,研究相当于宣城平均年降水量条件下钙在茶园土壤垂直方向上的迁移转化特征。结果表明,钙的大多数形态很容易随水分运动发生迁移。随着加入土柱中钙量增加,淋溶液中钙的浓度,在0~20d时间段内均呈下降趋势;在20~40d时间段内,T1、T2、T3均呈急剧上升趋势,淋出液中钙浓度分别达到2 156,2 484,2 480mg/L,CK基本维持平衡不变;而在40~50d时间内,T1、T2、T3呈明显下降趋势。钙淋出量为T3T2T1CK,而钙淋出率则是T1T2T3CK。最大淋出率在30%左右,而最小的淋出率在10%左右,钙的淋出率有20%受到添加钙浓度的影响。淋溶后,土壤中有效态钙含量相对于原土增加3.5%~25.6%。从整个淋溶过程看,钙的迁移速率约为1.11cm/d。淋溶液中的pH与pCa和pAl的关系分别为:pCa=2.1102pH-4.6636(R2=0.914 6,p0.01);pAl=2.9263pH-6.9138(R2=0.913 8,p0.01)。外源游离钙的加入量与钙淋出量呈正相关关系,与钙淋出率呈负相关关系。钙离子对土壤pH的提升作用,随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,尤其是在0-5cm层提升作用最为明显。 相似文献
10.
采用溶液培养研究Se对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素和几种元素含量的影响结果表明,单用Cd处理,高浓度Cd使水稻幼苗叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn含量显著减少;单用0.10mg/L Se处理可显著增加叶片Fe、Zn、Mn含量。Se使较高浓度Cd(5.0~10.0mg/L)胁迫下水稻幼苗叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn含量高于单用Cd处理,Se与Cd的互作效应影响叶片Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn含量。叶绿素a/b值不能作为水稻幼苗Cd毒害指标。 相似文献
11.
Lovisa Stjernman Forsberg Jon-Petter Gustafsson Dan Berggren Kleja Stig Ledin 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,194(1-4):331-341
A 20-month column experiment investigated leaching of Al, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb during sulphide oxidation in mine tailings with and without sewage sludge (SS) amendment. Leachate pH decreased gradually in all columns during the experiment, irrespective of treatment, due to sulphide oxidation. As the degree of sulphide oxidation, and thus the pH trajectory, differed between replicates (n?=?3), running data for each column used are reported separately and the relationships between sulphide oxidation, metal leaching and treatment in each column compared. Mean pH in the columns correlated negatively with total amounts of leached SO4 2-. In the beginning of the experiment the leachate concentrations of Al, Cu, Zn, Ni and Pb were higher in SS-treated columns due to high initial concentrations of dissolved organic carbon. As leaching proceeded, however, the amounts of Al, Cu, Mn and Ni leached from the columns were closely related to the degree of sulphide oxidation in each column, i.e. to its mean pH. There were no statistically significant differences between treatments regarding the total amounts of metals leached and thus addition of sewage sludge to the tailings appeared to play a minor role for metal leaching patterns. Peak concentrations of Al and Cu in the leachate from untreated tailings and of Zn in the leachate from both untreated and SS-treated tailings at pH 4 exceeded national background values for groundwater. 相似文献
12.
农田控制排水对减少土壤养分淋失、保护农田水环境具有重要作用。为探讨影响地下排水磷淋失量的要素,基于田间实验小区观测资料,统计分析了玉米作物生长期间农田水位管理系统运行对地下排水量和磷淋失量的影响,结果表明,与暗管自由排水系统相比,农田水位管理系统下的累积排水总量约减少1/3,但次地下排水磷淋失浓度和地下排水总磷累积淋失量均明显增高。农田水位管理系统下存在的土壤持续性饱和厌氧状态造成地下排水中氧化还原电位Eh的明显降低和pH值及可溶解性Mn和Fe浓度的显著增大,这或许是导致该系统地下排水磷淋失量明显高于暗管自由排水系统的主要影响因素。 相似文献
13.
Per Nyberg Paul Andersson Erik Degerman Hans Borg Erik Olofsson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(2):333-340
Acid deposition has caused acid episodes and elevated concentrations of metals like Fe, Al and Mn in streams in mountain regions of Sweden. In streams in the area of Lofsdalen, central Sweden, an episode in 1978 during snow melt caused massive downstream migrations of fish. Acid episodes have occurred yearly since then. pH of 4–4.5 and high concentrations of total Fe, Mn and Al were measured during these spates. Liming measures have been carried out in a number of catchments in order to increase the pH and try to decrease the leaching of metals. The lime has been delivered on wetlands, seepage areas and areas covered by meltwater during the spring. Cage experiments were carried out with yearling brown trout in the springs of 1982, and 1985–86. Fe, Al and Mn were analysed in water samples and on/in the gills of dead and live brown trout. There were no significant correlations between mortality or average survival time and total concentrations of Fe, Al or Mn in the water or on/in the gills. Average survival time was positively correlated to pH (p< 0.01). Metal speciation was carried out in 15 experiments in 1985 and ?86. A canonical discriminant analysis showed that pH and the concentration of labile inorganic manganese in the water explained all the observed mortality (can. corr 0.89, p< 0.001). The rate of accumulation of manganese on/in the gills was correlated to the concentration of labile inorganic manganese in the water (p<0.01, r2=0.54, linear regression). 相似文献
14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1570-1587
Soil trace metal ecotoxicity testing requires a set of soil samples with increasing metal concentrations that are otherwise chemically similar. Leaching samples amended with soluble metal salts has been proposed as a means to reduce chemical artefacts of the spiking procedure (i.e., salt effect), thereby improving their environmental relevance. Demonstrating with copper (Cu), we proposed a spike/leach procedure whereby metal solutions were added to test soils over 5 days and subsequently leached with dilute nutrient solutions until the electrical conductivity in leachates stabilized. During the 5 days of Cu additions, pH in leachates from Cu-spiked samples decreased by up to 0.90 pH units and showed up to 30- and 25-fold increases in calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations, indicative of the salt effect. Leaching removed the excess acidity and dissolved cations and minimized the differences in leachate pH, Ca, Mg, aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations between control and Cu-spiked samples. Leaching also reduced dissolved Cu concentrations in spiked samples by up to an order of magnitude, resulting in more environmentally relevant concentrations than were achieved prior to leaching. 相似文献
15.
Hans Borg 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,30(3-4):1007-1014
The study was performed in mountain streams in Central Sweden where a dramatic decrease in fish populations has been observed during the latest years. The spring runoff caused acid surges of pH 4.4 to 5.5 and high concentrations of Fe, Mn and Al occured in the stream waters. Water samples were collected during fish cage experiments performed during spring flood of 1985. The metal fractions were separated with filtration, in-situ dialysis and ion-exchange technique and determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The elements analyzed included Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. During spring flood, when a 100 % fish mortality was observed, particulate forms of Fe, Al and Mn dominated and were probably responsible for the toxic action. The high leaching of Fe, Mn and Al at spring flood during the recent years is a new phenomenon and seems to be caused by the increased acid deposition to the area. 相似文献
16.
T. J. Smalley F. T. Lasseigne H. A. Mills G. G. Hussey 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1375-1384
Marigold (Tagetes erecta L. cv. ‘Discovery Yellow’, “Perfection Yellow’, ‘Inca Yellow’, and ‘Merrymum Yellow') were grown in aluminum (Al) solution culture concentrations of 0, 1, or 4 mg/L. Aluminum increased root length and weight, but had no effect on stem and leaf weight. Uptake and stem and leaf tissue nutrient concentration of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were reduced by the Al treatments. The Al treatments increased stem and leaf concentrations of potassium (K) and decreased the concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). No typical Al‐toxicity symptoms were observed in the roots. Root stunting caused by Fe toxicity was alleviated by the Al treatments. 相似文献
17.
Tetraploid clones of Nilegrass (Acroceras macrum, Stapf.) develop a chlorosis resembling iron (Fe) deficiency on acid (pH 5.0) soils in the Midlands of KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa. Hexaploid and pentaploid clones appear more resistant to the disorder. Iron deficiency would not be expected in such acid soils, but foliar sprays of Fe sulfate reduce the symptoms within 24 hours. Aluminum (Al) toxiciry has been ruled out as a cause of this chlorosis on the basis of soil tests. Manganese (Mn)‐induced Fe deficiency has been postulated. Six Nilegrass clones, differing in ploidy levels, were grown under low Fe or high Mn levels in nutrient solutions, in Mn‐toxic soil, in calcareous soil and in a standard potting soil at pH 7.0. Differential chlorosis symptoms, similar to those observed in the field, were reproduced in plants grown in low Fe or high Mn solutions, in neutral potting soil and in calcareous soil at pH 7.8. Based on plant symptoms and dry weights, the tetraploids were generally more sensitive to these conditions than hexaploid or pentaploid clones. However, in Mn‐toxic soil, plants had leaf tip necrosis rather than the chlorosis typical of Fe deficiency. When grown in a standard potting soil at pH 7.0, plants showing chlorosis accumulated higher concentrations of phosphorus (P), Al, copper (Cu), Mn, Fe, and zinc (Zn) than non‐chlorotic plants. Differential susceptibility to chlorosis is apparently associated with interference of such elements in Fe metabolism, and not with differential Fe concentrations in plant shoots. Additional studies are needed to determine the chemical states of Fe and Mn in root zones and within plant shoots of these clones. Resolution of the differential chlorosis phenomenon would contribute to fundamental knowledge in mineral nutrition and could be helpful in tailoring plant genotypes to fit problem soils. 相似文献
18.
为了研究煤矿外排固体废物的污染特征及其潜在生态危害,采用6种不同pH值的浸提剂对贵州4个煤矿区的煤矸石、煤泥和原煤进行了振荡浸提试验,探讨了浸出液的pH、EC和Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd6种重金属含量随浸提剂pH值的变化规律。结果表明,随着浸提剂的pH值逐渐升高,浸出液的pH值也逐渐升高,其EC逐渐下降,当pH值大于4.0以后逐步趋于稳定;所有重金属在强酸性环境中浸出量较大,并随pH值的增大呈下降趋势,浸出液中Fe、Mn的浓度普遍较高。3类样品中,煤矸石在酸性条件下其重金属的潜在浸出能力强,环境污染风险大。 相似文献
19.
Heavy metal inputs to Mississippi Delta sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Heavy metal concentrations were determined in suspended particulates, filtered water and sediment collected in the Mississippi River and from its marine delta. More than 90% of the metal load of the river is associated with particulate matter, which is relatively constant in chemical composition with time and place. The Mississippi River suspended material is similar to average crystal rocks in Fe, Al, V, Cr, Cu, Co, Mn, and Ni concentration but is generally enriched in Zn, Cd and Pb. Sediment cores dated by the Pb 210 method show that the Cd and Pb enrichments are recent phenomenon and are most likely due to the activities of man. About 6000 tonne of Pb and 300 tonne of Cd are being added to the delta sediments by man each year, more than 30 times the amount added to the Southern California Bight. River particulate matter is essentially identical to deltaic sediments in Al, Fe, Cr, V, Cd and Pb concentration, but the sediments are depleted in Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn by 20 to 40%. Chemical leaching of the solids show the metal losses to be primarily from the oxide phase, suggesting diagenetic reduction and mobilization as a mechanism. Trace metal concentrations in filtered Mississippi River water were below the limits for safe drinking water and were similar to world average river values. The abundant river suspended matter and high pH combine to keep dissolved trace metal concentrations low. 相似文献